bio 115

If you were explaining long bone formation to a friend who does not understand the process, which of the following would you likely include in your explanation?

Blood vessels penetrate the hyaline cartilage and deliver osteoblasts, which lay down bone material.

Which of the following is a similarity between long bones and short bones?

Both are found only in the appendicular skeleton.

A long bone consists of a shaft, or _____, and a(n) _____ at each end.

Diaphysis, epiphysis

If your instructor asked you to list the bones of the lower limb, from thigh to foot, which of the following would be the correct order?

Femur, patella, tibia and fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges

In the process of bone repair, _____ penetrate the area and build a callus that bridges the broken bone.

Fibroblasts

If you were explaining the shapes of the various types of bones, which of the following would you include in your explanation?

Sesamoid bones are small and round.

Which of the following is true of short bones?

Short bones are cube-shaped, being approximately equal in length, width, and thickness.

Which of the following is a flat bone?

Sternum

If you were explaining the structure of synovial joints to a friend, which of the following might you say?

Synovial joints are characterized by the presence of an articular capsule between the two joined bones, often supported by surrounding ligaments.

The humerus articulates with all of the following except

The clavicle.

All of the following are part of the pelvic girdle except

The coccyx.

Which of the following is a muscle of the shoulder girdle?

The coracobrachialis

If you were explaining how the various types of bones provide protection to other body structures, your explanation might include all of the following except

The cranial bones are sesamoid bones that protect the brain.

All of the following are synovial joints except

The distal joint between the tibia and fibula.

Which of the following accurately compares the male and female pelvis?

The female pelvic brim is larger and wider than the male pelvic brim.

How does the female's thoracic cage differ from that of the male?

The female's thoracic cage has a lesser capacity, and the sternum is shorter and higher.

All of the following are foramina of the skull except

The foramen minimal.

All of the following are key landmarks of the temporal bone except

The foramen ovale.

If you were explaining the purpose of the foramina of the skull to a friend, which of the following would you likely include in your explanation?

The foramina are holes that allow for the passage of blood vessels, nerves, and the spinal cord.

As people age, degeneration of the articular cartilage is most common in all of the following joints except

The intervertebral joints.

Which of the following is an example of a synchrondosis joint?

The joint between the first pair of ribs and the sternum

All of the following are bones of the lower limb except

The metacarpals.

If you were explaining sutures to a friend who is unfamiliar with this type of joint, you should include all of the following points except

The most prominent suture is the joint connecting the mandible to the temporal bone.

Which of the following is a difference between the shoulder girdle and pelvic girdle?

The pelvic girdle is rigid, whereas the shoulder girdle is light and capable of great mobility.

Which of the following accurately compares the radius and ulna?

The radius is smaller and thinner than the ulna.

All of the following are similarities between the radius in the forearm and the fibula in the leg except

The radius is the longest bone in the arm, and the fibula is the longest bone in the leg.

Which of the following is a way that joints can be classified?

The range of movement provided

If you were to explain why the skeletal muscles play an important role in bone stabilization in the shoulder girdle, which of the following would you likely say?

The shoulder girdle's only connection with the rest of the skeleton is between the clavicle and manubrium, so it relies on muscles to support and position it correctly.

If your instructor asked you to list the distal and proximal carpal bones, which of the following would be an accurate list?

The trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, and hamate are distal carpal bones, whereas the scaphoid, lunate, triquetral, and pisiform are proximal carpal bones.

All of the following are tarsal bones except

The triquetral.

If a friend asked you to explain the function of specific flat bones, your explanation might include all of the following except

The vertebrae protect the spinal cord.

If your friend asked you to explain the ligaments of the spine that support and reinforce the joints of the vertebral column, your explanation might include all of the following points except

The vertebral bodies are connected by the alar ligaments and the transverse ligament of the atlas.

Which of the following is a similarity between the carpal joints and the tarsal joints?

They are both gliding joints.

Which of the following statements accurately compares two types of fractures?

A greenstick fracture is a partial break, whereas a comminuted fracture occurs when a bone is crushed into three or more pieces.

If you were explaining to a friend how the wrist joint moves, you would include all of the following motions in your explanation except

Abduction.

From superior to inferior, which of the following lists the sections of the vertebral column in the correct order?

Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral

The joint between the radius and the carpal bones is an example of a _____ joint.

Condyloid

Which of the following is an accurate comparison between flat bones and long bones?

Flat bones protect internal organs, whereas long bones absorb stress and support body weight.

Which of the following motions are associated with hinge joints?

Flexion and extension

If your instructor asked you to list the cranial bones from anterior to posterior, which of the following would be correct?

Frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, parietal, temporal, occipital

If a friend asked you to explain the different types of synarthroses, which of the following might be included in your explanation?

Gomphoses are immovable fibrous joints between the teeth and the mandible or maxilla.

Carpal tunnel syndrome occurs when

Inflammation of the synovial membranes surrounding the flexor tendons compress the median nerve.

The tibia and fibula are _____ bones.

Long

If you were giving an oral report on the functions of long bones, which of the following would you likely include?

Long bones support the weight of the body and facilitate movement.

If you were explaining osteoarthritis to a friend who does not understand this condition, which of the following would you likely include in your explanation?

Osteoartritis occurs when articular cartilage degenerates, causing pain and inflammation.

Which of the following accurately compares the different types of bone cells?

Osteoblasts synthesize bone matrix, osteoclasts break down bone matrix, and osteocytes maintain bone tissue structure.

During long bone formation, _____ lay down bone material, replacing _____.

Osteoblasts, hyaline cartilage

If you were explaining flat bone formation to a friend who does not understand the process, all of the following would likely be included in your explanation except

Osteoclasts cluster together, secrete bone matrix, and develop into osteocytes.

Which of the cranial bones is connected to all four major skull sutures?

Parietal bones

All of the following are types of bones in the skeleton except

Regular bones

Intervertebral discs are fibrocartilaginous pads that connect the vertebrae, also known as

Symphyses

An immobile joint is also known as a _____ joint.

Synarthrosis

If your instructor asked you to list the ligaments that stabilize the knee joint, you should include all of the following except

The annular ligament.

The vertebral column consists of all of the following except

The hyoid.

If you were giving an oral report on the arches of the foot, you would include all of the following points except

The transverse arch runs from the calcaneus to the heads of the metatarsals.

If your instructor asked you to compare the structure of the upper and lower extremities, which of the following might you say?

The upper and lower extremities have a similar structure, with a large bone articulating with two smaller bones via a joint.

Which of the following bones varies in shape and structure?

Vertebrae

Which of the following statements accurately compares yellow and red bone marrow?

Yellow bone marrow consists mostly of fat, whereas red bone marrow contains blood cells.

Which of the following most accurately distinguishes ball-and-socket joints from other types of synovial joints?

Ball-and-socket joints have the greatest range of motion.

Which of the following explains the difference between the structure of compact bone and spongy bone?

Compact bone tissue is made up of structural units called osteons, whereas spongy bone tissue is made up of a lattice of struts called trabeculae.

Which of the following lists the layers of a long bone from exterior to interior?

Compact bone, spongy bone, medullary cavity, bone marrow

Which of the following accurately compares endochondral ossification and intramembranous ossification?

Endochondral ossification is the process in which hyaline cartilage is replaced with bone and grows, whereas intramembranous ossification is the process of flat bones developing from connective tissue.

How does the sacrum differ in the male and female body?

In the female, the sacrum is shorter and wider than in the male and directed more obliquely backward, increasing the size of the pelvic cavity.

Red bone marrow is found in all of the following except

In the medullary cavity of long bones.

The formation of flat bone from connective tissue occurs through the process of

Intramembranous ossification.

The pelvic bones are _____ bones.

Irregular

If you were giving an oral report on the structure and functions of irregular bones, your report should include all of the following except

Irregular bones are small and round and embedded in tendons.

Which of the following differentiates irregular bones from the other types of bones?

Irregular bones do not have easily characterized shapes.

If you were describing the bones in the hand to a friend, which two types of bones would your description include?

Long and short bones

If you were giving an oral report on bone repair, all of the following would be points in your presentation except

Osteocytes transform the fibrocartilaginous callus into bone.

If a friend asked you to explain osteoporosis, which of the following might be a point you would make?

Osteoporosis is a condition in which overall tissue loss within bones results in bone pain, tenderness, and weakened and brittle bones.

What is the primary role of the arches of the foot?

Shock absorption

Which of the following lists the auditory ossicles, from inner to outer?

Stapes, incus, malleus

Which of the following is a difference between syndesmoses and symphyses?

Syndesmoses are fibrous joints, whereas symphyses are cartilaginous joints.

A _____ is a joint where a ligament connects two bones, allowing for a little movement.

Syndesmosis

Which of the following are short bones?

Tarsals

If you were giving an oral report on the facial skeleton, which of the following details would you likely include?

The 14 bones of the facial skeleton form the entrances to the respiratory and digestive tracts.

If you were explaining the atlas to a friend, you might include all of the following points except

The atlas is the second of the cervical vertebrae.

Which of the following is a type of bone that is present in both the upper and lower limbs?

phalanges

All of the following are long bones except

The carpals

The clavicle articulates with all of the following except

The humerus.

If you were explaining the location of the skull sutures to a friend, you would likely include all of the following except

The sagittal suture is between the temporal and parietal bones.

If your instructor asked you to explain why thumbs are opposable, which of the following might you say?

The thumb's saddle joint lets it cross over the palm, making it opposable.

If you were discussing the characteristics of sesamoid bones, which of the following would you include in your discussion?

They develop inside tendons.

Which of the following is the function of osteocytes?

To maintain bone tissue structure and sense bone health

All of the following are components of an osteon except

Trabeculae.

Which part of the spine includes the atlas and axis?

cervical spine

Which bone is part of the orbit and the nasal septum?

ethmoid

Yellow bone marrow consists mostly of

fat

Which of the following is the longest bone in the body?

femur

Which of the following joints is a ball-and-socket joint?

hip joint

in _____ fractures, one end of a broken bone is driven into the other end.

impacted

Which of the following facial bones is the only movable bone(s) in the skull?

mandible

Which cranial bone is supported by the vertebral column and articulates with the atlas in a way that allows for rotation of the head?

occipital

Compact bone tissue is made up of structural units called

osteons

Which of the following is a sesamoid bone?

patella

All of the following are part of the axial skeleton except

the arm

All of the following are part of the appendicular skeleton except

the neck

Which of the following is a characteristic of sesamoid bones?

they form in tendons

Ribs 1-7 are called _____ ribs because they articulate directly to the sternum.

true