Bio 190 A: Chapter 1 Pre Lecuture

How does a theory differs from a hypothesis?

A theory is supported by a large body of evidence

Select the domains that contain prokaryotic microorganisms.

Archaea and Bacteria

Arrange the levels of biological organization according to size, from the smallest (at the top) to the largest (at the bottom).

Atom Molecule Macromolecule Cell Tissue

What is biological evolution?

Change in population of organisms over time

Which of the following serves as the genetic material of all living things?

DNA

All living organisms contain genetic material that is composed of __________

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

Genes govern the characteristics of an organism. Each gene is a short segment of a(n):

DNA molecule

How is discovery-based science conducted?

Data are collected and analyzed without a pre-conceived hypothesis

The process of collecting and analyzing data without a preconceived hypothesis is referred to as a _______.

Discovery

Eukaryotes are found in the domain _________.

Eukarya

Which domain of life contains eukaryotic organisms?

Eukarya

Which domain of life includes organisms that have large cells with internal compartments specialized for particular functions?

Eukarya

The phenomenon of populations of organisms changing from generation to generation is known as biological _________

Evolution

Science involves which of the following?

Experimental investigation Theoretical explanation Observation

Living cells and organisms regulate their cells and bodies to maintain stable internal conditions such as body temperature. The process is called?

Homeostasis

Evolutionary changes occur by what two mechanisms?

Horizontal gene transfer and Vertical descent with mutation

Experiments are designed to test specific predictions based on one or more _______, which are proposed explanations for observations.

Hypothesis

When scientific names are written, both the genus and species should be __________, and the first letters of the genus name should be ______.

Italicized; capitalized

In biology, the word "theory" is used to mean

Knowledge

Changes that occur as a result of evolution often involve the

Modification of pre-existing structures for a new function.

Molecular biology

Molecules and macromolecules

An organism that consists of many cells is called a(n) ______ organism.

Multicellular

What is the proper way to represent the scientific name of a mouse?

Mus musculus (remember all italicized)

Select all the characteristics of a scientific hypothesis.

Must make predictions Should be falsifiable (if incorrect)

Changes in the frequency of beneficial mutations over generations is called?

Natural selection

What is a key feature of reproduction?

Offspring resembles their parents

Lost the levels of organization seen in living organisms, beginning with the smallest level at the top.

Organ Organism Population Community Ecosystem Biosphere

Anatomy and Physiology

Organisms

Who evaluates a potential scientific publication?

Other experts in the area

Before publication, scientific report undergoes the ________-review process.

Peer

Ecology

Populations, communities, and ecosystems

Researched design and conduct experiments in order to test which of the following?

Predictions

A key feature of ______ is that offspring resembles their parents

Reproduction

Which process directly sustains life from one generation to the next?

Reproduction

Which of the following are characteristics of all living things?

Response to the environment Energy use and metabolism Growth and development Cell(s) and organization Biological evolution

The observation, identification, experimental investigation, and theoretical explanation of natural phenomenon can be defined as

Science

Select all the characteristics of a scientific hypothesis

Should be falsifiable (if incorrect) Must make predictions

The grouping of species for purposes of classification is called?

Taxonomy

What is homeostasis?

The ability of organisms to maintain relatively stable internal conditions

What is taxonomy?

The classification and groupings of organisms

The diversity of life forms that exist on Earth is due to

The large variety of environments found on Earth

Cell biology

The study of cells

What is biology?

The study of life

Ecology

The study of organisms in their natural environments

Physiology

The study of the functions of plants and animals

Molecular biology

The study of the molecules and macromolecules within cells

Anatomy

The study of the structures of plants and animals

T/F: All living organisms are capable of interacting with their environment

True

T/F: Diverse functions of life have evolved to prosper in the different environments the Earth has to offer.

True

T/F: Evolutionary changes frequently involve the modification of pre-existing structures for a new function.

True

The fact that all forms of life display a common set of characteristics describes the ________ of life.

Unity

How do new species evolve from pre-existing species in the mechanism known as vertical evolution?

Via accumulation of mutations

Prokaryotes are found in two domains: _____ and ______

bacteria; archaea

How are new cells produced?

by division of pre-existing cells

What is the smallest unit of life?

cell

Cell biology

cells

The smallest entity that can be considered a living organism is the

cells

The unity of common traits is rooted in the phenomenon of _______

evolution of pre-existing ancestors

Segments of DNA that govern the characteristics of an organism are called?

genes

Characteristics shared by all living things

genetic material composed of DNA ability to maintain homeostasis ability to interact with the environment ability to respond to a stimulus

When scientific names are written, both the genus and species should be _______, and the first letter of genus name should be _________.

italicized; capitalized

Consider a mutation that alters an organism's traits so that it increases the likelihood of survival and reproduction of the organism. Such a mutation may become more common in the population over time due to a process called _______ _________.

natural selection

Unicellular organisms are composed of _______, while multicellular organisms are composed of _______

once cell; many cells

The cell theory states that new cells come from

pre-existing cells

A hypothesis must make _______ that can be tested, and a hypothesis must be ______, which means it can be shown to be incorrect.

predictions; falsifiable

The process by which offspring are generated is called

reproduction

In order to survive, al living things must be able to interact with

their environment

Eukarya

unicellular or multicellular eukaryotes

Bacteria

unicellular prokaryotes found in many environments on Earth

Archaea

unicellular prokaryotes that typically inhabit extreme environments, such as hot springs

The two mechanisms that lead to evolutionary change are ________ descent with modification/mutation and ________ gene transfer.

vertical; horizontal