BIO 109 ch 9
a specific antigen
A specific antibody will bind to __________.
destruction of cytokines
Activation of a B cell leads to all of the following, EXCEPT __________.
antibodies
All of the following are involved in the inflammatory response EXCEPT
antibodies
All of the following represent physical and/or chemical barriers that form the body's first line of defense against pathogens EXCEPT which one?
the immune system fails to recognize "self" cells
Autoimmune disorders occur when __________.
bone marrow
B lymphocytes mature in the ________.
prokaryotic
Bacteria are classified as ________ cells because they do not have a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles.
antibiotics
Bacterial infections are generally treated with ________.
T
Cell-mediated immunity involves the activity of ________ lymphocytes.
presence of membrane-bound organelles
Characteristics of bacteria include all of the following, EXCEPT __________.
pyrogens
Chemicals released by macrophages that cause the onset of a fever are called ________.
antibiotics
Drugs that kill or inhibit bacteria are known as ________.
autoimmunity
Each of the following processes helps combat infection, EXCEPT __________.
macrophages; pyrogens
Fever is caused when __________ release __________.
basophil: secretes histamime
In which of the following choices is the cell correctly matched with its function?
bacterial cells use ATP to fuel cellular activities
In which of the following ways are bacterial cells similar to human cells?
pathogens
Living, and some non-living, entities that cause disease are called __________.
contain one-way valves to prevent the backflow of fluids
Lymphatic vessels are similar to veins in that they both __________.
involves the administration of performed antibodies
Passive immunity differs from active immunity in that passive immunity
having keratin in the uppermost layer
Skin is able to prevent most microorganisms from entering the body by
utilize B cells and T cells
Specific defense mechanisms differ from nonspecific defense mechanisms in that only specific mechanisms __________.
if exposed to an antigen a second time, they quickly become plasma cells
The advantage of having memory cells in specific defenses is that
false
The best way to reduce bacterial pathogens in the blood stream is to reduce a fever as quickly as possible.
cytotoxic
The only T lymphocyte that directly attacks and destroys other cells is the ________ T cell.
less effective than the secondary immune response
The primary immune response is __________.
mast cells
The release of chemicals from injured cells triggers histamine release from
removes damaged red blood cells from circulation
The spleen __________.
true
The thymus gland, which is responsible for the development of T cells, stops growing during adolescence and shrinks as one grows into adulthood.
they are all apart of the first line of defense
What do lysozyme, keratin, and mucus have in common?
viruses and bacteria both contain genetic material
When comparing viruses and bacteria, which one of the following statements is CORRECT?
IgE
Which of the following classes of antibodies activates the inflammatory response by causing the release of histamine?
they filter lymph fluid, trapping microorganisms and abnormal cells
Which of the following is TRUE regarding lymph nodes?
cell-mediated immunity
Which of the following is associated with the specific defenses of the body?
eosinophils
Which of the following leukocytes is most likely to be directly involved in the destruction of flukes (a parasitic flatworm)?
natural killer cells
Which of the following leukocytes kills its target cells, such as cancer cells or virus-infected cells, by releasing chemicals that break down the target cell membrane?
prions
Which of the following pathogenic agents cause a self-propagating misfolding of proteins in nerve cells?
viruses require a host cell in which to produce
Which of the following statements about viruses is true?
rabies
Which one of the following diseases is caused by a virus?
red pulp of the spleen stores excess blood
Which one of the following is TRUE regarding the spleen?
direct attack of antigen-bearing cells
Which one of the following is characteristic of T lymphocytes but NOT B lymphocytes?
the four polypeptide chains that make up an antibody molecule are linked by disulfied bonds
Which one of the following is correct regarding the structure of an antibody?
lymphocytes
Which one of the following is/are located in the tonsils to filter out many of the microorganisms that enter the throat?
movement of antibodies across the placenta from mother to child
Which one of the following would result in passive immunity?
B lymphocytes
Which one type of cells is responsible for producing and releasing antibodies?
physical or chemical barrier
acidic pH of skin
specific defense mechanism
cytotoxic T cells
physical or chemical barrier
earwax
lymph node
filters microorganisms and cellular debris from lymph
tonsil
filters out microorganisms that enter the throat by food or air
nonspecific defense mechanism
inflammation
non specific defense mechanism
natural killer cells
specific defense mechanism
production of antibodies by plasma cells
nonspecific defense mechanism
release of interferons
specific defense mechanism
release of perforin and granzyme by cytotoxic cells
spleen
removes microorganisms and old red blood cells from the blood
thymus
secretes hormones important in the maturation of T cells
lymphatic vessel
transports lymph in the body
