Bio 201 - Chapter 6
formed substance: above, greater than: small: below, less than: same: eat: leaf:
-plasm hyper- micro- hypo- sym- phago- -phyll
Which of these structures stores, modifies, and packages products?
A
Choose the letter that indicates the organelle that contains most of a cell's DNA.
C
The structure that regulates the passage of material into and out of this bacterial cell is indicated by the letter _____.
C (plasma membrane)
Which of the following is false in respect to cells' chromosomes?
Chromosomes are only visible as a cell is about to divide. (true: Chromosomes contain DNA and proteins, Chromosomes are present throughout a cell's reproductive cycle, Chromosomes exist even when cells are not actively synthesizing proteins)
Which statement about the cytoskeleton is true?
Components of the cytoskeleton often mediate the movement of organelles within the cytoplasm.
The DNA-containing region of this bacterial cell is indicated by the letter _____.
D
Which of these provides the cell with structural support?
D
Which of these is the double membrane that encloses the nucleus?
E
In terms of cellular function, what is the most important difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Eukaryotic cells are compartmentalized, which allows for specialization.
Which statement about extracellular structures (plant cell walls and the extracellular matrix of animal cells) is correct?
Information can be transmitted from these extracellular structures to the cytoplasm.
Cilia and flagella move due to the interaction of the cytoskeleton with which of the following?
Motor proteins
Which of the following functions is NOT associated with the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells?
Movement of RNA molecules from the nucleus to the cytoplasm
Which of the following is present in a prokaryotic cell?
Ribosomes
Which of the following groups is primarily involved in synthesizing molecules needed by the cell?
Ribosomes, rough endoplasmic reticulum, and smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Where is calcium stored?
Smooth ER
Your intestine is lined with individual cells. No fluids leak between these cells from the gut into your body. Why?
The intestinal cells are bound together by tight junctions.
The extracellular matrix of the animal cell has all of the following molecular components except __________.
a middle lamella (includes collagen, proteoglycans, fibronectin, integrins)
Which of the following correctly matches an organelle with its function?
central vacuole with storage
Bacterial cells are prokaryotic. Unlike a typical eukaryotic cell they __________.
have no membrane-bounded organelles in their cytoplasm
The walls of plant cells are largely composed of polysaccharides and proteins that are synthesized __________.
in the rough endoplasmic reticulum and in the Golgi apparatus
Many cell organelles, most notably the nucleus, are anchored by ---- which are assembled from a diverse class of proteins.
intermediate filaments
Which of the following has the job of breaking down materials?
lysosome
Which organelle plays a role in intracellular digestion?
lysosome
eukaryotic only structures
lysosome, mitochondria, nucleolus
Which structure is common to plant and animal cells?
mitochondrion
golgi apparatus
modifies and packages proteins
The region of a bacterial cell that contains the genetic material is called the __________.
nucleoid
prokaryotic only structures
nucleoid
Where is a bacterial cell's DNA found?
nucleoid region
Ribosomal subunits are manufactured by the _____.
nucleolus
Cells are small because __________.
of the geometric relationships between surface and volume
Which of these organelles produces H2O2 as a by-product?
peroxisome
__________ are membrane-bound metabolic compartments that specialize in the production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and its conversion to water.
peroxisomes
The _____ is a selective barrier, regulating the passage of material into and out of the cell.
plasma membrane
The _____ is the bacterial structure that acts as a selective barrier, allowing nutrients to enter the cell and wastes to leave the cell.
plasma membrane
Dye injected into a plant cell might be able to enter an adjacent cell through __________.
plasmodesmata
mitochondrion
produces chemical energy (ATP) that can power the cell
What is a function of a bacterium's capsule?
protection
central vacuole
regulates cytoplasm composition, creates internal pressure, and stores cell compounds
Tay-Sachs disease is a human genetic disorder that results in cellular accumulation of very large, complex, undigested lipids. Which of the following organelles is most likely defective in Tay-Sachs disease?
the lysosome
Beginning within the nucleus, the first step leading to the synthesis of a polypeptide is _____
transferring of information from DNA to messenger RNA
Which one of the following statements about the endomembrane system is correct?
Proteins that will be secreted from the cell are likely to be found in closed spaces bounded by membranes of the endomembrane system.
water: between: two: body: little, small: color: across:
aqua- inter- bi- -some -elle chrom- trans-
Which of the following is prokaryotic?
bacteria
_____ is/are identical in structure to centrioles.
basal bodies
Which of the following is a common trait of chloroplasts and mitochondria?
both contain their own DNA
What name is given to the rigid structure, found outside the plasma membrane, that surrounds and supports the bacterial cell?
cell wall
The organelle that is a plant cell's compartment for the storage of inorganic ions such as potassium and chloride is the __________.
central vacuole
animal cell only
centriole
Animal cells have unique organelles called __________ that are composed of structures called __________.
centrosomes; centrioles
Which of the following is the smallest biological structure that would most likely be visible with a standard research-grade light microscope?
chloroplast
plant cell only
chloroplast, cellulose cell wall, central vacuole
The _____ is composed of DNA and protein.
chromatin
Basal bodies are most closely associated with which of the following cell components?
cilia
A cell has formed a food vacuole as it ingested a food particle. Which of the following events is associated with the breakdown of that food particle?
digestion of the food particle occurs in a vesicle enclosed by a membrane that separates the digestion from the cytoplasm
One basic difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes is that eukaryotes ________.
have a nucleus
Observing a fluorescent micrograph cell with intermediate filaments would help you identify the cell as a __________.
human skin cell
A protein that ultimately functions in the plasma membrane of a cell is most likely to have been synthesized __________.
in the rough endoplasmic reticulum
chloroplast
makes sugar by converting light energy into chemical energy
During muscle contractions, myosin motor proteins move across tracks of
microfilaments
The extension of pseudopodia in amoeba is due to the regulated assembly and destruction of
microfilaments
Centrosomes are sites where protein dimers assemble into
microtubules
In eukaryotic flagella, the fibers that slide past one another due to the activity of dynein proteins are
microtubules
The cilia and flagella of eukaryotic cells are composed of _____.
microtubules
Microfilaments function in cell motility including __________.
muscle contraction, amoeboid movement, and cytoplasmic streaming in plants
The endoplasmic reticulum is part of the endomembrane system, which also includes the __________.
nuclear envelope, the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and vesicles
The liver is involved in detoxification of many poisons and drugs. Which of the following structures is abundant in liver cells and primarily responsible for detoxification processes?
smooth ER
plant cell wall
strong, protective structure made from cellulose fibrils
The nuclear envelope is more permeable than the cell membrane.
true
prokaryotic and eukaryotic structures
flagella, plasma membrane, ribosomes
The structure where cell products are packaged is the ________.
golgi apparatus
Which structure is part of the endomembrane system?
golgi apparatus
The only cytoskeletal fibers not associated with intracellular movement or whole cell locomotion are the
intermediate filaments
The network of fibers that organizes structures and activities in a cell __________.
is the cytoskeleton
Cell junctions in plant cells are called __________, and communicating junctions in animal cells are called __________.
plasmodesmata; gap junctions
_____ are the sites of protein synthesis.
ribosomes
Which of these organelles manufactures proteins bound for secretion out of the cell?
rough ER
Which of the following is the most appropriate technique for observing the three-dimensional structure and organization of microvilli on an intestinal cell?
scanning electron microscopy
You would expect a cell with an extensive Golgi apparatus to __________.
secrete a lot of protein
Which of the following are surface appendages that allow a bacterium to stick to a surface?
fimbriae
Which of these are hollow rods that shape and support the cell?
microtubules
A young child who suffers from a metabolic disease is always tired and fatigued. Which of the following organelles is most likely malfunctioning in this disease?
mitochondria
Cyanide binds with at least one protein complex involved in producing ATP. If a cell is exposed to cyanide, most of the bound cyanide is likely to be localized within which of the following organelles?
mitochondria
The endosymbiont theory explains the origins of __________.
mitochondria and chloroplasts
plant and animal cell
mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, cytoskeleton, nucleus, plasma membrane
Which of these organelles carries out cellular respiration?
mitochondrion
Which part of the cell membrane is hydrophilic?
phosphate heads
Mitochondria are found in __________.
plant and animal cells
In a bacterium, where are proteins synthesized?
ribosomes
Which statement correctly describes the nuclear envelope of a eukaryotic cell?
the nuclear envelope is continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum
What is the functional connection between the nucleolus, nuclear pores, and the nuclear membrane?
Subunits of ribosomes are assembled in the nucleolus and pass through the nuclear membrane via the nuclear pores.
Which statements are true for chloroplasts?
They are the sites of reactions that convert solar energy into chemical energy, They have membranous sacs called thylakoids that are surrounded by a fluid called stroma, They contain the green pigment chlorophyll.
A newly discovered unicellular organism isolated from acidic mine drainage is found to contain a cell wall, a plasma membrane, two flagella, and peroxisomes. Based on this information only, the organism is most likely to be ________.
a motile eukaryote
out of: cell: without, lack of: thread: true, good: green: inside, inner:
ex- -cyte a- mito- eu- chloro- endo-
Evidence that supports the prokaryotic origins of mitochondria and chloroplasts are all of the following except __________.
that mitochondria and chloroplasts have multiple copies of linear DNA molecules associated with their inner membranes (includes that the ancestral prokaryote had two outer membranes, which became the double membranes of the mitochondria and chloroplasts, that mitochondria and chloroplasts have multiple copies of circular DNA molecules associated with their membranes, that mitochondria and chloroplasts can grow and reproduce within a cell, that mitochondria and chloroplasts are somewhat independent within a cell)
A substance moving from outside the cell into the cytoplasm must pass through __________.
the plasma membrane
The function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) is __________.
to synthesize proteins that are secreted as glycoproteins
Which of the following clues would tell you if a cell is prokaryotic or eukaryotic?
whether or not the cell is generally partitioned by internal membranes
Cell motility, which includes changes both in cell location and in the movement of cell parts, requires interactions of the cytoskeleton __________.
with motor proteins
