BIO 41L Genetics
A gene mutation may result in what three outcomes?
A protein that is harmful The same or similar protein or A protein that is better than the original
What are wells?
A row of holes at one end of the gel.
What is DNA fingerprinting?
A tool used for forensic science to identify individuals in criminal cases
What do our gene code for?
DNA
Explain 2 structural ways in which DNA and RNA differ
DNA (A,T), RNA (A,U) DNA has two strands, RNA is a single strand
organismal genetics
One individual A subfield in genetics that deals with the individual.
Each nucleotide consists of which three components?
Phosphate Sugar Base
How did gene therapy cure disease?
Switches off road genes that causes skids
molecular genetics
The molecules that genes are made of The study of the structure and function of DNA and RNA
In DNA, Adenine (A) always pairs with ___ and Cytosine (C) always bonds with ___
Thymine (T) , Guanine(G)
What was the stop codon that was transcribed?
UAA UAG UGA
In RNA, Adenine (A) always pairs with ___ and Cytosine (C) always bonds with ___
Uracil (U), Guanine (G)
What is gel electrophoresis?
Utilizes a simple small plastic box with a thin layer of gel made from agarose, which is a substance found in seaweed.
Transcription
When the DNA letters are copied in RNA letters, when the DNA molecule produces a mRNA molecule
Is it possible for 2 or more codons to code for the same amino acid?
Yes AGU, Serine (Ser)
Which cells contain our genome?
germ cells
nucleic acid
information storage molecule
haploid
one set of chromosomes
Translation
the mRNA molecule is translated into a different language When the mRNA is translated to a protein
Diploid
two sets of chromosomes, one from each parent
Gene
"recipes" that build proteins
What are the four nucleotides (letters) of DNA?
(A, T, C, G)
Population genetics
A group of individuals of the same species. A subfield in genetics that deals with genetic differences within and between populations.
How does gel electrophoresis work?
Buffer solution is used to help conduct electricity. The DNA is placed into the wells and an electrical current is turned on. The wells are at the negative end and they will begin to move toward the positive end. The DNA samples have a dye in them to let you know the progress of the electrophoresis. Each DNA fragment will move at a different rate according to their size. After the electrophoresis is finished, you will stain the DNA in the gel and you will be able to see the DNA more clearly. A different DNA fingerprint will emerge for each person.
All life as we know it shares the same translating dictionary, what is it called and how does it work?
Genetic code
What does GM stand for?
Genetically Modified
Who figured out the basic rules of genetics?
Gregor Mendel
What is gene therapy?
Insertion, alteration, or removal of genes in order to treat disease
What is the Human Genome Project?
International scientific research project that seeks to determine the sequence of chemical base pairs
How do you sequence a genome, what are some of the steps involved?
Practices several copies of a section of DNA represented as a page of text are cleaned to produce smaller fragments. A small scale shotgun.
What disease was gene therapy recently used to cure?
SCID, Sever Combined Immune Deficiency