Behaviorism and learning
Who is Ivan Pavlov?
Discovered classical conditioning Pavlov's dog experiment used classical conditioning. Ivan pavlov trained the dogs to salivate when they heard a bell after he associated the sound of the bell with the dogs being fed
What kinds of things do teacher do under this theory?
give the learner immediate feedback break down the task into small steps repeat the directions as many times as possible work from the most simple to the most complex task give positive reinforcement skinner believed that positive reinforcement is more effective in changing behavior then punishment
what are the two types of conditioning
operant and classical
Who is J.B. Watson?
the "Little Albert" experiment. he gets credit for establishing the psychological school of behaviorism
Who is B.F.Skinner?
Invented the "Skinner Box"- associated with operant conditioning. education is what survives when what has been learned has been forgotten. the consequences of an act effect the probability of it happening again
Behaviorism
Learning is viewed as a process of acquiring and modifying associations among stimuli and responses, largely through a learner's direct interactions with the environment. Behaviorists argue that because thought processes cannot be directly observed and measured, it is difficult to study thinking objectively and scientifically. Instead, they focus on two things that researchers can observe and measure: people's behaviors (responses) and the environmental events (stimuli, reinforcement) that precede and follow those responses.
What is operant conditioning
Method that occurs using negative and positive reinforcement (rewards and punishments)
What is behaviorism?
This theory implies that the learner responds to environmental stimuli without his/her mental state being a factor in the learner's behavior individuals learn to behave through conditioning
What is classical conditioning?
classical conditioning involves pairing a naturally occurring stimulus with a response. then a previous natural stimulus is paired with the naturally occurring stimulus. the neutral stimulus begins to evoke the same response without the natural occurring stimulus
how do students learn through behaviorism
students learn through experiences and practices learning is also modified with positive and negative reinforcements students begin to give predicted responses to a stimulus
How do teachers use behaviorism?
testing specific skills more individual work than group learning using positive and negative reinforcement teachers could incorporate behaviorism by using a point or sticker system to reward students good behavior or good academic performance
