Bio Ch 8

What chromosomes belong to a normal human female?

44 autosomes and 2 X chromosomes

What chromosomes belong to a normal human male?

46 autosomes, one X chromosome, and one Y chromosome

What is the difference between a benign and a malignant tumor?

Benign tumors do not metastasize; malignant tumors do

Which of the following occurs during interphase?

Chromosome duplication occurs

Chromatin consists of ________.

DNA and protein

In meiosis, how does prophase I differ from prophase II?

During prophase I there is one diploid cell; during prophase II there are two haploid cells.

Which of the following is the best description of the events of anaphase I?

Homologous chromosomes randomly separate and migrate to opposite poles.

A(n) ________ is an example of an organism that can sometimes reproduce asexually by parthenogenesis.

Komodo dragon

Which of these events occurs during anaphase?

Sister chromatids become separate chromosomes

Which of the following occurs during prophase?

The mitotic spindle begins to form

Philosophically, what is the cause of these genetic abnormalities

a consequence of sin in the world

Haploid cells have________while diploid cells have ______

a single set of the genetic material, two set of the genetic material

Sexual reproduction in humans ________.

allows a haploid sperm cell to fertilize a haploid egg cell

Chromosomes that do NOT determine the sex of an individual are called ________.

autosomes

Somatic cells are _______ while gametes are _______

body cells, sperm and egg cells

Homologous chromosomes ________.

carry genes controlling the same inherited characteristics

Sister chromatids are joined at the ________.

centromere

During metaphase, ________.

chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell

The function of independent assortment is

create genetic diversity in the offspring

Which of the following is a characteristic seen in prophase I that does NOT occur in prophase II?

crossing over occurs

One celled organisms reproducing asexually produce _____cells while most multicellular organisms reproduce sexually by _____ cells

diploid, haploid

Which of the following syndromes is a result of autosomal non-disjunction

downs

How much genetic material is present in a cell during prophase I compared to a cell that has completed meiosis II?

four times as much

A cell that completed the cell cycle without undergoing cytokinesis would ________.

have two nuclei

What is assorted or separated during independent assortment?

homologous chromosomes

During metaphase I, ________.

homologous chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell

At anaphase I_______ is separated while at anaphase II _______is separated

homologous chromosomes, sister chromatids

One difference between mitosis and meiosis is ________.

mitosis produces cells genetically identical to the parent cell, but meiosis does not

Cancer is all of the following except

normal cellular growth

The chromosomes of eukaryotic cells are found in the ________.

nucleus

God designed parthenogenesis for some of His creatures to

preserves the creature in time of stress

Ordinary cell division produces two daughter cells that are genetically identical. This type of cell division is important for all of the following functions EXCEPT ________.

production of sperm and egg

The CORRECT sequence of stages of mitosis is ________.

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

Which of the following will help prevent cancer and increase survival?

seek early detection of tumors

A duplicated chromosome consists of two ________.

sister chromatids

Centrosomes produce _________________ while spindle microtubules____________

spindle microtubules, guide the separation of the chromosomes

Cytokinesis typically begins during the ________ stage of mitosis.

telophase

Which of the following is a stage of mitosis?

telophase

During telophase, ________.

the events of prophase are reversed

At the end of meiosis,

there are 4 haploid cells

The purpose of cell replicating its genetic material before mitosis is

to divide the genetic material and yet maintain the same original amount

The karyotype above shows ________.

trisomy 21, a cause of Down syndrome

The mitotic cell cycle results in the production of ________.

two cells, each with the same amount of genetic material and the same genetic information

Upon completion of telophase I and cytokinesis, there is(are) ________ cell(s).

two haploid

Non-disjunction occurs

when homologous chromosomes and sister chromatids fail to separate