BIO 228 A&P Ch 23: Respiratory System Connect Review
In the figure, the diagram labeled A indicates ______ as the ribs are elevated and the thoracic cavity widens. exhalation inhalation
- inhalation
When the diaphragm contracts and the vertical dimensions of the thoracic cavity increase, ______ occurs.
- inhalation
Pulmonary ventilation consists of two cyclic phases, ______ and ______.
- inhalation; exhalation
When you ______, the inferior portion of the sternum moves anteriorly, slightly increasing the anterior-posterior dimensions of the thorax. exhale inhale
- inhale
The superior opening of the larynx is called the laryngeal ______. inlet outlet
- inlet
The sternocleidomastoid muscle is a muscle of forced ______. inspiration expiration
- inspiration
Which brings air into the alveoli? inspiration expiration
- inspiration
Which activities are associated with exhalation? external intercostals contract internal intercostals contract diaphragm relaxes sternum moves posteriorly diaphragm contracts
- internal intercostals contract, diaphragm relaxes, sternum moves posteriorly
The parietal pleura lines which structures? internal thoracic walls lateral surfaces of the mediastinum the outer surface of each lung superior surface of the diaphragm
- internal thoracic walls - lateral surfaces of the mediastinum - superior surface of the diaphragm
The main function of the sympathetic innervation on the lungs is ______. bronchodilation bronchoconstriction
- bronchodilation
The alveoli have thin walls specialized to promote the diffusion of gases between the alveolus and the ______. alveolar ducts respiratory bronchioles capillaries
- capillaries
The apex of the lung projects superiorly to a point that is slightly superior to the bone called the ______.
- clavicle
Alveolar pores provide ______. collateral ventilation dust cells pulmonary surfactant for rapid water diffusion
- collateral ventilation
The bony projections along the lateral wall of the nasal cavity are called ______, and the air passages that lie between them are called nasal meatuses.
- conchae
Between the superior and middle ______ is the ______ meatus. conchae; middle conchae; superior choanae; middle choanae; superior
- conchae; superior
During inhalation, the external intercostals ______ to increase the transverse dimensions of the thoracic cavity. contract relax
- contract
During inhalation, the diaphragm ______ and ______. contracts; rises contracts; flattens relaxes; flattens relaxes; rises
- contracts; flattens
The ring-shaped ______ cartilage of the inferior portion of the larynx connects to the trachea inferiorly.
- cricoid
Depression of the ribs ______ the lateral dimensions of the thoracic cavity. decreases increases
- decreases
Contraction of the internal intercostals ______ the ribs. depresses elevates
- depresses
Which events are associated with inhalation? diaphragm relaxes internal intercostal contracts sternum moves anteriorly external intercostals contract diaphragm contracts
- diaphragm contracts, sternum moves anteriorly, external intercostals contract
During inhalation, the external intercostal muscles ______ the ribs.
- elevate
The pressure within the pleural cavity is known as the ______ pressure.
- intrapleural
The large, spoon or leaf-shaped piece of elastic cartilage that helps prevent food and liquid from entering the larynx is the ______. epiglottis trachea cricoid cartilage thyroid cartilage
- epiglottis
When successful swallowing occurs, the ______ closes over the opening to the larynx to prevent materials from entering the larynx.
- epiglottis
The mucous membrane of the respiratory tract is composed of ______ and is ciliated in most portions of the conducting zone. epithelial tissue fibrous connective tissue smooth muscle tissue nervous tissue
- epithelial tissue
The abdominal muscles and serratus posterior inferior muscles help with forced ______.
- exhalation
The thoracic cavity dimensions return their original size during ______. exhalation inhalation
- exhalation
The external oblique is a muscle of forced ______. expiration inspiration
- expiration
In the basic processes of respiration, alveolar gas exchange is also known as ______ respiration, and systemic gas exchange is also known as internal respiration.
- external
The vestibular folds are also called the ______ vocal cords.
- false
True or false: Lobar bronchi further divide into primary bronchi.
- false
A pressure ______ exists when two interconnected regions have gases at different pressures.
- gradient
Alveoli have a unique shape, best described as ______. hexagonal circular square triangular
- hexagonal
On the medial surface of each lung is an indented ______ through which a bronchus enters the lung.
- hilum
The ______ of the lung is where the bronchi, pulmonary vessels, lymph vessels, and nerves pass through.
- hilum
The scalene muscles help to ______ the thoracic cavity dimensions.
- increase
During inhalation, the dimensions of the thoracic cavity ______.
- increases
Elevation of the ribs ______ the lateral dimensions of the thoracic cavity. increases decreases
- increases
The pressure of a gas decreases if the volume of the container ______.
- increases
The cricoid cartilage is ______ to the thyroid cartilage.
- inferior
The vocal folds are the ______ set of ligaments, in the larynx, that produce sound. inferior superior
- inferior
Which is always higher, intrapulmonary pressure or intrapleural pressure?
- intrapulmonary pressure
The right lung is ______ than the left lung.
- larger
As air is forced out of the lungs and moves through the ______, the sound is produced. alveoli pharynx larynx bronchi
- larynx
In the respiratory system, sympathetic fibers innervate the lungs, bronchial tree, the trachea, and the ______.
- larynx
The structure that is also called the voice box is the ______.
- larynx
The trachea connects the ______ to the ______. oral cavity; pharynx larynx; bronchi pharynx; larynx oral cavity; stomach
- larynx; bronchi
The sides of the nose are formed in part by a single pair of _______ cartilages and two pairs of _______ cartilages.
- lateral - alar
The ______ lung has only two lobes, superior and inferior.
- left
Which anatomical structures aid sound production? lips teeth bronchi paranasal sinuses tongue nasal cavity
- lips - teeth - paranasal sinuses - tongue - nasal cavity
The secondary bronchi that branch off the primary bronchi are also called ______ bronchi.
- lobar
If two regions are interconnected, then gases will tend to move to the region of ______ pressure. lower higher the same
- lower
The trachea is part of the ______ respiratory tract. upper lower
- lower
Which is not part of the upper respiratory system? pharynx nose lungs nasal cavity
- lungs
Select all the respiratory system structures innervated by the autonomic nervous system. lungs bronchial tree trachea pharynx tongue
- lungs - bronchial tree - trachea
The thyroid cartilage enlarges at puberty due to the increase of ______. thyroid hormone testosterone estrogen growth hormone
- testosterone
The lungs are located in the ______. thoracic cavity mediastinum
- thoracic cavity
The growth of the ______ cartilage is stimulated by testosterone; thus, Adam's apple is usually prominent and larger in males after puberty.
- thyroid
The largest cartilage of the larynx is the ______ cartilage, which forms the anterior and lateral walls of the larynx. corniculate thyroid thyrohyoid cricoid
- thyroid
Incomplete rings of ______ cartilage support the wall of the primary bronchi to ensure that they remain open.
- tracheal
True or false: Contraction of the internal intercostals is not necessary during exhalation at rest.
- true
True or false: During exhalation, the diaphragm relaxes and returns to its original shape.
- true
True or false: The vestibular folds that attach to the corniculate cartilage protect the vocal folds.
- true
The vocal folds of the larynx are called the ______. false vocal cords true vocal cords
- true vocal cords
The primary nerve that innervates the lungs is the ______ nerve.
- vagus
The closing of the epiglottis over the larynx along with the simultaneous contraction of abdominal muscles, known as the ______ maneuver, results in an increase in abdominal pressure.
- valsalva
The outer surface of each lung is tightly covered by ______. respiratory bronchi parietal pleura visceral pleura mediastinum
- visceral pleura
The structure that is the initial conducting airway for inhaled air is the _______.
= nose
Using the picture of the larynx, match the letter with the structure.
A - arytenoid cartilage B - thyroid cartilage C - epiglottis D - cricoid cartilage
Using the illustration of the bronchial tree, match the letter with the structure.
A - main bronchus B - lobar bronchus C - tertiary bronchus
Match the letter with the pharynx region.
A - oropharynx B - nasopharynx C - laryngopharynx
Using the image of the bronchial tree, match the letter with the structure.
A - primary bronchi B - secondary bronchi C - tertiary bronchi D - smaller bronchi
Using the picture of bronchioles and alveoli, match the letter with the structure.
A - respiratory bronchioles B - alveoli C - alveolar ducts D - alveolar pores
Match the letter with the structure using the image of vocal folds.
A - rima glottidis B - vestibular folds C - vocal folds
Match the nasal cartilages with the labels in the picture.
A - septal cartilage B - alar cartilage
Using the image of the larynx, match the letter with the structure.
A - thyrohyoid membrane B - tracheal cartilage C - cricoid cartilage D - thyroid cartilage
Match the letter with the structure using the picture of cartilages of the larynx.
A - thyroid cartilage B - arytenoid cartilage C - cricoid cartilage D - vocal ligaments
The widening of a bronchiole diameter is ______. bronchodilation bronchoconstriction
bronchodilation
The oxygenated blood leaves the lungs through the ______ and returns to the ______.
pulmonary veins; left atrium
Contraction of the smooth muscle surrounding the bronchioles results in ______.
- bronchoconstriction
The respiratory membrane consists of an endothelial cell of a capillary and the plasma membrane of an alveolar type ______ cell. 1 A 2 B
- 1
The right lung has ______ tertiary bronchi and the left lung has ______ tertiary bronchi. 8; 10 8-10; 10 10; 8-10 8-10; 8
- 10; 8-10
There are several ways to measure pressure. The standard atmospheric pressure is 760 mm Hg. What is this in pounds per square inch? 20.5 5.6 14.7 100.2
- 14.7
The lungs contain approximately ______ alveoli. 300-400 thousand 300-400 million 300-400
- 300-400 million
The V-shaped anterior projection of the thyroid cartilage is commonly called the ______ in males. windpipe Adam's apple voice box
- Adam's apple
In the figure, the diagram labeled ______ indicates the vertical changes that occur during exhalation.
- B
In the figure, the diagram labeled ______, indicates what happens to the volume of the thoracic cavity during exhalation.
- B
The movement of gases into and out of the respiratory system follows ______ law.
- Boyle's
Which are classified as accessory muscles that assist in active exhalation, as in when you are pushing out extra air from your lungs? abdominal muscles serratus posterior inferior external intercostals internal intercostals
- abdominal muscles, serratus posterior inferior, internal intercostals
Normally, only ______ passes through the nasopharynx. water air vomit mucus food
- air
The larynx serves as a passageway for ______. food only air and food air only
- air only
Which are the functions of the respiratory system? Select all that apply. allows air passage exchange of O2 and CO2 sound production detection of odors control of Na+ plasma levels
- allows air passage - exchange of O2 and CO2 - sound production - detection of odors
The collective volume of the alveoli in the lungs is known as the ______ volume.
- alveolar
The smallest respiratory bronchioles subdivide into thin airways called ______ ______.
- alveolar ducts
The small openings in the walls between adjacent alveoli are called ______ ______.
- alveolar pores
The distal end of the alveolar duct terminates as a dilated ______ ______.
- alveolar sac
Bronchioles and ______ form the terminal ends of the respiratory passageway. segmental bronchi alveoli lobar bronchi
- alveoli
The respiratory bronchioles and alveolar ducts contain small out pockets called ______.
- alveoli
The trachea is ______ to the esophagus.
- anterior
The trachea is ______ to the esophagus, ______ to the larynx, and ______ to the primary bronchi.
- anterior; inferior; superior
In the study of respiration, the pressure of the outside air measured at sea level is known as the ______ pressure low altitude atmospheric sea level normal
- atmospheric
The respiratory membrane is the thin wall between the alveolar lumen and the ______. blood alveolar duct respiratory bronchiole lymph
- blood
Respiration affects all conditions except ______. blood levels of carbon dioxide blood levels of oxygen venous return of blood blood K+ levels
- blood K+ levels
The involuntary, rhythmic activities that control breathing are located in which part of the CNS? cerebellum brainstem spinal cord cerebrum diencephalon
- brainstem
The ______ is a highly branched system of air conducting passages that originate from the left and right primary bronchi and progressively branch into narrower tubes ending in terminal bronchioles. trachea bronchial tree alveolar ducts larynx
- bronchial tree
The mucosa in the respiratory system is also known as the _______ membrane.
- mucous
The nose is supported superiorly by paired _______ bones that form the bridge of the nose.
- nasal
The structure that divides the nasal cavity into left and right portions is the ______ septum.
- nasal
The pharynx is made of three separate regions. Choose those regions from the list. nasopharynx esophopharynx oropharynx tracheopharynx laryngopharynx
- nasopharynx - oropharynx - laryngopharynx
The nasal cavity extends from the ______ to the ______. nostrils; choanae choanae; hard palate internal nares; choanae
- nostrils; choanae
Which drugs are useful in treating asthma? oral steroids bronchoconstriction allergy shots inhaled steroids
- oral steroids - allergy shots - inhaled steroids
Four bones of the skull contain paired air spaces called ______ ______ that help to lighten the heavy load of the head.
- paranasal sinuses
Where is the pneumotaxic center located? cerebral cortex pons spinal cord medulla oblongata
- pons
Which are among the four continuous and simultaneous processes of respiration? pulmonary ventilation cellular respiration alveolar gas exchange gas transport systemic gas exchange
- pulmonary ventilation - alveolar gas exchange - gas transport - systemic gas exchange
The terminal bronchioles conduct air into the ______ bronchioles.
- respiratory
Aspirated foreign objects are more likely to become lodged in the ______ primary bronchus.
- right
The ______ lung is divided into superior, middle, and inferior lobes.
- right
The ______ primary bronchus enters the lung more vertically and is wider and shorter than the other one.
- right
The figure on the ______ shows what happens when we exhale.
- right
Deoxygenated blood is pumped from the ______ through the pulmonary trunk into ______, which enters the lungs. right ventricle; pulmonary veins right ventricle; pulmonary arteries right atrium; pulmonary arteries right atrium; pulmonary veins
- right ventricle; pulmonary arteries
The muscles that increase the thoracic cavity by elevating the first and second ribs during forced inhalation are the ______ muscles.
- scalene
The nasal septum is formed by which structures? choanae septal nasal cartilage perpendicular plate alar cartilage vomer
- septal nasal cartilage - perpendicular plate - vomer
Which are the symptoms of asthma? shortness of breath wheezing bronchodilation coughing
- shortness of breath - wheezing - coughing
Lobar bronchi are ______ in diameter than main bronchi.
- smaller
The left lung is ______ than the right lung.
- smaller
If proper swallowing occurs, materials from the oral cavity and oropharynx will be blocked from entering the nasopharynx by the ______, which elevates during swallowing. hard palate laryngopharynx soft palate epiglottis
- soft palate
Which form the roof of the nasal cavity? nasal bones cribriform plate palatine bone sphenoid bone frontal bone
- sphenoid bone - frontal bone - nasal bones - cribriform plate - Reason: The palatine bones form the floor of the nasal cavity and the roof of the oral cavity.
The bronchioles that are the final segment of the conducting pathway in the lungs are the ______ bronchioles.
- terminal
The trachea is more commonly called the ______. windpipe voice box gullet throat
- windpipe
The paranasal sinuses are named for the bones where they are located. Rank the bones in order starting with the most superior.
1. frontal 2. ethmoid 3. maxilla
