bio chap 11

What blood types and ratios can we expect the offspring to have if the parents have blood types AB and O.

1: A, 1: B

If a population has two alleles for an X-linked gene, how many different variations of male genotypes are possible?

2

Heterozygous ratio

9:3:3:1

heterozygous

An organism that has two different alleles for a trait

Autosomes

Any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome

A couple has 4 children, one of whom expresses methemoglobinemia. What can we assume about the genotypes of the parents in regards for methemoglobinemia?

Both parents are heterozygous.

Which of the following are included in Mendel's law of independent assortment?

Each pair of factors segregates independently of the other pairs. All possible combinations of factors can occur in gametes.

Codominance

Full expression of more than 1 allele

X-inked recessive inheritance

Males most likely to inherit because of the one x allele, skips generations

incomplete penetrance

Not all individuals with a mutant genotype show the mutant phenotype

Premises of Mendel's law of of segregation

Random fusion of all possible gametes occurred upon fertilization, providing each gamete two copies of each factor Gametes contain only one of the two parental factors Individuals have two factors for each trait The factors separate during gamete formation Developed by inheritance

incomplete dominance

Situation in which one allele is not completely dominant over another allele

pleiotropy

The ability of a single gene to have multiple effects.

Autosomal recessive

Trait can skip generations

red-green color blindness

What type of vision would a male with the genotype, XbY have?

Males

X linked traits carry so the y trait gives a male a more likely hood to pair with a recessive allele

Huntington's disease

autosomal dominant disorder

A female with congenital Methemoglobinemia has five children with an unaffected man, none of whom are affected by this disorder. Methemoglobinemia is a(n) __________ disorder.

autosomal recessive

Q1 and Q2 are different alleles of a single gene and are both completely expressed in a heterozygous individual. This type of inheritance is termed

codominant

polygenic inheritance

combined effect of two or more genes on a single character

dihybrid

cross between an organism with an unknown genotype and an organism with a recessive phenotype (16 possible genotypes) 1/16 possible for recessive trait

Independent assortment states that alleles that are inherited independently must be located on ________ homologous chromosomes.

different

Which type of inheritance pattern is occurring if one gene is overriding another, such as the gene HERC2 gene producing blue eyes even in the presence of OCA2?

epistatic inheritance

XY chromosomes

hemizygous

recessive allele

hh, skipped generation of less probable factor

autosomal dominant

inheritance pattern of a dominant allele on an autosome Cannot skip generations As is recessive

only individuals who are homozygous recessive for the allele for this disorder are affected.

methemoglobinemia disorder targets

Pleiotropy occurs when ______ affect(s) two or more distinct and unrelated traits.

one mutant gene, leads to genetic code malfunction- protein error

The allele that can be masked by the dominant allele is referred to as being

recessive

True or false: Each genetic outcome of a genetic cross between the same parents is independent of the others.

true