BIO 181- Molecules Questions
functional groups are found at the N-terminus and the C-terminus of a polypeptide?
-a carboxyl group is at the C-terminus -an amino at group is at the N-terminus
Which of the following are examples of hydrolysis
1) A sugar is broken down into fructose and glucose molecules 2)a strand of DNA is broken down individual nucleotides
which of the following are examples of hydrolysis reaction?
1) a sugar is broken down into fructose and glucose molecules 2)a strand of DNA is broken down into individual nucleotides
the three chemical elements that are found in all carbohydrates are ____________,_________ and ____________
1) carbon 2)hydrogen 3)oxygen
Type fo carbohydrate with the number of sugar monomers it contains: 1)monosaccharide 2)Disaccharide 3)Polysaccharide
1) one monomer 2)two monomers 3)many monomers
which of the following are examples of dehydration synthesis reaction?
1) several monosaccharides combine to form a polysaccharide 2) amino acids combine to form a long chain called a polypeptide
Why do phospholipids arrange into bilayers?
1)The hydrophilic ends attract water while the hydrophobic ends exclude water 2)the bilayer is the most energetically favorable arrangement in aqueous solutions
Categories of macromolecules
1)carbohydrate 2)lipids 3)proteins 4)nucleic acids
What is a fatty acid?
A chain of carbon and hydrogen atoms with a carboxyl group at one end
Triglycerides contain long fatty acid chains that can be metabolized to make
ATP
function of: cellulose
Cell wall of plants
Phospholipid description
Composed of glycerol, two fatty acids, a phosphate group
Monomers, such as amino acids combine to polymers in a process know as _________ reactions
Dehydration
During the synthesis of triglyceride, what is attached to glycerol in each dehydration reaction?
Fatty acid
Steroid description
Four fussed rings of carbon atoms attached to one or more hydroxyl groups
Which sugar monomer forms the polysaccharides starch, cellulose, and glycogen?
Glucose
Triglyceride description
Glycerol linked to three fattty acids
Which polysaccharides are used for energy storage in cells?
Glycogen and starch
Lipids are non polar molecules that are:
Insoluble in water
__________ are small molecules that are linked together to form polymers, such as proteins, polysaccharides and nucleic acids
Monomers
What type of organic molecule can assume both linear or ring form?
Monosaccharide
Polysaccharides can be hydrolyzed in the presence of water. what is the product of this reaction?
Monosaccharides
what type of monomers are combined to form carbohydrates?
Monosaccharides
When many monosaccharides are linked together to form polymers, the polymers are called _____________
Polysaccharides
What is the function of the polysaccharides cellulose, chitin and glycosaminoglycan?
Provides structural support for cell and organisms
What type of lipid contain rings structures?
Steroids
correct name for dat molecules, one of the major classes of lipids?
Triglycerides
Major classes of lipids
Triglycerides phospholipids waxes steroids
Wax description
Very long hydrocarbon chain
describes the chemical structure of a typical amino acid found in a protein
a central carbon atom is bound to an amino group, carboxyl group, a side chain, a hydrogen atom
Phospholipid molecule consists of:
a head that is polar and hydrophilic, and two tails that are non polar and hydrophobic
the process by which monomers combine to form polymers in called _____________ reaction, whereas the reversible process by which a ploymer is broken down into monomers is called __________ reaction
a)dehydration b)hydrolysis
In a phospholipid the __________ regions of the phospholipids face water and the _______ region face the membrane away from the water
a)poplar b)non polar
Proteins are made up of chains of _________ acids
amino
a free ____ group if found at the N-terminus of a protein and a free __ group is found at the c-terminus
amino carboxyl
What are the four elements found in all proteins?
carbon hydrogen nitrogen oxygen
Lipids are composed primarily of the elements
carbon and hydrogen
Waxes function:
create a barrier to water loss
proteins are made by ______ reactions, in which water is removed as amino acids are linked together to form polypeptides
dehydration
Function of: glycogen
energy storage in animals
Function of: Starch
energy storage in plants
Function of: chitin
exoskeleton of insects, and crustaceans and the cell walls of fungi
Function of: Glycosaminoglycan
extracellular matrix and cartilage of animals
Steroids function:
form hormones important in reproduction
Phospholipid consists of a
glycerol attached to two fatty acids and phosphate group
Fats, or triglycerides are composed of:
glycerol covalently bound to three fatty acids
The covalent bond formed between two monosaccharides by a dehydration reaction is called ____________ linkage
glycosidic
A sugar being broken down into glucose and galactose is an example of an _______________ reaction
hydrolysis
what type of bond forms between two amino acids during dehydration synthesis?
peptide bond
Polar hydrophilic region of a phospholipid molecule
phosphate group charged nitrogen-containing region glycerol backbone
Phospholipids function:
plasma membrane structure
____________ are large molecules made from smaller organic molecules
polymers
How are monomers and polymers related to one another
polymers are large macromolecules composed of many consumers linked together
a protein is composed of one or more
polypeptides
What are two possible shapes formed by monosaccharides such as glucose?
ring, linear
three major structural components of an amino acid?
side chain carboxyl group amino group
in a peptide bond, which parts of the two amino acids are joined together?
the amino group of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of the other
region of a phospholipid bilayer face water and which face the interior of the membrane away from water ?
the polar region face water, and the non polar region face the interior