Bio 122 Exam 1 Learning curves

A researcher is measuring atmospheric CO2 levels on cloudy and sunny days. He notices that on sunny days, CO2 levels appear slightly higher compared to levels on cloudy days. This is an example of: a) correlation b) assimilation c) causation d) fluxation e) conjugation

A

Because the products of photosynthesis are used as the reactants of respiration, both processes are considered: a) complementary. b) supplementary. c) tangential. d) symbiotic. e) antagonistic.

A

Many euryarchaeote and crenarchaeote archaeons are _____, or organisms that thrive in high-temperature environments (some in temperatures as high as 122 ° C). a)hyperthermophiles b) non-halophiles c)halophiles d) basophiles e) hypothermophiles f) acidophiles

A

Recall that photosynthetic rates remain relatively constant in regions near the equator. Imagine that tropical environments persisted throughout Earth's northern and southern hemispheres (i.e., Earth's entire climate mirrored that near the equator). If Keeling had collected his atmospheric CO2 data on such an Earth, what would you expect the Keeling Curve to look like? a) a straight line sloping upward (atmospheric CO2 levels would not seasonally oscillate, but would have increased over time) b) a straight line sloping downward (atmospheric CO2 levels would not seasonally oscillate, but would have decreased over time) c) a sinusoidal curve sloping upward (atmospheric CO2 levels would fluctuate seasonally, but would increase over time) d) a sinusoidal curve sloping downward (atmospheric CO2 levels would fluctuate seasonally, but would have decreased over time) e) a straight line without a slope (atmospheric CO2 levels would have remained constant over time.)

A

Which of the following organisms can incorporate atmospheric carbon directly into C6H12O6, thereby playing a major role in a food web? a) primary producers b) consumers c)carnivores d) decomposers e) grazers

A

Which of the following processes is responsible for the changes scientists observed in atmospheric concentrations of 12C, 13C and 14C over the last 200 years? a)the burning of fossil fuels b)volcanism c)subduction d)the clearing of forests e)chemical weathering

A

A researcher is comparing atmospheric CO2 levels in Earth's northern and southern hemispheres during June and August. Since more terrestrial plants are present in the northern hemisphere, what do you expect she will find? a) Atmospheric CO2 measurements will be greater in the northern hemisphere. b)Since atmospheric CO2 measurements represent global amounts, measurements in the northern and southern hemispheres will be (approximately) the same. c) Atmospheric CO2 measurements will be greater in the southern hemisphere

B

Examining the relationship between primary producers, primary consumers, and secondary consumers is one way to track the flow of _____ through a system. a) energy in the form of heat b) energy contained in organic compounds c) energy contained in proteins d) energy contained in fossil fuels.

B

Imagine that a researcher has discovered a 500 million-year old leaf fossil from the Cambrian Period. He notices that the leaf had very few stomata compared to present-day leaves. What does this tell the researcher about atmospheric CO2 levels during the Cambrian Period? a) Atmospheric CO2 levels during the Cambrian Period were equal to present-day levels. b) Atmospheric CO2 levels were higher during the Cambrian Period compared to today. c) Atmospheric CO2 levels were lower during the Cambrian Period compared to today. d) Atmospheric CO2 levels are not correlated with numbers of stomata.

B

The equation CaSiO3 + CO2 → CaCO3 + SiO2 takes into account which of the following processes associated with the long-term carbon cycle? a) volcanism b) chemical weathering c) subduction d) plate tectonics e) bacteria-based oxidation

B

Trout and amoebas are both heterotrophs, and can inhabit similar environments (for example, a freshwater pond). However, these organisms are very different when it comes to their shape and size. Why? a) Trout and amoebas utilize different sources of CO2. b) Trout and amoebas utilize different sources of C6H12O6 (or other organic compounds). c) Trout and amoebas utilize different sources of O2. d) Trout and amoebas have different metabolic pathways. e) Trout and amoebas are exposed to different environmental conditions, even when they inhabit the same pond.

B

A botanist is comparing the metabolic pathways for photosynthesis in cyanobacteria and in redwood trees. What do you expect she will find? a) These two pathways will utilize two chemically different types of chlorophyll. b) These two pathways will demonstrate dramatic differences. c) These two pathways will actually be quite similar, though subtle differences may exist. d) It is impossible to compare metabolic pathways used in bacteria and eukaryotes.

C

Photosynthesis and respiration both play a major role in the _____ carbon cycle, and can affect atmospheric CO2 levels on a seasonal or annual basis. a) long-term b) None of the other answer options is correct. c) short-term

C

The majority of carbon stored in reservoirs is in the form of: a) C6H12O6. b) CO2. c) CaCO3. d) H2CO3. e) CH4.

C

The movement of Earth's crust, plate tectonics, contributes to the long-term carbon cycle through all of the following except: a)subduction. b)mountain lifting. c)photosynthesis. d)volcanic activity. e) None of the other answer options is correct.

C

Of the processes involved in the long-term carbon cycle, which introduces CO2 back into the atmosphere? a) chemical weathering b) respiration c) carbonate precipitation d) volcanism e) photosynthesis

D

Oxygen is used during a reaction if the process is: a) anoxygenic. b) anaerobic. c) oxygenic. d) aerobic.

D

Which of the following elements are cycled, due in part to the actions of archaeons and bacteria? a) carbon b) sulfur c) nitrogen d) All of these elements are cycled.

D

Which of the following statements is true regarding chemical weathering? a) It relies on the acid SiO2. b) It releases CO2 into the atmosphere. c) It plays a major role in the short-term carbon cycle. d) It contributes to the accumulation of CaCO3 in oceans. e) It relies on bacteria to break down rocks.

D

Which of the following statements is true regarding the carbon cycle? a)It cycles both carbon and H2O. b)It evolved before plants appeared on Earth. c)It was based on microbes during the early stages of Earth's history. d) It involves both long- and short-term processes. e) All of these statements regarding the carbon cycle are true.

E

_____ results in the oxidation of NH3 to form NO3-, and _____ results in the reduction of NO3- to form N2. a)Anammox; nitrogen fixation b) Nitrogen fixation; anammox c) Denitrification; nitrification d) Denitrification; nitrogen fixation e) Nitrification; denitrification f) Nitrification; nitrogen fixation

E

A researcher is studying a specific strain of bacteria. In one of her cultures, she notices that the bacteria are antibiotic-resistant. As there are no genes in the chromosome that could confer antibiotic-resistance in these bacteria, the researcher assumes this is the result of a spontaneous mutation. What is another possible explanation? a)A gene conferring antibiotic resistance is present on plasmids. b)A gene conferring antibiotic resistance is present on peptidoglycans. c)A gene conferring antibiotic resistance is present on ribosomes. d) A gene conferring antibiotic resistance is present on mitochondria.

a

Which of the following relationships best depicts the amount of carbon stored in the atmosphere, sedimentary rocks, living organisms, and soil? a) sedimentary rocks < soil < living organisms < the atmosphere b) soil < the atmosphere < sedimentary rocks < living organisms c) the atmosphere < soil < living organisms < sedimentary rocks d) living organisms < the atmosphere < soil < sedimentary rocks e) soil < living organisms < sedimentary rocks < the atmosphere

d

If researchers never evaluated the amount of 14C in the atmosphere, they could still use 13C levels to demonstrate causation between human activities and increased atmospheric CO2. true false

false

Increased rate of photosynthesis is the most likely explanation as to why atmospheric CO2 levels appear lowest during glacial periods of Earth's history. true false

false

Conjugation is a type of horizontal gene transfer that relies on a structure known as a pilus to bring two cells into close enough contact to transfer genetic material. true false

true

Instead of being isolated by pure culture, SAR11 was discovered when researchers analyzed the gene sequences contained within seawater samples. true false

true

The ocean, much like the atmosphere, can serve as a sink for man-made CO2. In fact, both Earth's atmosphere and the ocean store roughly equal amounts of man-made CO2. true false

true

Wolbachia belongs to the Proteobacteria group. true false

true