Bio 109 Chapter 10

bronchi

contain ciliated epithelia, smooth muscle, cartilage

internal respiration

gas exchange btwn blood and tissues

cilia

moves mucus out (cough, swallow or digest)

bronchioles

smaller branches, lack cartilage

asthma

spasmodic contraction of bronchi

Mucus in the nasal cavity functions to __________.

trap dust and pathogens in incoming air

pulmonary capillaries

allow blood to come into close proximity with air in alveoli

emphysema

alveoli permanently impaired, can't exhale gases, smaller airways collapse due to lost elasticity

Gas exchange between inhaled air and the blood is accomplished by the __________ and the __________.

alveoli; pulmonary capillaries

cystic fibrosis

an inherited condition, abnormally thick mucas in lungs impedes air flow

Burning of carbon-based fuels can produce which one of the following, an odorless gas that competes with oxygen for binding to hemoglobin.

carbon monoxide

mesothelioma

deadly cancer of lining of lungs, heart, and abdomen

Unlike capillaries in the systemic circuit, in the pulmonary circuit, __________ blood enters the capillaries from the arterioles and __________ blood leaves the capillaries for the venules.

deoxygenated; oxygenated

During the ingestion of food or liquid, which one of the following tips to block the opening to the trachea?

epiglottis

external respiration

gas exchange btwn air and blood in lungs

congestive heart failure

heart becomes a less efficient pump; failure of left side of heart, blood pressure increases within pulmonary capillaries, fluid build up occurs in pulmonary spaces and alveoli

bronchitis

inflammation of bronchi

Which of the following lists the order of structures through which air will pass during inspiration?

nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli

cellular respiration

oxygen use to produce ATP, carbon dioxide as waste

Most of the carbon dioxide released by cells is transported in the venous supply in what form?

soluble bicarbonate ion

alveoli

tiny air-filled sacs clustered at end of terminal bronchioles

trachea

transports air to and from lungs, cough reflex

Oxygen-rich blood flows through the heart

via the left atrium and ventricle before entering the systemic circuit

The maximal volume of air that can be exhaled after a maximal inhalation is the __________.

vital capacity

residual volume

volume of air remaining in the lungs, even after a forceful maximal expiration

expiratory reserve volume

volume of air that can be forcibly exhaled beyond the tidal volume

inspiratory reserve volume

volume of air that can be inhaled beyond the tidal volume

tidal volume

volume of air that remains in the airways and doesn't participate in gas exchanges