BIO - Ch19 - Blood Vessels

Which of the following is true regarding the inferior vena cava? It is colored red in diagrams. It lacks a tunica externa. It is considered a large vein. It has a very thick tunica media. It carries oxygenated blood.

It is considered a large vein.

________ refers to all the factors that resist blood flow in the entire circulatory system.

Total peripheral resistance

The systemic circuit delivers oxygenated blood to ________ and returns blood to the ________.

body organs; right atrium

Metabolites exchange by diffusion with the tissues and the cells in which of the following locations?

capillary

Capillaries that have a complete lining are called

continuous capillaries

Which of the following factors will not increase the net filtration pressure to move fluid out of capillaries? decreased lymphatic flow increased blood hydrostatic pressure decreased net filtration rate decreased plasma albumin decreased blood colloidal pressure

decreased net filtration rate

The superior vena cava collect blood from the

head, chest, and upper limbs

Edema is not favored when endothelial permeability goes up. the plasma concentration of albumin is reduced. capillary hydrostatic pressure is elevated. liver damage decreases production of blood proteins. interstitial fluid movement increases.

interstitial fluid movement increases.

As blood travels from arteries to veins,

pressure drops

Which of the following break(s) the rule that arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart?

pulmonary arteries

Each of the following will lead to a decrease in blood pressure except release of renin. decrease in blood volume. decreased peripheral resistance. reduced thirst. increased levels of ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide).

release of renin.

Blood returning from the systemic circuit enters the

right atrium.

Blood is pumped into the pulmonary circuit from the

right ventricle.

Total peripheral resistance is related to all of the following except the flow characteristics. the length of a blood vessel. the osmolarity of interstitial fluids. blood viscosity. blood vessel diameter.

the osmolarity of interstitial fluids.

All of the following contributes to turbulent blood flow except third and fourth heart sounds. when there are sudden changes in vessel diameter. when there are irregularities in the vessel wall. at high flow rates. when heart valves open.

third and fourth heart sounds.

Which layer of a blood vessel contains concentric sheets of smooth muscle tissue?

tunica media

The muscular layer of a blood vessel is the

tunica media.

The process of decrease in any vessel diameter that occurs due to smooth muscle contraction is called

vasoconstriction.

If a person has a blood pressure of 120/90, his mean arterial pressure would be ________ mm Hg.

100

Blood pressure is lowest in the

veins

How is blood pressure maintained in veins to counter the force of gravity? (Module 19.4B)

Blood pressure is maintained in veins by the contractions of surrounding skeletal muscles that squeeze venous blood toward the heart and the presence of valves which prevent backflow of the blood.

At what sties in the body are fenestrated capillaries located? (Module 19.3B)

Fenestrated capillaries are located in endocrine glands, the choroid plexus of the brain, absorptive areas of the intestine, and filtration areas of the kidneys.

Which is greater: arterial pressure or venous pressure? (Module 19.5B)

arterial pressure

Elastic fibers in the walls of which vessels are stretched as the heart beats?

arteries

Pulmonary arteries carry blood to the

lungs

Each of the following factors would increase peripheral resistance except elevated hematocrit. increased sympathetic stimulation. irregularities in the vessel walls caused by plaques. vasodilation. elevated levels of epinephrine.

vasodilation

Venoconstriction reduces the diameter of which vessel?

vein

The large vessels that return blood to the heart are called

veins

After blood leaves the capillaries, it enters the

venules