BIO 180 HW #2 Exam 2

Rough ER, Smooth ER

These two organelle both form vesicles that travel to other parts of the cell. What are these two organelles?

False (CO2 most easily through the Lipid bilayer)

Carbon Dioxide does not move easily through the lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane True/False

Endosymbiosis

- host cell ingests aerobic bacteria - undigested aerobic bacteria evolved into mitochondria - ancestral heterotrophic eukaryote - host cell ingests aerobic bacteria - undigested aerobic bacteria evolves into mitochondria - host cell then ingests cyanobacteria (photosynthetic eukaryotic cell) - undigested cyanobacteria evolves into chloroplast - ancestral photosynthetic eukaryote This process is called ____

Surface

Hydrophilic Contains Phosphate This describes the (interior/surface) of the lipid bilayer

faster

Diffusion happens (faster/slower) when the molecules are diffusing through low density liquid and when the molecules that are trying to diffuse are smaller

aerobic protobacteria

Endosymbiotic Theory states that an ancestral Eukaryotic cell engulfed an ___ ___

Interior

Hydrophobic Fatty Acid chains Repels Polar molecules This describes the (interior/surface) of the lipid bilayer

a.) hydrophobic interactions

How are biological membranes held together? a.) hydrophobic interactions b.) covalently bonds c.) gravity d.) peptide bonds

c.) In the nucleus, DNA is transcribed to mRNA, which the ribosomes use as instructions to synthesize a specific protein.

How do the nucleus and ribosomes work together to generate a protein? a.) Ribosomes produce mRNA that migrates into the nucleus and uses a gene in the DNA as instructions to synthesize a specific protein. b.) Ribosomes migrate into the nucleus, attach to a gene in the DNA, and use the gene as a transcript to synthesize a specific protein. c.) In the nucleus, DNA is transcribed to mRNA, which the ribosomes use as instructions to synthesize a specific protein. d.) The segment of DNA that contains a gene leaves the nucleus and is used by the ribosomes as instructions to synthesize a protein.

Smooth ER

Major function is to synthesize lipids What organelle is this?

Rough ER

Major function is to synthesize proteins What organelle is this?

True

NaCl (sodium chloride), potassium ions, Amino Acids, and glucose need help from a protein to cross the membrane because they are repelled by the lipid bilayer true/false

a.) pinocytosis

One way that cells engulf material from the environment is by ingesting solutes in the aqueous environment and enclosing them in intracellular vesicles. What is the name of this method of ingestion? a.) pinocytosis b.) exocytosis c.) transcytosis d.) phagocytosis

False

Phospholipids in the membrane are covalently bonded to each other. True/False

e.) (ribosome), d.) (rough ER), a.) (transport vesicle), c.) (golgi), a.) (transport vesicle), b.) (plasma membrane)

Place the cell structures into the correct order for secretory protein synthesis and export from the cell. That is, once a secretory protein is made, what path will it follow as it is released from the cell? One structure will be placed twice. 1.) Protein Synthesis __ 2.) Protein Modification __ 3.) Protein transport between organelles __ 4.) Protein modification and "packaging" for secretion __ 5.) Protein transport to Plasma Membrane __ 6.) Protein export from the cell Each step matches with each of the following letters/organelles, one will be used twice (just give the letter in the correct order) a.) transport vesicle b.) plasma membrane c.) golgi d.) rough ER e.) ribosome

a.) phagocytosis

Specialized cells can identify specific targets for ingestion and engulf proteins, debris, and other cells. What is the term for the cellular ingestion of large particles or cells? a.) phagocytosis b.) pinocytosis c.) transcytosis d.) exocytosis

uniport

Transport proteins allow the movement of ions and small molecules across plasma membranes. Identify the type of transport protein from each example as uniporter, symporter, or antiporter. A protein allows glucose to flow into a cell down its concentration gradient. Is this uniport, simport or antiport

antiport

Transport proteins allow the movement of ions and small molecules across plasma membranes. Identify the type of transport protein from each example as uniporter, symporter, or antiporter. A protein moves one Cl- out of the cell and one HCO3- into the cell. Is this uniport, simport or antiport

symport

Transport proteins allow the movement of ions and small molecules across plasma membranes. Identify the type of transport protein from each example as uniporter, symporter, or antiporter. A protein moves two Na ions into the cell with one glucose molecule. Is this uniport, simport or antiport

Endocytosis

What is the primary method of transporting large molecules into/out of the cell?

Golgi

What organelle is sometimes called the "post office" - does not synthesize proteins or lipids

Bound (Ribosomes)

Which type of ribosome can synthesize proteins that will be modified and sent out of the cell?

a.) hydrophilic head groups oriented toward the solvent (extracellular fluid and cytosol) and hydrophobic tail groups pointing inward.

[Biological membranes are present in all cells, and they make up the endomembrane system of eukaryotic cells. They have many functions, including acting as barriers that selectively allow the transport of small molecules and ions into and out of the cell or organelle.] A biological membrane is a bilayer that contains lipids with a.) hydrophilic head groups oriented toward the solvent (extracellular fluid and cytosol) and hydrophobic tail groups pointing inward. b.) hydrophilic head groups pointing inward and hydrophobic tail groups oriented toward the solvent (extracellular fluid and cytosol). c.) hydrophobic head groups oriented toward the solvent (extracellular fluid and cytosol) and hydrophilic tail groups pointing inward.