BIO 202 Chapter !7
Your patient's complete blood count shows an elevated reticulocyte count. Which of the following conditions is LEAST consistent with this finding? Iron deficiency anemia after one month of treatment Chronic blood loss from a bleeding ulcer Aplastic anemia Sickle cell disease, a form of hemolytic anemia
Aplastic anemia
Which of the following scenarios could result in HDN (hemolytic disease of the newborn)? AB-negative female pregnant with an AB-negative baby O-positive female pregnant with a B-positive baby A-positive female pregnant with a B-positive baby B-negative female pregnant with an AB-positive baby
B-negative female pregnant with an AB-positive baby Hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) can develop when an Rh-negative mother carries an Rh-positive fetus. Unlike anti-A and anti-B antibodies, anti-Rh antibodies are not preformed (i.e., a person doesn't produce them until they've been exposed to Rh-antigens for the first time). This initial exposure can occur when the Rh-negative mother carries her first Rh-positive baby. The first such pregnancy usually results in the delivery of a healthy baby. But during this pregnancy and particularly during delivery, the mother may be sensitized by her baby's Rh-positive antigens that pass into her bloodstream. If so, she will form anti-Rh antibodies unless treated with RhoGAM during pregnancy and around the time of delivery. RhoGAM is a serum containing anti-Rh antibodies. By agglutinating the Rh factor, it blocks the mother's immune response and prevents her sensitization. If the mother is not treated and becomes pregnant again with another Rh-positive baby, her antibodies will cross through the placenta and destroy the baby's RBCs, producing the condition known as hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN).
Which of the following is true of the structure of an erythrocyte? Erythrocytes are larger than other cells in the blood. Erythrocytes are nucleated cells. Erythrocytes can bend and twist to fit through vessels. Erythrocytes are cell fragments.
Erythrocytes can bend and twist to fit through vessels.
___________is the process of synthesizing new red blood cells in red bone marrow
Erythropoiesis
Your patient has a hematocrit of 56%. You recall from your anatomy and physiology class that high hematocrits are often a sign of blood doping by athletes. However, your patient is an elderly man suffering from the flu. What is most likely accounting for his elevated hematocrit? He is dehydrated from the flu. He is leaking blood into his abdominal cavity. He recently donated blood. Your patient is on chemo and it is causing him to produce too many red blood cells.
He is dehydrated from the flu.
Which of these is true of the materials making up the buffy coat in centrifuged blood? They are intermediate in density between erythrocytes and plasma. They are less dense than both erythrocytes and plasma. They are denser than erythrocytes but less dense than plasma. They are denser then plasma and erythrocytes.
They are intermediate in density between erythrocytes and plasma.
________________ is the hormone signal for increased production of platelets.
Thrombopoietin
Which of the following statements is true? Type O blood can safely be given to recipients with type B blood. A person with type O blood produces both type A and type B antigens (agglutinogens). A person with type AB blood produces both anti-A and anti-B antibodies (agglutinins). Type A blood can safely be given to recipients with type B blood.
Type O blood can safely be given to recipients with type B blood.
A person with an extremely high count of neutrophils is likely suffering ________. polycythemia a bacterial infection a viral infection anemia
a bacterial infection
Main contributor to osmotic pressure.
albumin
Which blood component primarily contributes to plasma osmotic pressure? Which blood component primarily contributes to plasma osmotic pressure? blood borne nutrients electrolytes gamma globulin albumin
albumin
Transport proteins like transferrin (that carries iron ions) or others that bind to lipids or fat-soluble vitamins.
alpha and beta globulins
A person exhibiting suppression of immunity and clotting disorder as well as low oxygen-carrying capacity is likely suffering from which of the following? iron deficiency anemia hemorrhagic anemia pernicious anemia aplastic anemia
aplastic anemia
A person who lacks agglutinogen A but has agglutinogen B would have blood type __________. O B A AB
b
Which image shows the type of leukocyte responsible for antibody production? E D C B
d
The word root means embolus or wedge.
embal
A pulmonary__________ is a freely-moving clot that becomes lodged in a small lung vessel.
embolism
The word root means red or red blood cell.
erythro
Which of the following is not a functional characteristic of leukocytes? positive chemotaxis diapedesis erythropoiesis amoeboid motion
erythropoiesis
Necessary for coagulation
fibrinogen
Antibodies released by plasma cells during immune response.
gamma globulins
Higher viscosity of blood will increase the amount of stress placed on the heart while it is pumping. Viscosity of blood is highest when ________. hemoglobin levels are lowest HbA1C levels are lowest hematocrit is highest plasma levels are highest
hematocrit is highest
The word root means blood.
hemo
What is the name of the protein found in erythrocytes that transports respiratory gases and provides the red color? antibody albumin hemoglobin fibrinogen
hemogloblin
he process of stopping bleeding after injury is called ______________.
hemostasis
With a patient who is administered an injection of colony stimulating factor (CSF), you would expect to see ________. increased white blood cell count decreased red blood cell count decreased white blood cell count increased red blood cell count
increased white blood cell count
The word root means white or white blood cell.
leuko
A low white blood cell count is called ___________.
leukopenia
Which two factors below make rapid and substantial blood loss life threatening? loss of immunity and loss of carbon dioxide carrying capacity loss of blood pressure and loss of oxygen carrying capacity loss of immunity and loss of blood pressure loss of clotting ability and loss of osmotic pressure
loss of blood pressure and loss of oxygen carrying capacity
All of the following can be expected with polycythemia EXCEPT ________. increased blood volume high hematocrit low blood viscosity high blood pressure
low blood viscosity
What type of connective tissue cells are similar to basophils in that they contain granules that release histamine to mediate the inflammatory response? Adipocytes Fibroblast Mast cells Macrophages
mast cells
The cells responsible for producing platelets are called ________. myeloblasts lymphoid stem cells monoblasts megakaryocytes
megakaryocytes
The word root means bone marrow or spinal cord.
myelo
A __________________________________ , an intermediate of the myeloid cell line, gives rise to granulocytes.
myleoblast
Which body activity would be most affected if a patient lacked an adequate number of erythrocytes (anemia)? Which body activity would be most affected if a patient lacked an adequate number of erythrocytes (anemia)? immune response clotting oxygen transport hormone transport
oxygen transport
A lack of intrinsic factor, leading to a deficiency of vitamin B12 and causing an appearance of large pale cells called macrocytes, is characteristic of ________. sickle-cell anemia aplastic anemia polycythemia pernicious anemia
pernicious anemia
Which of these develops from lymphoid stem cells? plasma cells monocytes erythrocytes granulocytes
plasma cells
What enzyme removes unneeded clots after healing has occurred? plasmin thrombin plasminogen fibrin
plasmin
In a centrifuged sample of blood, what should not be in the plasma portion of the sample? In a centrifuged sample of blood, what should not be in the plasma portion of the sample? electrolytes albumin fibrinogen platelets
platelets
A mismatch of blood types during a transfusion is dangerous because ________. white blood cells from the donor's blood cause inflammation clotting factors in the donor's blood will cause unwanted clots known as thrombus antibodies in the donor's plasma will attack and kill the recipient's healthy blood cells preformed antibodies in the recipient's blood will bind and clump (agglutinate) the donated cells
preformed antibodies in the recipient's blood will bind and clump (agglutinate) the donated cells
Blood reticulocyte counts provide information regarding ________. clotting ability of the blood rate of platelet formation WBC ability to defend the body against disease rate of erythrocyte formation
rate of erythrocyte formation
f you centrifuge (spin) whole blood, you will find the red blood cells (erythrocytes) at the bottom of the tube and white blood cells atop them. This implies that ________. white blood cells are smaller than red blood cells red blood cells have a greater density than white blood cells red blood cells are larger than white blood cells white blood cells are fewer in number than red blood cells
red blood cells have a greater density than white blood cells
What is a young, anucleate erythrocyte called? reticulocyte hemopoietic stem cell (hemocytoblast) polychromatic erythroblast proerythroblast
reticulocyte
he word root means clot or associated with blood clotting.
thromb
What protein involved in coagulation provides the activation for the final step in clotting? fibrinogen thrombin fibrin prothrombin activator
thrombin
Mrs. Ryan, a middle-aged woman, appears at the clinic complaining of multiple small hemorrhagic spots in her skin and severe nosebleeds. While taking her history, the nurse notes that Mrs. Ryan works as a rubber glue applicator at a local factory. Rubber glue contains benzene, which is known to be toxic to red bone marrow. Which bleeding disorder is likely to result from the toxic effects of benzene? erythroblastosis fetalis hemophilia thrombocytopenia hematoma
thrombocytopenia
