Bio 2402-A&P 2- Chapter 22: Immune System Smartbook Assignment

MHC class I molecules are ______. Multiple choice question. glycoproteins phospholipids polysaccharides

glycoproteins

MHC class I molecules are ______. Multiple choice question. polysaccharides glycoproteins phospholipids

glycoproteins

All IgM antibodies have what region in common? Multiple choice question. light chain heavy chain Fc variable

helper T-lymphocytes

Pyrogens target the ______. Multiple choice question. hypothalamus cerebellum thalamus corpus callosum

hypothalamus

Antibodies are ______. Multiple choice question. immunogens lymphocytes immunoglobulins antigens

immunoglobulins

Antibody titer is a measure of ______. Multiple choice question. T-Cell concentration the ability of T cells to mature immunologic memory

immunologic memory

The complement system ______ the inflammatory response. Multiple choice question. decreases increases

increases

Identify the function of pyrogens. Multiple choice question. induce fever produce mucous cause inflammation excite the cough reflex

induce fever

Skin and mucous membranes provide what type of immunity? Multiple choice question. innate immunity specific immunity

innate immunity

The skin is an example of ______. Multiple choice question. adaptive immunity innate immunity

innate immunity

Examples of antimicrobial proteins of the innate immune system are ______. Multiple choice question. T cells B cells antibodies interferons and complement

interferons and complement

Examples of antimicrobial proteins of the innate immune system are ______. Multiple choice question. T cells antibodies interferons and complement B cells

interferons and complement

Select all that apply Activated helper T cells release which two of the following to stimulate other immune cells? Multiple select question. perforins interleukins granzymes cytokines membrane attack complexes

interleukins cytokines

Which is not an infectious agent that causes diseases in humans? Multiple choice question. virus bacterium fungus leukocyte

leukocyte

Where are complement proteins synthesized? Multiple choice question. kidney liver pancreas spleen

liver

Select all that apply Identify two characteristics of bacteria. Multiple select question. macroscopic smaller than viruses 1-2 micrometers in size single-celled organism

1-2 micrometers in size single-celled organism

Where are alveolar macrophages found? Multiple choice question. intestines lungs brain heart

lungs

Where are alveolar macrophages found? Multiple choice question. lungs intestines brain heart

lungs

Select all that apply Identify the lymphatic tissues. Multiple select question. lymph nodes liver spleen tonsils

lymph nodes spleen tonsils

Natural killer cells are a type of ______. Multiple choice question. lymphocyte granulocyte monocyte

lymphocyte

A booster shot for tetanus is recommended every ______ years. Multiple choice question. 3 15 10

10

Death is likely to occur when core body temperature reaches ______. Multiple choice question. 109 degrees Fahrenheit 106 degrees Fahrenheit 103 degrees Fahrenheit 100 degrees Fahrenheit

109 degrees Fahrenheit

What is the half-life of IgA in the blood? Multiple choice question. 23 days 5.5 days 2 days 2.8 days

5.5 days

Which of the following increases the odds that a specific lymphocyte will encounter its specific antigen? Multiple choice question. lymphocyte rejuvenation antigen rejuvenation antigen recirculation lymphocyte recirculation

lymphocyte recirculation

Vesicles with infectious agents that formed during phagocytosis merge with ______. Multiple choice question. lysosomes mitochondria ribosomes

lysosomes

Identify the true statements regarding active immunity. Multiple select question. Active immunity may result from direct exposure to an antigen. Active immunity includes the development of memory cells Active immunity may result from the transfer of breast milk from mother to child.

Active immunity may result from direct exposure to an antigen. Active immunity includes the development of memory cells

Vaccines are administered to increase the number of memory ______ cells you have for a specific antigen. Multiple choice question. B cytotoxic T NK helper T

B

Vaccines are administered to increase the number of memory ______ cells you have for a specific antigen. Multiple choice question. cytotoxic T NK helper T B

B

Identify the enzyme that attacks the cell wall of some gram-positive bacteria. Multiple choice question. immunoglobulin A cerumen defensins lysozyme

lysozyme

Identify the enzyme that attacks the cell wall of some gram-positive bacteria. Multiple choice question. lysozyme defensins cerumen immunoglobulin A

lysozyme

Our salivary glands produce what antimicrobial enzyme? Multiple choice question. pepsin perforin granzyme lysozyme

lysozyme

Select all that apply Identify the antimicrobial substances released by the skin and mucous membranes. Multiple select question. lysozyme alveolar macrophages sebum immunoglobulin A

lysozyme sebum immunoglobulin A

Identify the phagocytes. Multiple select question. basophils inflammation macrophages neutrophils erythrocytes

macrophages neutrophils

Identify the process in which leukocytes tightly adhere to capillaries. Multiple choice question. diapedesis margination chemotaxis

margination

Select all that apply Identify the cells that produce histamine and heparin. Multiple select question. mast cells basophils neutrophils macrophages

mast cells basophils

Helper T-lymphocytes are also referred to as ______. Multiple choice question. CD4 cells CD6 cells CD8 cells CD2 cells

CD4 cells

Hepatitis vaccinations often require more than one injection because ______. Multiple choice question. natural killer cells have a set life span memory helper T cells have a set life span memory cytotoxic T cells have a set life span memory B cells have a set life span

memory B cells have a set life span

Activated B-lymphocytes that do not become plasma cells, become ______. Multiple choice question. CD4 cells CD8 cells MHC class I cells memory B-lymphocytes

memory B-lymphocytes

Activated B-lymphocytes that do not become plasma cells, become ______. Multiple choice question. memory B-lymphocytes CD8 cells MHC class I cells CD4 cells

memory B-lymphocytes

All IgM antibodies have what region in common? Multiple choice question. heavy chain light chain variable Fc

Fc

All IgM antibodies have what region in common? Multiple choice question. heavy chain variable light chain Fc

Fc

Which antibody region is responsible for stimulating NK cells? Multiple choice question. hinge antigen binding site incorrect Fc variable

Fc

Which region of an antibody helps activate complement? Multiple choice question. variable Fc precipitation

Fc

HIV blood tests look for the presence of ______ ________ in the blood.

Field 1: HIV Field 2: antibodies

HIV blood tests look for the presence of __________ in the blood.

Field 1: HIV Field 2: antibodies

If the wrong blood type is given to a patient, their red blood cells clump up because antibodies cross-link them in a process known as _______ .

Field 1: agglutination, hemagglutination, or aggulation

If the wrong blood type is given to a patient, their red blood cells clump up because antibodies cross-link them in a process known as ________.

Field 1: agglutination, hemagglutination, or aggulation

A Y-shaped immunoglobulin molecule is made of four polypeptide chains and referred to as a(n) _________ monomer.

Field 1: antibody

Disorders that result when the immune system does not have tolerance for a specific self-antigen and attacks the cells are called ________ disorders.

Field 1: autoimmune

Disorders that result when the immune system does not have tolerance for a specific self-antigen and attacks the cells are called _________ disorders.

Field 1: autoimmune

When the body fails to distinguish between foreign antigens and self-antigens __________ disorders occur.

Field 1: autoimmune or immune

Hair-like extensions of plasma membranes that in the respiratory system, function to sweep mucus upward so that it can be expectorated or swallowed are __________ .

Field 1: cilia or cilium

The process of changing the antibody produced by a cell is called ______ _______ .

Field 1: class Field 2: switching

Along with direct contact between the plasma cell and a helper T-lymphocyte, a specific type of ______ released from the helper T-lymphocyte is necessary for class switching

Field 1: cytokine or cytokines

Small proteins called _________ serve as a means of communication between immune system cells.

Field 1: cytokines or cytokine

An abnormal elevation of core body temperature is called _____________.

Field 1: fever or pyrexia

Antibody-mediated immunity is also called _______ immunity.

Field 1: humoral

Certain areas of the body actively prevent access to immune cells. These areas are said to have __________ _________.

Field 1: immune Field 2: privilege

An antigen that induces an immune response is called an immunogen. Its ability to cause an immune response is termed ____________ .

Field 1: immunogenicity

Redness, heat, and swelling are cardinal signs of ________.

Field 1: inflammation

Nonspecific immunity is another name for _________ immunity.

Field 1: innate

A class of cytokines released from leukocytes is called ________ , also referred to as IFN.

Field 1: interferon or interferons

Standing in the elevator, someone sneezes on you infecting you with a new rhinovirus. However, it then takes 3-6 days until you produce antibodies because of the ______ phase.

Field 1: latent, lag, or incubation

Opsonization is the binding of a protein to a portion of bacteria. The binding protein, such as an antibody, is called an ________.

Field 1: opsonin

Viruses must enter a cell to reproduce. They are called obligate intracellular __________ .

Field 1: parasites or parasite

Activated B-lymphocytes differentiate into ___________ cells that produce antibodies.

Field 1: plasma

Antibodies are produced by activated B cells called _______ cells.

Field 1: plasma

Antibodies are produced by activated B cells called ________ cells.

Field 1: plasma

Lymphocytes do not stay in secondary lymph structures permanently but move out after several days. This process is referred to as lymphocyte _________ .

Field 1: recirculation or migration

T-lymphocytes originate in the ________ bone marrow.

Field 1: red

T-lymphocytes originate in the _________ bone marrow.

Field 1: red

Antibody concentration in the blood is also known as antibody ________ .

Field 1: titer

The concentration of antibodies against a specific antigen in the blood is known as the antibody _______ .

Field 1: titer

When you get a flu shot, you are receiving a(n) _________ , an injection of weakened flu virus or virus particles.

Field 1: vaccine, vaccination, immunization, or antigen

When you get a flu shot, you are receiving a(n) __________ , an injection of weakened flu virus or virus particles.

Field 1: vaccine, vaccination, immunization, or antigen

The region of the antibody that binds to the antigen is the ______ region.

Field 1: variable

The region of the antibody that binds to the antigen is the _________ region.

Field 1: variable

Identify the class of immunoglobulin that is found in mucus, saliva, tears, and breast milk. Multiple choice question. IgA IgM IgE IgD IgG

IgA

Which type of antibody functions as an antigen-specific B-lymphocyte receptor? Multiple choice question. IgD IgA IgE

IgD

Identify the class of immunoglobulin that is produced during an allergic reaction and has a half-life in the blood of 2 days. Multiple choice question. IgM IgD IgA IgG IgE

IgE

Identify the class of immunoglobulins that are usually formed in response to allergic reactions and parasitic infections. Multiple choice question. IgM IgD IgA IgE IgG

IgE

Identify the class of immunoglobulin that has a half-life in the blood of 23 days. Multiple choice question. IgG IgM IgE IgA IgD

IgG

Identify the most predominant antibody in the blood and lymph. Multiple choice question. IgA IgG IgD IgM IgE

IgG

What class of antibody is produced in a much higher concentration during a secondary response? Multiple choice question. IgE IgA IgG IgD

IgG

Identify the class of immunoglobulin that is most effective at causing agglutination of cells and binding complement. Multiple choice question. IgM IgG IgA IgE IgD

IgM

Identify the class of immunoglobulin that is usually a pentamer found mostly in blood. Multiple choice question. IgG IgE IgA IgM IgD

IgM

Which class of antibodies usually exists as a pentamer? Multiple choice question. IgD IgG IgM

IgM

What does an antigen-presenting cell do to the resulting peptide fragments of a microbe once digestion is complete? Multiple choice question. It further lyses the peptide fragments. It secretes antibodies. It incorporates the fragments into its cell membrane.

It incorporates the fragments into its cell membrane.

What does an antigen-presenting cell do to the resulting peptide fragments of a microbe once digestion is complete? Multiple choice question. It incorporates the fragments into its cell membrane. It secretes antibodies. It further lyses the peptide fragments.

It incorporates the fragments into its cell membrane.

Positive selection tests to see if the ______ of a T-lymphocyte can recognize and bind to an MHC molecule. Multiple choice question. BAR BCR TAR TCR

TCR

True or False: Active and passive immunity both can be acquired naturally or artificially. True false question. True False

True

True or false: Acid is produced by the digestive and reproductive systems, aiding the immune system. True false question. True False

True

True or false: Nonpathogenic microorganisms reside on the skin of healthy individuals. True false question. True False

True

Identify the type of pathogen that interferon targets. Multiple choice question. Fungi Parasites Bacteria Viruses

Viruses

Helper T-cells contain ______. Multiple choice question. a CD4 protein a CD8 protein both CD4 and CD8 proteins

a CD4 protein

Helper T-cells contain ______. Multiple choice question. a CD4 protein both CD4 and CD8 proteins a CD8 protein

a CD4 protein

Helper T-cells contain ______. Multiple choice question. both CD4 and CD8 proteins a CD4 protein a CD8 protein

a CD4 protein

Pyrexia is the presence of ______. Multiple choice question. a fever inflammation chills pus

a fever

Antigens are usually ______. Multiple choice question. a lipid a protein or large polysaccharide a small polysaccharide or lipid a nucleic acid or protein

a protein or large polysaccharide

Lymphocytes usually first encounter their foreign antigen in ______. Multiple choice question. the bone marrow the red pulp of the spleen a secondary lymphatic structure the thymus

a secondary lymphatic structure

Lymphocytes usually first encounter their foreign antigen in ______. Multiple choice question. the red pulp of the spleen a secondary lymphatic structure the bone marrow the thymus

a secondary lymphatic structure

Lymphocytes usually first encounter their foreign antigen in ______. Multiple choice question. the red pulp of the spleen the bone marrow the thymus a secondary lymphatic structure

a secondary lymphatic structure

Lymphocytes usually first encounter their foreign antigen in ______. Multiple choice question. the thymus the red pulp of the spleen a secondary lymphatic structure the bone marrow

a secondary lymphatic structure

Multiple Select Question Select all that apply Identify the benefits of fever. Multiple select question. accelerated tissue repair denaturation of body proteins inhibition bacteria reproduction promotion of interferon activity

accelerated tissue repair inhibition bacteria reproduction promotion of interferon activity

The type of immunity that lasts longer is ______ immunity. Multiple choice question. active passive

active

Which type of hypersensitivity occurs within seconds following exposure to the antigen? Multiple choice question. subacute delayed acute

acute

Immunoglobulin E (IgE) is involved in ______. Multiple choice question. delayed hypersensitivities acute hypersensitivities subacute hypersensitivities

acute hypersensitivities

A helper T cell is first stimulated by binding to antigen presented on ______. Multiple choice question. an MHC class I molecule presented by an infected cell an MHC class I molecule presented by an APC an MHC class II molecule presented by an APC an MHC class II molecule presented by an infected cell

an MHC class II molecule presented by an APC

A helper T cell is first stimulated by binding to antigen presented on ______. Multiple choice question. an MHC class II molecule presented by an APC an MHC class II molecule presented by an infected cell an MHC class I molecule presented by an infected cell an MHC class I molecule presented by an APC

an MHC class II molecule presented by an APC

The memory response of the immune system is also called the ______ response. Multiple choice question. complement primary anamnestic

anamnestic

The secondary response of immunologic memory is often called the memory response or ______ response. Multiple choice question. integrated anaphylactic anamnestic immunologic

anamnestic

The secondary response of immunologic memory is often called the memory response or ______ response. Multiple choice question. integrated anaphylactic immunologic anamnestic

anamnestic

B-cells are primarily involved in ______-mediated immunity. Multiple choice question. antibody cell

antibody

Multiple Choice Question What is the circulating concentration of antibodies against a specific antigen called? Multiple choice question. antibody titer antigen titer complete white blood cell count

antibody titer

The first exposure to an antigen is called the ______. Multiple choice question. anamnestic response antigen challenge memory response

antigen challenge

The first exposure to an antigen is called the ______. Multiple choice question. memory response anamnestic response antigen challenge

antigen challenge

A B cell is first stimulated by Blank______. Multiple choice question. antigen presented on an MHC class I molecule of an APC antigens outside of cells antigens presented on an MHC class I molecule of an infected cell antigens presented on an MHC class II molecule of an APC

antigens outside of cells

A B cell is first stimulated by Blank______. Multiple choice question. antigens outside of cells antigens presented on an MHC class II molecule of an APC antigen presented on an MHC class I molecule of an APC antigens presented on an MHC class I molecule of an infected cell

antigens outside of cells

Interferons and complement are categories of ______. Multiple choice question. antibodies digestive enzymes antimicrobial proteins

antimicrobial proteins

Interferons and complement are categories of ______. Multiple choice question. digestive enzymes antimicrobial proteins antibodies

antimicrobial proteins

Cytotoxic T cells release granzymes onto infected cells, inducing cell death by ______. Multiple choice question. membrane attack complexes osmotic lysis plasmolysis apoptosis

apoptosis

Cytotoxic T cells release granzymes onto infected cells, inducing cell death by ______. Multiple choice question. plasmolysis apoptosis osmotic lysis membrane attack complexes

apoptosis

Immunity due to a vaccine is an example of ______. Multiple choice question. artificially acquired active immunity correct artificially acquired passive immunity naturally acquired passive immunity naturally acquired active immunity

artificially acquired active immunity

Immunity due to a vaccine is an example of ______. Multiple choice question. artificially acquired passive immunity artificially acquired active immunity naturally acquired passive immunity naturally acquired active immunity

artificially acquired active immunity

Receiving injections of antibodies following a snake bite is an example of ______. Multiple choice question. naturally acquired passive immunity artificially acquired passive immunity

artificially acquired passive immunity

Identify the type of disorder that occurs when the immune system fails to recognize the difference between self-antigens and nonself-antigens. Multiple choice question. allergic disorders autoimmune disorders hyposensitivity disorders

autoimmune disorders

Basophils and mast cells are both proinflammatory chemical-secreting cells. Which of these two cells circulates in the blood? Multiple choice question. mast cells basophils

basophils

Select all that apply Identify the cells that produce histamine and heparin. Multiple select question. basophils neutrophils mast cells macrophages

basophils mast cells

Because memory B cells do not last forever, you need to get a(n) ______ shot for tetanus every ten years. Multiple choice question. adjuvant complementary animistic booster

booster

Most vaccines do not trigger a ______-mediated response. Multiple choice question. antibody cell

cell

T-lymphocytes are a part of ______ immunity. Multiple choice question. cellular humoral

cellular

Identify the waxy secretion secreted by the external auditory meatus that may trap microbes. Multiple choice question. cerumen lactic acid sebum hydrochloric acid

cerumen

Identify the process in which cells migrate along a chemical gradient, attracting immune system cells. Multiple choice question. diapedesis margination chemotaxis

chemotaxis

The antibody titer is a measure of the concentration of a specific antibody in the ______. Multiple choice question. thyroid gland urine spleen circulating blood

circulating blood

Select all that apply Identify factors that affect an antigen's immunogenicity. Multiple select question. complexity size methionine content polarity

complexity size

The stem of an antibody contains which of the following regions? Multiple choice question. hinge constant antigen-binding variable

constant

Select all that apply Which of the following components are required for the process of class switching to occur? Multiple select question. cytokines CD154 protein CD40 surface protein MHC class I proteins

cytokines CD154 protein CD40 surface protein

Select all that apply Activated helper T cells release which two of the following to stimulate other immune cells? Multiple select question. granzymes membrane attack complexes cytokines perforins interleukins

cytokines interleukins

Various complement proteins kill target cells through the creation of a protein channel that allows fluid to enter the cell. Identify the name of this process. Multiple choice question. opsonization inflammation cytolysis

cytolysis

Select all that apply Activated helper T cells are required to activate which of the following? Multiple select question. antigen presenting cells NK cells cytotoxic T cells B cells

cytotoxic T cells B cells

CD8 cells are also called ______. Multiple choice question. helper T-cells complement deactivaters antibodies cytotoxic T-cells

cytotoxic T-cells

Multiple Choice Question CD8 cells are also called ______. Multiple choice question. complement deactivaters antibodies helper T-cells cytotoxic T-cells

cytotoxic T-cells

Identify the last event of a fever. Multiple choice question. defervescence onset stadium

defervescence

Select all that apply Identify the antigen-presenting cells. Multiple select question. hepatic cells dendritic cells macrophages B-lymphocytes

dendritic cells macrophages B-lymphocytes

Identify the process by which cells squeeze out of the bloodstream and migrate to sites of infection. Multiple choice question. diapedesis margination chemotaxis

diapedesis

What does the antigen-presenting cell do to a microbe once it is engulfed? Multiple choice question. mixes the microbe with water and sugars adds a protein coat to the microbe digests the microbe into peptide fragments

digests the microbe into peptide fragments

IgA is most often a ______. Multiple choice question. dimer pentamer monomer

dimer

IgA is most often a ______. Multiple choice question. pentamer dimer monomer

dimer

Hives, allergic asthma, and allergic rhinitis may occur during the ______ phase of acute hypersensitivity. Multiple choice question. activation effector sensitization

effector

Hives, allergic asthma, and allergic rhinitis may occur during the ______ phase of acute hypersensitivity. Multiple choice question. sensitization effector activation

effector

The various ways that activated lymphocytes combat an antigen are collectively referred to as the ______ response. Multiple choice question. effector recirculation antigen receptor

effector

Phagocytic cells ______. Multiple choice question. engulf unwanted infectious agents produce viruses produce antibodies

engulf unwanted infectious agents

Phagocytic cells ______. Multiple choice question. produce antibodies engulf unwanted infectious agents produce viruses

engulf unwanted infectious agents

Phagocytic cells ______. Multiple choice question. produce viruses produce antibodies engulf unwanted infectious agents

engulf unwanted infectious agents

Identify the immune system cells that target parasites. Multiple choice question. eosinophils neutrophils erythrocytes basophils

eosinophils

Which type of white blood cell targets multicellular parasites? Multiple choice question. monocytes basophils eosinophils

eosinophils

Fungi are composed of ______ cells. Multiple choice question. prokaryotic eukaryotic

eukaryotic

A process involving proteins that are engulfed from outside a cell is called an ______ pathway. Multiple choice question. exogenous endogenous

exogenous

During inflammation, increased fluid, protein, and immune cells leave the capillaries and enter the interstitial space. This material is called ______. Multiple choice question. exudate kinins interleukins complement

exudate

Plasma cells typically produce antibodies ______. Multiple choice question. while circulating in the lymph directly onto an infected cell while circulating in the blood from the lymph nodes

from the lymph nodes

Mycoses are ______ diseases. Multiple choice question. viral fungal correct parasitic bacterial

fungal

Molds and yeast are types of ______. Multiple choice question. bacteria viruses protozoan fungi

fungi

Identify the type of cell that becomes an epidermal dendritic cell. Multiple choice question. monocyte B-lymphocyte T-lymphocyte neutrophil

monocyte

Identify the type of cell that becomes an epidermal dendritic cell. Multiple choice question. monocyte B-lymphocyte neutrophil T-lymphocyte

monocyte

IgG usually exists as a ______. Multiple choice question. monomer dimer pentamer

monomer

Tapeworms are an example of ______. Multiple choice question. fungi viruses bacteria protozoans multicellular parasites

multicellular parasites

Select all that apply Identify the five major categories of infectious agents. Multiple select question. inhalants multicellular parasites fungi bacteria protozoans viruses

multicellular parasites fungi bacteria protozoans viruses

T-lymphocytes that have not yet been exposed to their specific foreign antigen are called ______ T-lymphocytes. Multiple choice question. immunocompetent antigen presenting naive

naive

T-lymphocytes that have not yet been exposed to their specific foreign antigen are called ______ T-lymphocytes. Multiple choice question. naive antigen presenting immunocompetent

naive

T-lymphocytes that have not yet been exposed to their specific foreign antigen are called ______ T-lymphocytes. Multiple choice question. naive immunocompetent antigen presenting

naive

Identify the immune cell that is part of innate immunity. Multiple choice question. plasma cell natural killer cell T cell B cell

natural killer cell

Being exposed to the cold virus and subsequently getting the cold results in ______. Multiple choice question. naturally acquired active immunity artificially acquired active immunity

naturally acquired active immunity

Identify the type of immunity that is passed from mother to baby through the placenta. Multiple choice question. naturally acquired passive immunity artificially acquired passive immunity naturally acquired active immunity incorrect artificially acquired active immunity

naturally acquired passive immunity

Lymphocytes are tested to see that they do not bind to any self-antigens. This test is called ______. Multiple choice question. negative selection positive selection

negative selection

When antibodies completely cover the surface of a virus so it can no longer infect a cell, it is said to be ______. Multiple choice question. agglutinated opsonized precipitated neutralized

neutralized

When antibodies completely cover the surface of a virus so it can no longer infect a cell, it is said to be ______. Multiple choice question. neutralized opsonized agglutinated precipitated

neutralized

Innate immunity is ______. Multiple choice question. nonspecific specific

nonspecific

Natural killer cells provide ______ immunity. Multiple choice question. nonspecific specific

nonspecific

The second time you are exposed to the identical antigen, you produce more antibodies more quickly because ______. Multiple choice question. there are more NK cells in circulation the helper T cells from the first infection are still active of the presence of memory B cells the plasma cells from the first infection are still active

of the presence of memory B cells

The process of antibodies coating a bacterium, making it easier for macrophages to engulf it, is called ______. Multiple choice question. precipitation respiration opsonization fragmentation

opsonization

The process of antibodies coating a bacterium, making it easier for macrophages to engulf it, is called ______. Multiple choice question. respiration fragmentation opsonization precipitation

opsonization

The exogenous pathway involves engulfing pathogens from ______ the cells. Multiple choice question. inside outside

outside

Activated cytotoxic T cells destroy foreign or infected cells using ______. Multiple choice question. interleukin-2 perforins and granzymes membrane attack complexes antibodies

perforins and granzymes

Activated cytotoxic T cells destroy foreign or infected cells using ______. Multiple choice question. membrane attack complexes perforins and granzymes interleukin-2 antibodies

perforins and granzymes

Which is not an example of an antigen? Multiple choice question. cell wall of fungi bacterial toxins plasma

plasma

Antigen presentation is the display of an antigen on a cell's ______. Multiple choice question. nucleolus plasma membrane nucleus ribosomes

plasma membrane

T-lymphocytes that can bind with thymic epithelial cells that have MHC molecules have passed a test called ______. Multiple choice question. negative selection positive selection

positive selection

When antibodies clump together viral particles,they become insoluble, or ______. Multiple choice question. agglutinated opsonized precipitated neutralized

precipitated

The first time you are exposed to a particular strain of flu virus, your production of antibodies is called the ______ response. Multiple choice question. lag animistic latent primary

primary

Bacteria are made of ______ cells. Multiple choice question. prokaryotic eukaryotic

prokaryotic

A membrane attack complex is the name for a ______. Multiple choice question. complement protein protein channel plasma membrane

protein channel

Cytokines are ______. Multiple choice question. proteins pieces of DNA lipids carbohydrates

proteins

The complement system is made of 30 different ______. Multiple choice question. proteins carbohydrates nucleic acids lipids

proteins

Malaria is an example of a disease caused by ______. Multiple choice question. fungi bacteria protozoans viruses

protozoans

Identify the location of leukocyte formation. Multiple choice question. thyroid gland trachea yellow bone marrow thymus gland red bone marrow

red bone marrow

Identify the first event of inflammation. Multiple choice question. recruitment of immune cells delivery of plasma proteins release of chemicals vasodilation

release of chemicals

Identify the first event of inflammation. Multiple choice question. release of chemicals correct recruitment of immune cells vasodilation delivery of plasma proteins

release of chemicals

Identify the structure that synthesizes MHC class I molecules. Multiple choice question. mitochondria rough endoplasmic reticulum smooth endoplasmic ribosomes

rough endoplasmic reticulum

Identify the structure that synthesizes MHC class I molecules. Multiple choice question. ribosomes rough endoplasmic reticulum smooth endoplasmic mitochondria

rough endoplasmic reticulum

T-lymphocytes learn to ignore self-antigens, a state referred to as ______. Multiple choice question. self-tolerance autoimmune

self-tolerance

The second time you are exposed to the same antigen, the lag phase will be ______ and you will produce ______ antibodies. Multiple choice question. shorter; more longer; more longer; fewer shorter; fewer

shorter; more

Select all that apply Identify factors that affect an antigen's immunogenicity. Multiple select question. polarity size methionine content complexity

size complexity

Where are epidermal dendritic cells located? Multiple choice question. skin brain intestines lungs

skin

Viruses are ______ than bacterial cells. Multiple choice question. smaller larger

smaller

Antibodies target ______ antigens. Multiple choice question. nonspecific specific

specific

Where are foreign antigens found in the blood usually taken? Multiple choice question. lymph node spleen tonsils

spleen

Where are foreign antigens found in the blood usually taken? Multiple choice question. spleen tonsils lymph node

spleen

Identify the type of hypersensitivity that occurs within 1 to 3 hours of exposure. Multiple choice question. acute hypersensitivities delayed hypersensitivities subacute hypersensitivities

subacute hypersensitivities

Select all that apply Identify the signs/symptoms of inflammation. Multiple select question. swelling redness pain cold skin

swelling redness pain

Antibodies ______. Multiple choice question. destroy pathogens directly lyse infected cells with perforins produce granzymes that puncture bacterial cell membranes tag pathogens for destruction by other cells

tag pathogens for destruction by other cells

Dendritic cells are found in ______. Multiple choice question. lung tissue blood the skin

the skin

T-lymphocytes mature in the ________.

thymus

Antibody ______ in blood serum is one measure of immunologic memory. Multiple choice question. shape type titer color

titer

An antibody monomer is made of ______. Multiple choice question. two heavy chains and two light chains two heavy chains and one light chain one heavy chain and two light chains one heavy chain and one light chain

two heavy chains and two light chains

Protozoans are ______ organisms. Multiple choice question. multicellular unicellular

unicellular

What is the region of an antibody that makes it antigen-specific? Multiple choice question. complement region class region variable region constant region

variable region

Which occurs during inflammation? Multiple choice question. vasoconstriction vasodilation

vasodilation

Identify the name for the hairs in the nose that trap microbes. Multiple choice question. normal flora cilia vibrissae correct sebum

vibrissae

Colds and influenza are caused by ______. Multiple choice question. fungi bacteria viruses protozoans

viruses

HIV is identified as AIDS when which of the following occurs? Multiple choice question. when the patient tests positive for the HIV virus when the patient's helper T cells drop below 900 cells per cubic mL when the patient develops an opportunistic infection

when the patient develops an opportunistic infection

HIV is identified as AIDS when which of the following occurs? Multiple choice question. when the patient's helper T cells drop below 900 cells per cubic mL when the patient tests positive for the HIV virus when the patient develops an opportunistic infection

when the patient develops an opportunistic infection