BIO Ch. 13 Test Bank

MATCH HORMONE TO FUNCTION: causes ejection of milk into ducts during breast-feeding A) insulin B) LH C) oxytocin D) calcitonin E) ACTH F) aldosterone

C) oxytocin

All of the following may result from untreated diabetes mellitus EXCEPT which one? A) neural disorders B) kidney failure C) blindness D) cardiovascular disorders E) increased susceptibility to cancer

E) increased susceptibility to cancer

A goiter results from low dietary iodine levels A) because the hypothalamus cannot be inhibited without iodine. B) because ADH levels rise controllably. C) due to the activity of the anterior pituitary gland. D) as glucagon levels elevate. E) because thyroxine cannot be made, which results in high levels of TSH.

E) because thyroxine cannot be made, which results in high levels of TSH.

Nonsteroid hormones differ from steroid hormones in that they A) cause a change to occur in the target cell. B) bind to an intracellular receptor. C) are water insoluble. D) cannot be stored. E) bind to a receptor on the outer surface of the cell membrane.

E) bind to a receptor on the outer surface of the cell membrane.

MATCH HORMONE TO ITS TARGET ORGAN: growth hormone A) ovary, testis B) breasts C) adrenal cortex D) anterior pituitary E) stomach F) thyroid G) kidney H) muscles and bones

H) muscles and bones

________ cells have axons that can transmit nerve impulses in addition to being able to secrete hormones like endocrine cells.

Neuroendocrine

Which of the following tissues/organs is NOT a member of the endocrine system? A) kidney B) salivary gland C) adrenal gland D) thyroid gland E) stomach

C) adrenal gland

Hyposecretion of ADH results in A) stimulation of protein synthesis. B) reduced uptake of blood glucose. C) diabetes insipidus. D) an increase in the mass and length of bones. E) overstimulation of cell division.

C) diabetes insipidus.

Which one of the following hormone pairs is antagonistic, in that they have opposing effects? A) estrogen, progesterone B) epinephrine, norepinephrine C) glucagon, insulin D) oxytocin, prolactin E) thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3)

C) glucagon, insulin

Which one of the following is required in the diet in order for active thyroid hormones to be produced? A) calcium B) phosphorus C) iodine D) zinc E) iron

C) iodine

All of the following statements about the endocrine system are TRUE EXCEPT which one? A) Many hormones are not able to cross the blood-brain barrier. B) Hormones are distributed via the circulatory system. C) Hormones exert their effects on cells that have the specific hormone receptor. D) Hormones act more quickly than the nervous system. E) The endocrine system and the nervous system frequently interact.

D) Hormones act more quickly than the nervous system.

Cortisol is a glucocorticoid that helps maintain blood glucose levels during fasting by A) stimulating the synthesis of fatty acids. B) promoting the conversion of amino acids into proteins in muscle tissues. C) increasing the glucose-dependent inflammatory response. D) promoting fat utilization. E) inhibiting glucose utilization in muscle cells.

D) promoting fat utilization.

Which one of the following causes the release of epinephrine and norepinephrine from the adrenal medulla? A) ACTH from the anterior pituitary B) AMTH form the anterior pituitary C) releasing hormone from the hypothalamus D) sympathetic nerves E) parasympathetic nerves

D) sympathetic nerves

Which two endocrine glands exert the most control over blood calcium levels? A) thyroid and ovaries B) adrenal cortex and thyroid C) anterior pituitary and adrenal cortex D) thyroid and parathyroid E) parathyroid and anterior pituitary

D) thyroid and parathyroid

When oxytocin is released during childbirth, the hormone targets cells in the A) kidneys. B) breasts. C) hypothalamus. D) uterus. E) breasts and uterus.

D) uterus.

MATCH HORMONE TO FUNCTION: stimulates the release of glucocorticoids from the adrenal cortex A) insulin B) LH C) oxytocin D) calcitonin E) ACTH F) aldosterone

E) ACTH

The anterior pituitary gland produces all of the following EXCEPT which one? A) ACTH B) LH C) PRL D) TSH E) ADH

E) ADH

MATCH HORMONE TO ITS TARGET ORGAN: ADH A) ovary, testis B) breasts C) adrenal cortex D) anterior pituitary E) stomach F) thyroid G) kidney H) muscles and bones

G) kidney

TRUE/FALSE: Steroid hormones typically move across the cell and nuclear membranes to bind to receptors in the nucleus.

TRUE

TRUE/FALSE: When the amount of thyroxine in the body increases, the basal metabolic rate of the body also increases.

TRUE

Nonsteroid hormones are ________ acting than steroid hormones because they activate molecules that are already present in the target cell in an inactive form.

faster

The endocrine cells of the pancreas are located in small groupings throughout the organ known as the ________.

islets of Langerhans or pancreatic islets (either answer is correct)

The pineal gland secretes ________, also known as the "hormone of darkness."

melatonin

Hormones important in internal homeostatic control mechanisms are generally part of a(n) ________ feedback loop.

negative

Nonsteroid hormones require a(n) ________ on the cell surface to communicate with cells.

receptor

All of following statements are TRUE regarding estrogen and progesterone, EXCEPT which one? A) They are produced and secreted by the ovaries in response to hormones from the anterior pituitary gland. B) They are released during a female's reproductive years. C) They are peptide hormones that activate target cells through the cyclic AMP second messenger mechanism. D) They regulate the menstrual cycle. E) They stimulate development of female secondary sex characteristics.

C) They are peptide hormones that activate target cells through the cyclic AMP second messenger mechanism.

Insulin helps regulate blood sugar at homeostatic levels by A) stimulating alpha cells of the pancreas to produce more hormones. B) promoting the entry of glucose into cells. C) stimulating the breakdown of glycogen to glucose. D) activating hormone production in the posterior pituitary gland. E) promoting the breakdown of fat.

B) promoting the entry of glucose into cells.

MATCH HORMONE TO ITS TARGET ORGAN: gastrin A) ovary, testis B) breasts C) adrenal cortex D) anterior pituitary E) stomach F) thyroid G) kidney H) muscles and bones

E) stomach

Diabetes type ________ occurs when the pancreas cannot produce enough insulin.

1

The following is a list of events involved in the activation of a cell by a steroid hormone. Which one of the following answers best represents the order in which the steps occur? 1. cellular response to the hormone 2. activation of a gene 3. formation of a hormone-receptor complex 4. diffusion of the hormone through a target cell membrane 5. production of a protein A) 4, 3, 2, 5, 1 B) 2, 5, 4, 3, 1 C) 5, 3, 4, 1, 2 D) 2, 5, 1, 3, 4 E) 4, 3, 2, 1, 5

A) 4, 3, 2, 5, 1

MATCH HORMONE TO ITS TARGET ORGAN: ACTH A) ovary, testis B) breasts C) adrenal cortex D) anterior pituitary E) stomach F) thyroid G) kidney H) muscles and bones

C) adrenal cortex

Hormones act upon specific target tissues because A) they interact only with target cells at a synapse. B) they are released next to target tissues, so they cannot interact with other cells. C) target tissues display the appropriate receptor for a particular hormone. D) they can be released only following depolarization of the target cell. E) the blood has access to all body tissues.

C) target tissues display the appropriate receptor for a particular hormone.

The action of nonsteroid hormones often results in conversion of ATP to cyclic AMP, which then functions A) as an internal receptor for steroid hormones. B) as an enzyme in the generation of ATP. C) to initiate a cascade of enzyme activations. D) to stimulate the release of the original hormone from the cell surface receptor. E) as a secondary hormone released into the bloodstream.

C) to initiate a cascade of enzyme activations.

MATCH HORMONE TO ITS TARGET ORGAN: GnRH A) ovary, testis B) breasts C) adrenal cortex D) anterior pituitary E) stomach F) thyroid G) kidney H) muscles and bones

D) anterior pituitary

TRUE/FALSE: Calcitonin and PTH have opposing effects on blood calcium levels.

TRUE

Although most of the estrogen and testosterone produced in the human body is made by the ovaries and testes, respectively, small amounts of these hormones are also produced by the ________.

adrenal cortex

Gigantism is caused by hypersecretion of ________ hormone during childhood and adolescence.

growth

Neuroendocrine cells can be found in the ________.

hypothalamus, adrenal cortex, posterior pituitary (any term can be used)

A student just finished a delicious breakfast of pancakes with syrup, orange juice, and Danish pastries. Because his blood sugar level has increased, the pancreas secretes ________.

insulin

Releasing and inhibiting hormones from the hypothalamus are carried to the anterior pituitary gland by the ________.

pituitary portal system

The effect of parathyroid hormone is to ________ blood calcium levels.

raise

Hormones from the anterior pituitary gland are not secreted unless they are stimulated to be released by ________ from the hypothalamus.

releasing hormones

Prednisone is a glucocorticoid hormone that is sometimes prescribed to treat rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, and severe allergic reactions. If prednisone were taken for several weeks, which one of the following might occur? A) Production of natural cortisol may decrease. B) Production of estrogen by the ovaries may decrease. C) Levels of thyroid hormone may be elevated. D) Levels of aldosterone may be elevated. E) Levels of parathyroid hormone may be decreased.

A) Production of natural cortisol may decrease.

The ovaries of women function as endocrine organs by producing A) estrogen and progesterone. B) oxytocin. C) growth hormone. D) ADH. E) prostaglandins.

A) estrogen and progesterone.

Luteinizing hormone is considered a gonadotropin because of which one of the following reasons? A) It stimulates the growth and development of gonads, but only in females. B) It stimulates the growth but not the development of gonads in males. C) It promotes the growth of reproductive organs in both males and females. D) It functions to complement the activity of TSH. E) It triggers the production of gonadotropin hormones.

C) It promotes the growth of reproductive organs in both males and females.

Insufficient production of growth hormone by the anterior pituitary may result in A) diabetes insipidus. B) a drop in blood glucose levels. C) acromegaly. D) dwarfism. E) gigantism.

D) dwarfism.

TRUE/FALSE: Epinephrine and norepinephrine secreted by the adrenal gland enhance the response of the parasympathetic nervous system.

FALSE

TRUE/FALSE: Erythropoietin, a hormone secreted by the liver, stimulates red blood cell production in the bone marrow.

FALSE

TRUE/FALSE: Every hormone in the human body needs to interact with an appropriate receptor on the target cell's membrane before it can cause a response.

FALSE

TRUE/FALSE: In females, LH promotes the monthly development of the egg and FSH causes release of the egg from the ovary.

FALSE

TRUE/FALSE: Insulin helps regulate blood sugar levels by stimulating the release of glucose from glycogen stores.

FALSE

TRUE/FALSE: Nonsteroid hormones cause the production of ATP from cAMP.

FALSE

TRUE/FALSE: The alpha, beta, and delta cells located in the islets of Langerhans of the thyroid produce three different hormones that are important in the regulation of sodium and potassium levels of the blood.

FALSE

TRUE/FALSE: The responsiveness of cells to calcitonin increases as an individual ages; maximum responsiveness occurs in elderly individuals as a mechanism to improve the stability and strength of bones.

FALSE

TRUE/FALSE: The secretion of oxytocin during childbirth stimulates ADH release by the anterior pituitary gland.

FALSE

________ of growth hormone during childhood can result in pituitary dwarfism.

Hyposecretion

Which one of the following is caused by the secretion of atrial natriuretic hormone by the heart? A) decrease in blood pressure B) decrease in blood calcium level C) decrease in kidney function D) increase of blood sugar level E) increased production of fats and proteins

A) decrease in blood pressure

MATCH HORMONE TO FUNCTION: stimulates cell uptake of glucose by cells throughout the body A) insulin B) LH C) oxytocin D) calcitonin E) ACTH F) aldosterone

A) insulin

During times of stress, which one of the following glands stimulates the anterior pituitary to release ACTH? A) hypothalamus B) pancreas C) adrenal medulla D) posterior pituitary E) anterior pituitary

A) hypothalamus

The pituitary gland is often called the "master of the endocrine system" because A) it secretes eight different hormones that in turn regulate many of the other endocrine glands. B) all other hormones must be activated by enzymes released by the pituitary gland. C) it contains neuroendocrine cells that activate many of the other endocrine glands. D) all blood vessels must pass through the pituitary so hormones can be regulated. E) releasing and inhibiting factors for most other endocrine glands are released by the pituitary.

A) it secretes eight different hormones that in turn regulate many of the other endocrine glands.

MATCH HORMONE TO ITS TARGET ORGAN: LH A) ovary, testis B) breasts C) adrenal cortex D) anterior pituitary E) stomach F) thyroid G) kidney H) muscles and bones

A) ovary, testis

Which one of the following nonhormonal chemical messengers is important in local control of blood flow and blood clotting? A) prostaglandins B) nerve growth factor C) tumor angiogenesis growth factor D) histamine E) epidermal growth factor

A) prostaglandins

Steroid hormones depend on receptors inside the cell because these hormones are ________ soluble.

lipid

FSH is a hormone important to the proper functioning of the ovaries and testes. This hormone will not be released from the anterior pituitary until ________ is released from the hypothalamus. A) TSH B) GnRH C) ACTH D) LH E) PRL

B) GnRH

MATCH HORMONE TO FUNCTION: causes release of the egg from the ovary A) insulin B) LH C) oxytocin D) calcitonin E) ACTH F) aldosterone

B) LH

Which one of the following hormones stimulates the production of testosterone in males? A) prolactin B) LH C) aldosterone D) FSH E) growth hormone

B) LH

Thyroxine is released from the thyroid gland in response to the presence of A) ACTH. B) TSH. C) FSH. D) LH. E) GH.

B) TSH.

MATCH HORMONE TO FUNCTION: lowers blood calcium levels A) insulin B) LH C) oxytocin D) calcitonin E) ACTH F) aldosterone

D) calcitonin

Uptake of blood glucose by liver cells is stimulated by A) ADH. B) prolactin. C) parathyroid hormone. D) glucagon. E) insulin.

E) insulin.

MATCH HORMONE TO FUNCTION: promotes sodium uptake and potassium excretion A) insulin B) LH C) oxytocin D) calcitonin E) ACTH F) aldosterone

F) aldosterone

MATCH HORMONE TO ITS TARGET ORGAN: thyrotropin A) ovary, testis B) breasts C) adrenal cortex D) anterior pituitary E) stomach F) thyroid G) kidney H) muscles and bones

F) thyroid

TRUE/FALSE: Disorders associated with the endocrine system can be caused by problems with hormone production or lack of receptors for the hormones on the target cells.

TRUE

TRUE/FALSE: During prolonged fasting, cortisol assists in maintaining blood glucose levels by stimulating the conversion of proteins to amino acids in muscle.

TRUE

TRUE/FALSE: Graves disease is an autoimmune disorder in which a person's thyroid is stimulated to produce too much thyroxine.

TRUE

Thymosin and thymopoietin are secreted by the ________.

thymus

The thymus produces two peptides that function to A) regulate iodine levels in the thyroid. B) aid in the maturation of T lymphocytes. C) regulate thyroxine release. D) increase blood calcium levels. E) promote the breakdown of bone.

B) aid in the maturation of T lymphocytes.

TRUE/FALSE: Nitric oxide helps regulate blood flow in many tissues and is involved in the development and control of penile erection.

TRUE

TRUE/FALSE: Somatostatin functions to inhibit both insulin and glucagon.

TRUE

TRUE/FALSE: The levels of potassium and sodium in the body are regulated primarily by the hormone aldosterone.

TRUE

An individual, driving through his neighborhood, suddenly jams on his car brakes to avoid hitting a child who runs into the road after a ball. A few seconds later, the driver finds that he is shaking and his heart is pounding. This is primarily due to the secretion of which one of the following? A) epinephrine from the adrenal medulla B) cortisol from the adrenal cortex C) insulin from the pancreas D) thyroxine from the thyroid E) norepinephrine from the adrenal cortex

A) epinephrine from the adrenal medulla

MATCH HORMONE TO ITS TARGET ORGAN: prolactin A) ovary, testis B) breasts C) adrenal cortex D) anterior pituitary E) stomach F) thyroid G) kidney H) muscles and bones

B) breasts