Bio 1063 Test 1 Study Guide

In the influenza strain name A/Singapore/INFIMH-16-0019/2016 A(H3N2)-like virus, this was the ______ strain isolated in 2016 in this region

19th

For naming purposes, which form of influenza would be characterized by the types of H and N spikes found on its surface?

A

Which of the following characteristics of life are present in viruses?

Ability to evolve over time

Which of the following is a challenge in developing an annual influenza vaccine?

All of the answer choices are challenges in creating an annual influenza vaccine. (Influenza evolves rapidly, It takes six months to develop the vaccine, There are many strains of influenza.)

Which of the following statements explains the relationship between mutations and natural selection?

All of the answer choices describe the relationship between mutations and evolution.

Which protein structures on the SARS-CoV2 virus identify host cells?

S (spike proteins)

Wallace shared his ideas with Darwin, which led to the book, On the Origin of Species. Wallace contributed his biogeographical studies of the __________.

South Pacific Islands

When two different forms of a virus infect the same cell, the host cell may manufacture viral particles from both viruses to reassemble them into a new form of virus. This process is called __________.

antigenic shift

The SARS-CoV 2 virus enters host cells by

attaching to ACE2 receptors.

Structures that are passed on from a common ancestor, such as the bone structure of a limb, are called ______ structures. Structures that have the same function but evolved independently, such as wings of bats and birds, are called ______ structures.

homologous; analogous

The most common flu vaccine is called a trivalent vaccine because

it contains three different strains of inactivated viruses.

The cycle of viral infection that will rapidly result in the death of a bacterial cell is called the ______ cycle.

lytic

Evolution is described as the change in heritable traits of a(n) __________ over a period of time.

population

In most organisms, the flow of information is from

DNA, RNA, then protein.

What is the correct sequence of events in viral reproduction?

Attachment, penetration, biosynthesis, maturation and release

Which of these best describes a virus?

A nonliving complex of RNA or DNA protected by a protein coat

A certain species of butterfly varies in color from white to dark blue. The birds found in the same area feed on the white or lightly colored butterflies, leaving butterflies that are darkly colored. This is an example of what type of selection?

Directional selection

All viruses are made up of two components. These components are

a protein capsid and genetic material, in the form of either RNA or DNA.

In the early 1800s, prior to Darwin and Wallace, the common beliefs of the time were

all of the above (that all species were created when the earth was young, that the earth was young., that species did not change over time.)

In the history of life on earth, which organisms evolved first?

prokaryotic organisms