bio chapt 1-4

Which structure is located inferior and lateral to the heart? A) Liver B) Brain C) Urinary bladder D) Lung

Liver

The sternal region is commonly known as the ________. A) groin B) buttock C) breastbone D) upper arm E) navel

breastbone

The gluteal region is commonly known as the ________. A) groin B) buttock C) breastbone D) upper arm E) navel

buttock

The sural region is the ________. A) calf B) armpit C) hollow behind the knee D) neck E) thigh

calf

The type of connective tissue that contains chondrocytes, a rigid matrix of collagen fibers and proteoglycan-hyaluronic acid aggregates and few, if any, blood vessels is ________. A) cartilage B) bone tissue C) adipose tissue D) fibrous connective tissue E) muscle tissue

cartilage

While Stacy is in the process of passing over the bar during a pole vault, her hips are considered to be A) anterior to her shoulders. B) posterior to her shoulders. C) inferior to her shoulders. D) superior to her shoulders. E) cephalic to her shoulders.

inferior to her shoulders.

The secretions of endocrine glands are released directly A) onto the skin surface. B) into the bloodstream. C) into a gland duct. D) into the nervous tissue. E) into the lumen of a tube.

into the bloodstream.

Hyaluronic acid gives a very slippery quality to fluids that contain it. Hyaluronic acid A) resists stretching. B) functions as an insulator. C) is a good lubricant for joint cavities. D) promotes oxygen transport in the plasma. E) is a protein.

is a good lubricant for joint cavities.

Cartilage heals slowly after an injury because A) this tissue type is very complex. B) it contains so much proteoglycan. C) it has few, if any, blood vessels. D) it is a dead, rather than a living, tissue. E) it contains no fibroblasts.

it has few, if any, blood vessels.

Directional terms are important in the study of anatomy. What does "D" represent? A) Median B) Right C) Left D) Inferior E) Lateral

lateral

The anatomical term that means "away from the midline of the body" is ________. A) medial B) proximal C) distal D) lateral E) superficial

lateral

The thumb is ________ to the fifth digit (little finger). A) distal B) lateral C) medial D) proximal E) superficial

lateral

Blood pressure decreases below normal levels.→ Blood flow to the heart decreases → Heart is unable to pump as much blood.→ Blood pressure decreases even more. This is an example of ________ feedback. A) positive B) negative

positive

A tissue functions to provide protection for an exposed surface. This tissue is most likely ________. A) simple squamous epithelial tissue B) stratified squamous epithelial tissue C) fibrous connective tissue D) transitional epithelial tissue

simple squamous epithelial tissue

If one of the functions of the capillaries is to supply body cells with oxygen and nutrients, you would expect the capillary walls to consist of A) connective tissue. B) keratinized epithelium. C) stratified squamous epithelium. D) simple columnar epithelium. E) simple squamous epithelium.

simple squamous epithelium.

Movement of food through the digestive tract results from the action of ________ muscle. A) cardiac B) smooth C) skeletal D) striated E) voluntary

smooth

The type of muscle found in the walls of blood vessels is ________ muscle. A) cardiac B) smooth C) striated D) voluntary E) skeletal

smooth

Astronauts in zero gravity are able to move food through their digestive tracts because A) smooth muscle produces waves of contractions that propel material through the digestive tract. B) skeletal muscle puts pressure on the digestive tract. C) cardiac muscle maintains a high pressure that moves material through the digestive tract. D) striated muscle creates a pressure gradient that forces material from one end of the digestive tract to the other. E) skeletal muscle sphincters contract and allow materials to move through the digestive tract.

smooth muscle produces waves of contractions that propel material through the digestive tract.

Substances dissolved in the liquid portion of a solution are called ________. A) solutes B) solvents C) catalysts D) osmoles E) insoluble

solutes

An anatomical image created from sound waves is a/an ________. A) radiograph B) CT scan C) MRI D) sonogram

sonogram

An epithelial tissue has multiple layers, flat and irregular cell shape, dead outer layers of cells, and keratin present in some cells. This is A) pseudostratified keratinized squamous epithelium. B) simple cuboidal epithelium. C) simple transitional epithelium. D) moist stratified squamous epithelium. E) stratified keratinized squamous epithelium.

stratified keratinized squamous epithelium.

A tissue has the following characteristics: free surface, single layer of cells, cells are narrow and tall, microvilli, many mitochondria, goblet cells. Which of the following is most consistent with those observations? (1) Active transport (2) Epithelium (3) Simple epithelium (4) Columnar epithelium (5) Cuboidal epithelium (6) Squamous epithelium (7) Secretion by exocytosis (8) Movement of mucous across its surface A) 1, 2, 3, 4, 7 B) 1, 2, 3, 5, 7 C) 1, 2, 3, 4, 8 D) 2, 3, 4, 8 E) 2, 3, 4, 7

1, 2, 3, 4, 7

Which of the following occur as a result of inhibiting the release of chemical mediators of inflammation shortly after injury in a tissue? (1) Stimulation of pain receptors (2) Reduced stimulation of pain receptors (3) Increased permeability of blood vessels (4) Reduced permeability of blood vessels (5) Edema (6) Reduced redness A) 1, 3, 5, 6 B) 2, 4, 5, 6 C) 1, 2, 5, 6 D) 2, 4, 6 E) 1, 2, 5

2, 4, 6

Identify the embryonic germ layers. (Check all that apply.) A) Ectodem B) Endoderm C) Epiderm D) Exoderm E) Mesoderm

A B E

Which of the following is not a feature that connective tissues have in common? A) Very conspicuous fibers B) The presence of fibroblasts C) The presence of collagen D) Ground substance with a gelatinous to rubbery consistency E) A calcified matrix

A calcified matrix

What is a scar? A) A large amount of granulation tissue converted to dense irregular collagenous connective tissue during tissue repair B) The product of the drying out of a blood clot that occurs during primary union C) Necrotic tissue that is avascular and consists of a mixture of dead cells and fluid

A large amount of granulation tissue converted to dense irregular collagenous connective

Which technique creates a three-dimensional dynamic image of blood vessels? A) Digital subtraction angiography B) Magnetic resonance imaging C) Dynamic spatial reconstruction D) Positron emission tomography

A) Digital subtraction angiography

Select all examples that demonstrate how inflammation protects the body. (Check all that apply.) A) Blood vessels become more permeable and allow white blood cells to move into damaged tissue more easily. B) Clotting that occurs helps to isolate injurious agents. C) During inflammation, blood vessels dilate, increasing the delivery of white blood cells to the area. D) Inflammation allows for the formation of antibodies that will help fight infectious agents.

A, B, C

Granulation tissue is a delicate, granular-appearing connective tissue that consists of which of the following? (Check all that apply.) A) Fibroblasts B) Collagen C) Capillaries D) Epithelial tissue

A,B,C

Which of the following are considered major manifestations of inflammation? (Check all that apply.) A) Edema B) Heat C) Hemorrhage D) Pain E) Redness

A,B,D,E

Which of the following occur due to changes in the cells, extracellular materials, and tissues in older adults? (Check all that apply.) A) Loss of elasticity of connective tissue B) Loss of flexibility of connective tissue C) Increase of neurons D) Increase of muscle cells E) Increase in collagen fibers

A,B,E

Select all of the characteristics of connective tissue. (Check all that apply.) A) Bind other tissues and organs together B) Create new cells from other tissues C) Involved in delivering nutrients to the tissue D) Separate tissues from each other

A,C,D

Indicate the functions that apply to epithelial tissue. (Check all that apply.) A) Acting as a barrier B) Connecting tissue to each other C) Contraction in response to stimulation D) Secretion of substances

A,D

Here is a figure showing major body cavities and other structures. What does "D" represent? A) Diaphragm B) Mediastinum C) Pelvic cavity D) Thoracic cavity E) Abdominal cavity

Abdominal cavity

What is the function of the basement membrane? A) Adhere epithelial tissue to underlying connective tissue B) Attach skin to underlying muscle tissue C) Secrete mucus D) House stem cells for new cell production

Adhere epithelial tissue to underlying connective tissue

What is the girdle of glycoproteins just below the tight junction between epithelial cells? A) Hemidesmosomes B) Adhesion belt C) Intercalated disks D) Gap junction E) Desmosomes

Adhesion belt

Which type of cell contains large amounts of lipids? A) Mast cell B) Adipocyte C) Osteoclast D) Stem cell E) Macrophage

Adipocyte

This type of tissue is composed of closely packed adipocytes and forms a protective cushion around organs, insulate the body, and serves as an energy reserve. A) Adipose tissue B) Areolar tissue C) Loose connective tissue D) Epidermal tissue

Adipose tissue

Aldosterone is a hormone that increase the level of Na+ in the blood. Considering negativefeedback regulation of blood Na+ levels, which of the following events would most likely be an effect of aldosterone on the body in blood Na+ levels decreased? A) Aldosterone would cause a decrease in the amount of Na+ that was excreted as part of urine. B) Aldosterone would cause an increase in the amount of Na+ that was excreted as part of urine. C) Aldosterone would reduce activity in the brain that stimulated salty food cravings. D) Aldosterone would decrease the amount of Na+ that is absorbed at the small intestine.

Aldosterone would cause a decrease in the amount of Na+ that was excreted as part of urine.

If mesenchymal cells experience mutation during development, which of the following structures is most likely affected by the mutation? A) Bones B) Cartilage C) Tendons D) All of the choices are correct.

All of the choices are correct.

Which of the following statements is TRUE? A) The coordinated activity of the organ systems is necessary for normal function. B) Because organ systems are so interrelated, dysfunction in one organ system can have profound effects on other systems. C) An organism is any living thing considered as a whole, whether composed of one cell, such as a bacteria, or trillions of cells, such as a human. D) Living things are highly organized, and disruption of this organized state can lead to loss of function and death. E) All of these statements are true

All of these statements are true.

With regard to the validity of biomedical research in physiological studies, which statement is correct? A) Although the general homeostatic mechanisms may be the same in some animal species, the individual variables are often very different. B) Although the individual variables may be the same in some animal species, the general homeostatic mechanisms are often very different.

Although the general homeostatic mechanisms may be the same in some animal species, the individual variables are often very different.

A researcher discovered a sensory receptor that detects decreasing oxygen concentrations in the blood. According to the principles of negative feedback, it is likely that stimulation of this sensory receptor will produce which of the following types of responses? A) A decrease in heart rate B) An increase in the respiratory rate C) An increase in physical activity D) Unconsciousness E) Both a decrease in heart rate and an increase in the respiratory rate will occur.

An increase in the respiratory rate

Which type of gland discharges fragments of the gland's cells during secretion? A) Exocrine B) Endocrine C) Merocrine D) Apocrine E) Holocrine

Apocrine

Which type of tissue attaches to the underlying muscles and supports the framework for body organs? A) Adipose tissue B) Areolar tissue C) Reticular tissue D) Epidermal tissue

Areolar tissue

________ exhibits a lot of apparently empty space, and is found in many serous membranes. A) Blood B) Areolar tissue C) Osseous tissue D) Dense irregular connective tissue E) Adipose tissue

Areolar tissue

Which of the following is consistent with homeostasis? A) As body temperature rises, sweating occurs to cool the body. B) When a person drinks large quantities of water, urine output decreases to raise blood volume. C) Elevated blood glucose levels cause insulin secretion to decline. D) Decreases in blood pressure cause a corresponding decrease in heart rate. E) As blood pressure falls, blood flow to the heart decreases.

As body temperature rises, sweating occurs to cool the body.

What is the examination of a dead body to determine the cause of death or to study the changes caused by a disease? A) Autopsy B) Biopsy C) Histology D) Embryology E) All of the choices are correct.

Autopsy

This is a diagram of a multipolar neuron. What does "E" represent? A) Nucleus of neuron B) Dendrite C) Cell body of neuron D) Axon E) Glia cells

Axon

Which of the following is associated with nervous tissue? A) Axon B) Desmosome C) Intercalated disc D) Lacuna E) Osteocyte

Axon

Which of the following is correctly matched with its description? A) Neurons - supportive cells of the nervous system B) Axons - conduct action potentials away from the cell body C) Glia - the conducting cell of the nervous system D) Dendrite - rapidly dividing cell E) Axon - carry action potentials toward the cell body

Axons - conduct action potentials away from the cell body

The delivery of a radioactive compound to the body to study the metabolism of tissues is called ________. A) MRI B) PET C) DSA D) DSR

B) PET

What is the removal of a tissue sample from patients via surgery or needle to diagnose disease? A) Autopsy B) Biopsy C) Histology D) Postmortem exam E) All of the choices are correct.

Biopsy

This is a figure of a skin wound. What does "A" represent? A) Dermis B) Subcutaneous adipose tissue C) Epidermis D) Blood vessel E) Blood clot

Blood clot

This is a figure of a skin wound. What does "C" represent? A) Dermis B) Subcutaneous adipose tissue C) Epidermis D) Blood vessel E) Blood clot

Blood vessel

A tissue sample has the following components: calcified matrix, collagen, and fibroblasts. Sandy has identified it as bone, but her instructor stated that was incorrect. Which statements below should her instructor use to explain the error? A) Bone tissue would have osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and osteocytes present. B) Bone tissue has elastin fibers, not collagen fibers. C) Fibroblasts are only present in cartilage tissue. D) Calcified matrix is a characteristic of cartilage not bone tissue.

Bone tissue would have osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and osteocytes present.

Magnetic resonance imaging is based on the movement of A) electrons in a magnetic field. B) carbons in a magnetic field. C) protons in a magnetic field. D) cells in a magnetic field.

C) protons in a magnetic field.

Which of the following represent functions of connective tissue? (Check all the apply.) A) Communication B) Contraction C) Cushioning D) Secretion of substances E) Enclosing organs F) Insulating G) Movement of body parts

C,F

What is a malignant tumor derived from epithelial tissue? A) Sarcoma B) Lymphoma C) Carcinoma D) Melanoma E) Both "Carcinoma" and "Sarcoma" are correct.

Carcinoma

Which type of muscle is found in the wall of the heart? A) Skeletal muscle B) Smooth muscle C) Cardiac muscle

Cardiac muscle

Which of the following systems carries necessary compounds like oxygen and nutrients throughout the body? A) Nervous B) Cardiovascular C) Urinary D) Lymphatic E) Respiratory

Cardiovascular

Which of the following type of connective tissue is mismatched with its matrix? A) Areolar - loosely packed matrix of protein fibers B) Bone - mineralized matrix C) Cartilage - highly vascular matrix D) Blood - fluid matrix E) Bone - highly vascular

Cartilage - highly vascular matrix

This is a diagram of a multipolar neuron. What does "B" represent? A) Nucleus of neuron B) Dendrite C) Cell body of neuron D) Axon E) Glia cells

Cell body of neuron

Which of the following would indicate dysfunction of the respiratory system? A) Change in blood pH B) Increase in blood glucose levels C) Increased blood pressure D) All of the choices are correct.

Change in blood pH

Which type of cell forms cartilage? A) Osteoblast B) Osteoclast C) Osteocyte D) Fibroblast E) Chondroblast

Chondroblast

Which of the following is NOT an adhesive molecule found in the ground substance of connective tissue? A) Fibronectin B) Chondronectin C) Chondroitin sulfate D) Osteonectin

Chondroitin sulfate

When Harry stepped on a nail, inflammation and infection were severe, but localized. Which of the following functions limited the size of the injured area to the greatest degree? A) Swelling B) Coagulation of plasma proteins C) Vasodilation D) Increased temperature E) Loss of function

Coagulation of plasma proteins

Which of the following does not account for the gelatinous consistency of connective tissue ground substance? A) Glycosaminoglycans B) Proteoglycans C) Chondroitin sulfate D) Hyaluronic acid E) Collagen

Collagen

Which of the following statements concerning connective tissue is true? A) Areolar tissue is tightly packed. B) Dense connective tissue has a fluid matrix. C) Mast cells are found in abundance in dense connective tissue. D) Collagen fibers provide strength to dense connective tissue. E) Elastic tissue is flexible, but not stretchy.

Collagen fibers provide strength to dense connective tissue

Which of the following statements concerning collagen is false? A) Collagen is a common protein in the body. B) Collagen is composed of collagen α-chains. C) Collagen is strong and flexible. D) Collagen is elastic and stretches. E) There are at least 20 different types of collagen in the body

Collagen is elastic and stretches.

Which of the following categories of epithelium is based on cell shape? A) Columnar B) Keratinized C) Stratified D) Transitional E) Simple

Columnar

Which of the following statements concerning epithelial tissue is false? A) Secretory epithelial cells are usually cuboidal or columnar in shape. B) The movement of materials through epithelium is enhanced by simple squamous epithelium. C) Stratified epithelium is adapted for a protective role. D) Columnar epithelial cells promote diffusion. E) Cuboidal epithelium is found in areas where absorption occurs.

Columnar epithelial cells promote diffusion

Which type of tissue possesses an abundant extracellular matrix? A) Epithelial tissue B) Connective tissue C) Muscle tissue D) Nervous tissue

Connective tissue

Which of the following is NOT a function of connective tissue? A) Transport B) Support C) Storage D) Contraction E) Insulation

Contraction

Which of the following is not a term that describes a cut that separates the body into left and right portions? A) Sagittal B) Median C) Parasagittal D) Coronal

Coronal

Students were asked to identify the type of muscle tissue that makes up the arrector pili, a structure that moves the hair relative to the skin. Which of the following correctly identified the muscle tissue type? A) David stated that it is smooth muscle, eliminating cardiac muscle because the tissue is not located in the heart and skeletal muscle because it is not under voluntary control. B) Sally stated that it is cardiac muscle, eliminating smooth muscle because it is not associated with blood vessels and skeletal muscle because it is not attached to bones. C) Hannah stated that it is skeletal muscle, eliminating cardiac muscle because it is not located in the heart and smooth muscle because it is not part of blood vessels.

David stated that it is smooth muscle, eliminating cardiac muscle because the tissue is not located in the heart and skeletal muscle because it is not under voluntary control.

What type of process conducts nerve impulses toward the cell body? A) Mesodermal process B) Glial process C) Membranous process D) Dendrite E) Axon

Dendrite

Which type of connective tissue is found in the walls of large arteries? A) Hyaline cartilage B) Fibrocartilage C) Elastic cartilage D) Dense irregular elastic tissue E) Dense regular collagenous tissue

Dense irregular elastic tissue

Which type of connective tissue is found in tendons and ligaments? A) Hyaline cartilage B) Fibrocartilage C) Elastic cartilage D) Dense irregular elastic tissue E) Dense regular collagenous tissue

Dense regular collagenous tissue

This is a figure of a skin wound. What does "D" represent? A) Dermis B) Subcutaneous adipose tissue C) Epidermis D) Blood vessel E) Blood clot

Dermis

Which of the following structures is likely to consist of dense irregular collagenous connective tissue? A) Tendons B) Cartilage C) Elastic ligaments D) Bone E) Dermis of the skin

Dermis of the skin

What is a disc-shaped structure with especially adhesive glycoproteins around each cell that bind cells to one another? A) Hemidesmosomes B) Adhesion belt C) Tight junction D) Gap junction E) Desmosomes

Desmosomes

Which of the following is not a function of the control center within a feedback mechanism? A) Receives and processes information B) Controls effectors C) Establishes a set point D) Detects a change in the value of a variable

Detects a change in the value of a variable

Here is a figure showing major body cavities and other structures. What does "B" represent? A) Diaphragm B) Mediastinum C) Pelvic cavity D) Thoracic cavity E) Abdominal cavity

Diaphragm

In the expression "Let your fingers do the walking," which of the following anatomical terms could be substituted for "fingers?" A) Tarsals B) Manuals C) Digits D) Carpals E) Metatarsals

Digits

Which of the following statements best describes research focused on the physiology of the lymphatic system? A) Dr. Ali studies the signaling that occurs between defense cells and abnormal cells of the body. B) Dr. Johnson's research focuses on the factors that regulate blood pH. C) Dr. Salak is interested in the chemical signaling that maintains normal blood glucose levels. D) Dr. Woods is interested in the development of cell communication junctions associated with memory.

Dr. Ali studies the signaling that occurs between defense cells and abnormal cells of the body.

Select the processes that result in the repair of injured tissue. (Check all that apply.) A) Atrophy B) Clotting C) Edema D) Necrosis E) Regeneration F) Replacement

E,F

Which of the following terms correctly identifies the name of an embryonic germ layer? A) Ectoderm B) Exoderm C) Epiderm

Ectoderm

Which of the following tissue change occurs when the permeability of blood vessels increases during inflammation? A) Removal of foreign material from the blood B) Increased blood flow to the area C) Redness and heat at the injury site D) No change in osmotic balance between blood and tissues E) Edema

Edema

Which type of connective tissue is found in the external ears? A) Hyaline cartilage B) Fibrocartilage C) Elastic cartilage D) Dense irregular elastic tissue E) Dense regular collagenous tissue

Elastic cartilage

Which of the following is most consistent with homeostasis? A) As blood pressure falls, blood flow to cardiac (heart) muscle decreases. B) As the mean blood pressure gradually increases in aging people, the blood vessel walls become thinner. C) Men working in a hot environment drink large quantities of water, and their urine volume increases. D) As body temperature decreases, blood vessels in the periphery dilate. E) Elevated blood glucose levels cause insulin secretion to increase, which in turn, causes cells to take up glucose.

Elevated blood glucose levels cause insulin secretion to increase, which in turn, causes cells to take up glucose.

Muscular tissue consists of which type of cells or fibers? A) Elongated fibers (cells) that are specialized to contract B) Cells with multiple processes that are specialized to send electrical signals C) Elongated fibers (cells) surrounded by abundant matrix D) Spherical cells designed for storage

Elongated fibers (cells) that are specialized to contract

Which type of gland does not have ducts? A) Exocrine B) Endocrine C) Merocrine D) Apocrine E) Holocrine

Endocrine

Which type of gland releases products by secretion into the blood? A) Exocrine B) Endocrine C) Merocrine D) Apocrine E) Holocrine

Endocrine

Which of the following pairs is mismatched? A) Endoderm - bone B) Mesoderm - muscle C) Ectoderm - skin D) Neuroectoderm - nervous system E) Neural crest cells - peripheral nervous system, skin pigment, tissues of the face

Endoderm - bone

This is a figure of a skin wound. What does "B" represent? A) Dermis B) Subcutaneous adipose tissue C) Epidermis D) Blood vessel E) Blood clot

Epidermis

Which tissue type forms glands? A) Connective B) Epithelial C) Muscle D) Nervous E) Neuroectoderm

Epithelial

Which type of tissue has little extracellular matrix because it forms covering and lining layers for body structures? A) Epithelial B) Connective C) Muscle D) Nervous

Epithelial

Indicate the class of tissue that is capable of regeneration, is avascular, and consists of cells that are bound to each other via specialized junctions. A) Epithelial tissue B) Connective tissue C) Muscle tissue D) Nervous tissue

Epithelial tissue

Which type of tissue forms linings or coverings? A) Epithelial tissue B) Connective tissue C) Muscle tissue D) Nervous tissue

Epithelial tissue

Which of the following statements concerning epithelial cell surfaces is false? A) Smooth surfaces reduce friction. B) Epithelium with folded surfaces tends to be very rigid. C) Cilia propel materials along the surface of an epithelial cell. D) Epithelial cells with microvilli are involved in absorption. E) Epithelium with folded surfaces can change shape.

Epithelium with folded surfaces tends to be very rigid.

Which type of gland possesses ducts? A) Exocrine B) Endocrine C) Ectocrine D) Epicrine E) Hypocrine

Exocrine

True or False? A molecule of water is more complex than a mitochondrion (organelle).

FALSE

True or False? Because epithelial tissue is highly vascular, it heals well.

FALSE

True or False? Both the spleen and the urinary bladder are contained within the pelvic cavity subdivision of the abdominopelvic cavity.

FALSE

True or False? Dense irregular collagenous connective tissue that forms during tissue repair is called granulation tissue.

FALSE

True or False? Homeostasis and occupying space are both unique characteristics of living things.

FALSE

True or False? Many undergraduate anatomy programs study cats and rats in laboratory settings. Use of these animals is ideal because they are inexpensive, and although they are physically smaller, the internal structures are identical to humans.

FALSE

True or False? Plasma cells produce the ground substance that forms the matrix of connective tissues.

FALSE

True or False? Positive-feedback mechanisms are always damaging to the body.

FALSE

True or False? The duct of an endocrine gland leads into the bloodstream rather than onto an epithelial surface.

FALSE

True or False? The kidneys are contained within the pelvic cavity subdivision of the abdominopelvic cavity.

FALSE

True or False? The part of the feedback mechanism that processes information, relates it to other information, and makes a decision of action is the receptor.

FALSE

True or False? The thoracic cavity is divided into right and left parts by a median partition called the sternum.

FALSE

True or False? With regard to biomedical research, because rats, pigs, apes, and other mammals share over 90% of the same genes as humans, these animals are always good predictors for how humans will respond to a specific drug therapy.

FALSE

True or False? With regard to biomedical research, it has been found that drugs that are toxic to one mammal species will be toxic to another mammal species.

FALSE

True or False? Scientists believe that any significant change in the composition of the microbiome of the human integumentary system may increase a person's susceptibility to autoimmune diseases

False

Which type of cell forms protein fibers in connective tissue proper? A) Osteoblast B) Osteoclast C) Osteocyte D) Fibroblast E) Chondroblast

Fibroblast

Which type of connective tissue is found between the vertebrae? A) Hyaline cartilage B) Fibrocartilage C) Elastic cartilage D) Dense irregular elastic tissue E) Dense regular collagenous tissue

Fibrocartilage

There are more microbial cells than human cells in your body, and the health of this microbiota clearly influences human well-being. How many microbes are there? A) For every cell in your body, there are ten microbial cells. B) For every cell in your body, there are one hundred microbial cells. C) For every cell in your body, there are one thousand microbial cells. D) For every cell in your body, there are ten thousand microbial cells.

For every cell in your body, there are ten microbial cells.

A cut along which plane would result in the anterior perspective of the body appearing normal, with no evident cuts? A) Frontal B) Midsaggital C) Parasagittal D) Transverse

Frontal

The plane that cuts the body lengthwise and separates the body into anterior and posterior portions is called ________. A) Transverse B) Frontal C) Sagittal

Frontal

What is a small protein channel that allows the passage of ions and small molecules between cells? A) Hemidesmosomes B) Adhesion belt C) Tight junction D) Gap junction E) Desmosomes

Gap junction

This is a diagram of a multipolar neuron. What does "D" represent? A) Nucleus of neuron B) Dendrite C) Cell body of neuron D) Axon E) Glia cells

Glia cells

Which of the following cell structures would be most important in secretory epithelial cells? A) Cilia B) Golgi apparatus C) Lysosomes D) Desmosomes E) Microtubules

Golgi apparatus

In the process of tissue repair, which of the events listed below occurs last? A) The wound fills with blood and a clot forms. B) Granulation tissue develops. C) A scab forms to seal the wound. D) An inflammatory response occurs. E) Fibroblasts migrate to the area.

Granulation tissue develops.

Which of the following is not a feature that almost all connective tissues have in common? A) Most cells are not in direct contact with each other. B) Ground substance is so scarce that it is not visible with a light microscope. C) Cells usually occupy less space than the extracellular material. D) Protein fibers are usually present in the ground substance. E) Most connective tissues are highly vascular.

Ground substance is so scarce that it is not visible with a light microscope.

Which of the following characteristics is NOT consistent with simple squamous epithelial tissue? A) Little extracellular material B) Rest on a basement membrane C) Has good blood supply within it D) The cells are thin and flat (not thick) E) Acts as a permeability barrier

Has good blood supply within it

What attaches epithelial cells to the basement membrane? A) Hemidesmosomes B) Adhesion belt C) Tight junction D) Gap junction E) Desmosomes

Hemidesmosomes

Which of the following is an example of labile cells? A) Hemocytoblasts are cells that divide and give rise to multiple types of blood cells. B) Liver cells have the ability to divide and give rise to other liver cells. C) Skeletal muscle fibers increase in size by adding more cytoplasmic components. D) Both "hemocytoblasts are cells that divide and give rise to multiple types of blood cells" and "liver cells have the ability to divide and give rise to other liver cells" are correct.

Hemocytoblasts are cells that divide and give rise to multiple types of blood cells.

Which of the following statements provides an accurate description of cellular physiology involving structures of the digestive system? A) Hepatocytes (liver cells) produce bile to aid in the breakdown of ingested lipids. B) Hemocytoblasts (blood stem cells) are located in the red bone marrow. C) Cardiac muscle cells contract to generate pressure that moves the blood through blood vessels. D) The epidermis, the superficial layer of the skin, is composed of multiple layers of cells.

Hepatocytes (liver cells) produce bile to aid in the breakdown of ingested lipids.

Microscopic examination of a frozen tissue specimen is an application of which of the following disciplines? A) Histology B) Physiology C) Gross anatomy D) Radiology E) Regional anatomy

Histology

What is the microscopic study of tissues? A) Anatomy B) Physiology C) Pathology D) Histology E) Embryology

Histology

Which type of gland accumulates its secretion in the cytoplasm of the cell, the cell then ruptures and becomes part of the secretion? A) Merocrine B) Apocrine C) Holocrine

Holocrine

Which type of connective tissue forms most of the skeleton before it is replaced by bone? A) Hyaline cartilage B) Fibrocartilage C) Elastic cartilage D) Dense irregular elastic tissue E) Dense regular collagenous tissue

Hyaline cartilage

Directional terms are important in the study of anatomy. What does "E" represent? A) Median B) Right C) Left D) Inferior E) Lateral

Inferior

A swollen, painful area of the skin that is also hot and red are symptoms that accompany which process? A) Circulatory shock B) Edema C) Fever D) Inflammation

Inflammation

Which of the following is not characteristic of aging at the tissue level? A) Arterial walls become less elastic. B) Injuries heal rapidly and more completely in older people. C) Connective tissue experience reduced flexibility and elasticity. D) Atherosclerosis develops. E) Rate of red blood cell synthesis declines.

Injuries heal rapidly and more completely in older people.

Proteoglycans trap large quantities of water, allowing them to assume their original shape after compression. Based on these characteristics, where are they most likely found in the body? A) Neurons B) Tendons C) Muscles D) Intervertebral discs E) Bones

Intervertebral discs

Which of the following statements is not true of mucous connective tissue? A) It is a type of embryonic connective tissue that gives rise to most adult connective tissue types. B) It is an important component of the umbilical cord. C) It can be an important source for stem cells. D) It is an embryonic connective tissue that supports the vascular connection between the mother and the fetus.

It is a type of embryonic connective tissue that gives rise to most adult connective tissue types.

Which of the following statements accurately represents labile cells? A) Labile cells are important to the body, providing a source for new cells to replace those that are damaged. B) Labile cells, such as neurons, have a very limited ability to divide. C) Labile cells are only found in the hemopoietic tissue of red bone marrow. D) Labile cells are eliminated from the body after birth of the fetus.

Labile cells are important to the body, providing a source for new cells to replace those that are damaged.

Which of the following statements concerning the process of tissue repair is false? A) In regeneration, destroyed cells are replaced by the same type of cells. B) In replacement, a new type of tissue develops that eventually results in scar production. C) Labile cells cannot be replaced by the process of regeneration. D) Stable cells do not actively replicate after growth but retain the ability to regenerate. E) Permanent cells have a limited ability to replicate.

Labile cells cannot be replaced by the process of regeneration.

Directional terms are important in the study of anatomy. What does "B" represent? A) Median B) Right C) Left D) Inferior E) Lateral

Left

Which type of cell phagocytizes foreign or injured cells and plays a major role in providing protection against infections? A) Mast cell B) Adipocyte C) Osteoclast D) Stem cell E) Macrophage

Macrophage

Which type of cell releases chemicals in response to injury and plays an important role in inflammation? A) Mast cell B) Adipocyte C) Osteoclast D) Stem cell E) Macrophage

Mast cell

Directional terms are important in the study of anatomy. What does "C" represent? A) Median B) Right C) Left D) Inferior E) Lateral

Median

Here is a figure showing major body cavities and other structures. What does "A" represent? A) Diaphragm B) Mediastinum C) Pelvic cavity D) Thoracic cavity E) Abdominal cavity

Mediastinum

Which type of exocrine gland uses exocytosis to secrete its product? A) Merocrine B) Apocrine C) Holocrine D) Endocrine E) Solocrine

Merocrine

This is a sagittal section through the abdominopelvic cavity. What structure does "A" represent? A) Visceral peritoneum (covers organs) B) Mesentery C) Parietal peritoneum (lines cavity) D) Retroperitoneal organs E) Peritoneal cavity

Mesentery

Which of the following occurs when the permeability of blood vessels increases during inflammation? A) Removal of foreign material from the blood B) Increased blood flow to the area C) Redness and heat at the injury site D) Migration of white blood cells to the site of injury E) No change in osmotic balance between blood and tissues

Migration of white blood cells to the site of injury

Which type of membrane lines cavities that open to the outside and often contains mucous glands? A) Serous B) Mucous C) Synovial D) Gobletal E) Cutaneous

Mucous

Of the four primary classes of tissues, the tissue that consists of elongated fibers that are specialized to contract in response to stimulation is ________. A) Epithelial tissue B) Connective tissue C) Muscle tissue D) Nervous tissue

Muscle tissue

Which type of tissue is contractile? A) Epithelial tissue B) Connective tissue C) Muscle tissue D) Nervous tissue

Muscle tissue

Which type of tissue contains cells called neurons? A) Epithelial tissue B) Connective tissue C) Muscle tissue D) Nervous tissue

Nervous tissue

Which type of cell ingests bacteria? A) Fibroblast B) Chondrocyte C) Neutrophil D) Red blood cell E) Mast cell

Neutrophil

Nicholas has been diagnosed with a condition resulting from inflammation of tissue associated with his lungs. Which statement best clarifies the condition? A) Nicholas has inflammation of the pleura, the serous membranes associated with the lungs. B) Nicholas has inflammation of the mucous membranes associated with the lungs. C) Nicholas has inflammation of the peritoneum, the synovial membrane associated with the lungs. D) Nicholas has inflammation of the cutaneous membrane associated with the lungs.

Nicholas has inflammation of the pleura, the serous membranes associated with the lungs.

This is a diagram of a multipolar neuron. What does "C" represent? A) Nucleus of neuron B) Dendrite C) Cell body of neuron D) Axon E) Glia cells

Nucleus of neuron

The connective tissue of ________ adults is less elastic and less flexible. A) younger B) older

Older

Which branch of physiology would study the effects of sunbathing on the skin? A) Cell physiology B) Systemic physiology C) Regional physiology D) Organ physiology

Organ physiology

Which type of cell forms bone? A) Osteoblast B) Osteoclast C) Osteocyte D) Fibroblast E) Chondroblast

Osteoblast

Which type of cell breaks down bone tissue? A) Mast cell B) Adipocyte C) Osteoclast D) Stem cell E) Macrophage

Osteoclast

Parathyroid hormone functions to increase calcium ion levels in blood. If its secretion is regulated through negative feedback, under which conditions would this hormone normally be released? A) Parathyroid hormone secretion occurs when blood calcium levels are too low. B) Parathyroid hormone secretion occurs when blood calcium levels are too high. C) Parathyroid secretion is constant to maintain blood calcium levels. D) Parathyroid hormone secretion increases in the morning and decreases in the afternoon

Parathyroid hormone secretion occurs when blood calcium levels are too low.

This is a sagittal section through the abdominopelvic cavity. What serous membrane does "B" represent? A) Visceral peritoneum (covers organs) B) Mesentery C) Parietal peritoneum (lines cavity) D) Retroperitoneal organs E) Peritoneal cavity

Parietal peritoneum (lines cavity)

Here is a figure showing major body cavities and other structures. What does "E" represent? A) Diaphragm B) Mediastinum C) Pelvic cavity D) Thoracic cavity E) Abdominal cavity

Pelvic cavity

Which of the following is most inferior in location? A) Pelvic cavity B) Mediastinum C) Diaphragm D) Pleural cavity E) Pericardial cavity

Pelvic cavity

This is a sagittal section through the abdominopelvic cavity. What cavity does "D" represent? A) Visceral peritoneum (covers organs) B) Mesentery C) Parietal peritoneum (lines cavity) D) Retroperitoneal organs E) Peritoneal cavity

Peritoneal cavity

The suffix "-itis" means inflammation. Which of the following terms means inflammation of the membrane lining the body cavity that contains the liver? A) Pericarditis B) Peritonitis C) Pleurisy D) Colitis E) Hepatitis

Peritonitis

A person lying with his/her face down is said to be in what position? A) Supine B) Prone C) Anatomical D) Reverse

Prone

Which of the following lists examples of body structures from the simplest to the most complex? A) Mitochondrion, connective tissue, protein, stomach, adipocyte (fat cell) B) Protein, mitochondrion, adipocyte (fat cell), connective tissue, stomach C) Mitochondrion, connective tissue, stomach, protein, adipocyte (fat cell) D) Protein, adipocyte (fat cell), stomach, connective tissue, mitochondrion E) Protein, stomach, connective tissue, adipocyte (fat cell), mitochondrion

Protein, mitochondrion, adipocyte (fat cell), connective tissue, stomach

Which of the following matrix molecules tends to trap large quantities of water? A) Collagen B) Proteoglycan C) Elastin D) Hyaluronic acid E) Reticular fibers

Proteoglycan

Which of the following molecules consists of numerous polysaccharides attached to a protein core? A) Collagen B) Proteoglycan C) Elastin D) Reticulin E) Hyaluronic acid

Proteoglycan

Which epithelial tissue can be described as "all cells attached to the basement membrane but not all cells reach free surfaces"? A) Stratified B) Transitional C) Columnar D) Simple E) Pseudostratified

Pseudostratified

Which type of epithelial tissue is found lining the trachea? A) Simple cuboidal epithelium B) Simple columnar epithelium C) Stratified squamous epithelium D) Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium E) Transitional epithelium

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

Which of the following are symptoms of inflammation? A) Swelling, bleeding, and numbness B) Heat, swelling, and blistering C) Blistering, pain, and swelling D) Pain, redness, and bleeding E) Redness, heat, and pain

Redness, heat, and pain

In ________, the new cells are the same type as those that were destroyed. A) Regeneration B) Replacement C) Necrosis

Regeneration

Which two processes function in the repair of injured tissue? A) Edema and clotting B) Necrosis and atrophy C) Regeneration and replacement D) Edema and regeneration E) Necrosis and replacement

Regeneration and replacement

This is a sagittal section through the abdominopelvic cavity. What structures does "E" represent? A) Visceral peritoneum (covers organs) B) Mesentery C) Parietal peritoneum (lines cavity) D) Retroperitoneal organs E) Peritoneal cavity

Retroperitoneal organs

Directional terms are important in the study of anatomy. What does "A" represent? A) Median B) Right C) Left D) Inferior E) Lateral

Right

Which of the following statements provides an example of responsiveness? A) Sandra began to shiver while she walked from her lab to her dorm room, through the freezing rain. B) James finally saw the results of working out as the sleeves on his t-shirt were tighter around his biceps. C) Jarrod was happy to see that the wound he received from falling on the sidewalk was almost completely healed. D) None of the choices are correct.

Sandra began to shiver while she walked from her lab to her dorm room, through the freezing rain.

What is a malignant tumor derived from connective tissue? A) Melanoma B) Lymphoma C) Sarcoma D) Carcinoma E) Both "Carcinoma" and "Sarcoma" are correct.

Sarcoma

What is formed from granulation tissue? A) Edema B) Secondary union C) Epithelial tissue D) Scar

Scar

Which of the following is classified as a holocrine gland? A) Sweat gland B) Salivary gland C) Sebaceous gland D) Mammary gland E) Exocrine part of pancreas

Sebaceous gland

What occurs when wound edges are far apart? A) Edema B) Secondary union C) Neutrophil inactivation D) Granulation tissue

Secondary union

Which body system would be affected by degeneration of cartilage in joints? A) Muscular B) Nervous C) Cardiovascular D) Skeletal E) Lymphatic

Skeletal

Which of the following is a function of epithelial tissue? A) Conduction of action potentials B) Secretion and absorption of molecules C) Support of other tissue types D) Contraction E) Shock absorption

Secretion and absorption of molecules

Which type of membrane does not open to the exterior, does not contain glands, but does secrete fluid? A) Serous B) Mucous C) Synovial D) Gobletal E) Cutaneous

Serous

Which type of epithelial tissue is found in the stomach? A) Simple cuboidal epithelium B) Simple columnar epithelium C) Stratified squamous epithelium D) Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium E) Transitional epithelium

Simple columnar epithelium

Which type of epithelial tissue are found in the kidney tubules? A) Simple cuboidal epithelium B) Simple columnar epithelium C) Stratified squamous epithelium D) Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium E) Transitional epithelium

Simple cuboidal epithelium

________ epithelium is associated with rapid transport of substances through a membrane, whereas ________ epithelium is associated with resistance to abrasion. A) Simple columnar; transitional B) Simple squamous; stratified squamous C) Simple cuboidal; pseudostratified D) Pseudostratified; simple squamous E) Pseudostratified; simple cuboidal

Simple squamous; stratified squamous

Which organ system is the location of blood cell production? A) Cardiovascular B) Skeletal C) Digestive D) Nervous E) Endocrine

Skeletal

Which type of muscle is attached to bones? A) Skeletal muscle B) Smooth muscle C) Cardiac muscle

Skeletal muscle

Which type of muscle is found in the wall of the digestive tract? A) Skeletal muscle B) Smooth muscle C) Cardiac muscle

Smooth muscle

Which of the following epithelial types is mismatched with its function? A) Simple epithelium - diffusion B) Stratified epithelium - protection C) Squamous epithelium - stretching D) Cuboidal epithelium - absorption E) Columnar epithelium - secretion

Squamous epithelium - stretching

Joshua has had a portion of his liver removed. His physician is confident that Joshua will improve because the liver will regenerate. How is this possible? A) Stabile cells of the liver are able to divide and replace the removed liver tissue. B) Permanent cells of the liver are able to divide and replace the removed liver tissue. C) New cells are not formed; the remaining tissue just spreads out, filling the newly formed space. D) Neurons associated with the liver differentiate into liver cells to replace the missing tissue.

Stabile cells of the liver are able to divide and replace the removed liver tissue.

Which of the following is NOT a component of a negative feedback mechanism? A) Effector B) Stabilizer C) Control center D) Receptor

Stabilizer

Which type of cell has the potential to differentiate to form adult cell types? A) Mast cell B) Adipocyte C) Osteoclast D) Stem cell E) Macrophage

Stem cell

Which type of epithelial tissue is found in the mouth? A) Simple cuboidal epithelium B) Simple columnar epithelium C) Stratified squamous epithelium D) Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium E) Transitional epithelium

Stratified squamous epithelium

________ epithelium is the most widespread epithelium in the body, whereas ________ epithelium is rare. A) Simple columnar; stratified columnar B) Stratified squamous; stratified columnar C) Pseudostratified; stratified squamous D) Simple cuboidal; stratified squamous E) Stratified squamous; simple squamous

Stratified squamous; stratified columnar

This is a figure of a skin wound. What does "E" represent? A) Dermis B) Subcutaneous adipose tissue C) Epidermis D) Blood vessel E) Blood clot

Subcutaneous adipose tissue

Which of the following describes the position of the nose? A) Inferior to the chin B) Superior to the forehead C) Posterior to the ears D) Lateral to the eyes E) Superior to the mouth

Superior to the mouth

Which type of membrane lines joint cavities? A) Serous B) Mucous C) Synovial D) Gobletal E) Cutaneous

Synovial

Which subdivision of anatomy involves the study of organs that function together? A) Regional B) Developmental C) Systemic D) Histology E) Surface anatomy

Systemic

True or False? A CT scan allows for a three-dimensional image to be generated.

TRUE

True or False? It has been suggested by some scientists that early exposure to antibiotics that significantly change the makeup of the microbes in the human intestines may increase a person's susceptibility to autoimmune diseases like Crohn's disease and asthma.

TRUE

True or False? Rats and humans share over 90% of the same genes.

TRUE

True or False? The basal lamina is only one portion of the basement membrane, and it does not anchor the epithelium to the tissue below it.

TRUE

True or False? The control center compares input from a receptor with the ideal normal value for a condition called a set point.

TRUE

True or False? Whereas a 'plane' describes an imaginary flat surface, a 'section' describes a way to cut an organ.

TRUE

A tissue has the following characteristics: abundant extracellular matrix, abundant collagen fibers, collagen fibers mainly parallel to each other. Which of the following injuries results in damage to this kind of tissue? A) Broken femur bone B) Bullet penetrating the abdominal wall C) Broken nose D) Tear in the cartilage of the knee E) Tear in the tissue that attaches the gastrocnemius muscle to bone

Tear in the tissue that attaches the gastrocnemius muscle to bone

A molecular biologist discovers that if a specific drug effectively treats obesity in mice, what can researchers conclude? A) If the drug was effective in a large number of mice, it will therefore be effective in humans. B) If the drug was effective in a small proportion of mice, it will be effective in a small proportion of humans. C) The mice have provided a positive control in this experiment that proves the drug is effective in humans. D) The drug is effective in the mouse model; it must still be tested in humans. E) The effect of the drug on mice has no bearing on the effect of the drug on humans.

The drug is effective in the mouse model; it must still be tested in humans.

An infant is born with a genetic defect that greatly reduces his production of brown fat. Which of the following will most likely apply to this infant? A) The infant will have difficulty absorbing nutrients at the small intestine. B) The infant will have difficulty regulating his body temperature. C) The infant will have very stretchy tendons. D) The infant will have reduced bone mass. E) The infant will have difficulty breathing.

The infant will have difficulty regulating his body temperature.

Which of the following structures is most like the receptor of a homeostatic control mechanism? A) The mechanism that detects a decrease in tire pressure on an automobile B) The mechanism that opens the automatic door at the local grocery store C) The heating element of a hot water heater D) All of the choices are correct.

The mechanism that detects a decrease in tire pressure on an automobile

If the thoracic cavity was cut along the midsaggital plane, which of the following descriptions of the two halves would be accurate? A) The midsaggital cut would create an anterior half that contained portions of the lungs and heart and a posterior half that contained the spinal cord. B) The midsagittal plane would produce a medial half and a lateral half, each containing a lung. C) The midsagittal plane would produce a right half that contained one lung and a left half that contained a lung and most of the heart. D) The midsagittal plane would produce an inferior half that contained portions of the heart and portions of both lungs and a superior half that contained portions of the lungs and the thymus.

The midsagittal plane would produce a right half that contained one lung and a left half that contained a lung and most of the heart.

To determine that a type of epithelium is squamous, which of the following is most important? A) The number of cell layers B) The shape of most of the epithelial cells C) The shape of the most superficial epithelial cells D) The shape of the basal epithelial cells E) The shape of the basement membrane

The shape of the most superficial epithelial cells

A tissue sample has the following characteristics: large cells with many processes, one which is very long; smaller cells scattered amongst the larger cells. Which of the following statements accurately identifies the tissue? A) The tissue is nervous tissue. The large cells are neurons with dendrites and a long axon, and the smaller cells are glia. B) The tissue is dense irregular connective elastic tissue. The large cells are fibroblasts with attached collagen fibers, and the smaller cells are glia. C) The tissue is nervous tissue. The large cells are fibroblasts with dendrites and collagen fibers, and the smaller cells are squamous cells. D) The tissue is dense regular connective tissue. The large cells are neurons with dendrites and a long axon, and the smaller cells are fibroblasts.

The tissue is nervous tissue. The large cells are neurons with dendrites and a long axon, and the smaller cells are glia.

Which of the following is not a characteristic of homeostatic variables? A) Their values can change. B) They must remain within a narrow change. C) They always remain at a fixed value.

They always remain at a fixed value.

Here is a figure showing major body cavities and other structures. What does "C" represent? A) Diaphragm B) Mediastinum C) Pelvic cavity D) Thoracic cavity E) Abdominal cavity

Thoracic cavity

What is the permeability barrier that joins the plasma membranes of adjacent cells to form a tight seal? A) Hemidesmosomes B) Adhesion belt C) Tight junction D) Gap junction E) Desmosomes

Tight junction

What is a collection of similar cells and surrounding substances? A) Organ B) Tissue C) Organ system D) Extracellular matrix E) Intracellular matrix

Tissue

Which of the following is found in spongy bone but not compact bone? A) Osteocytes in lacunae B) Hydroxyapatite C) Trabeculae D) Collagen E) Matrix

Trabeculae

Which type of epithelial tissue is found in the urinary bladder? A) Simple cuboidal epithelium B) Simple columnar epithelium C) Stratified squamous epithelium D) Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium E) Transitional epithelium

Transitional epithelium

True or False? Positive feedback mechanisms are less common in healthy individuals than negative feedback mechanisms

True

Which system removes nitrogenous waste products from the blood and regulates blood pH, ion balance, and water balance? A) Respiratory B) Lymphatic C) Cardiovascular D) Immune E) Urinary

Urinary

A construction worker was injured when a metal rod penetrated his abdominal wall inferior to his umbilicus and in the hypogastric region. The rod passed through to the lumbar region. Which of the following structures was most likely damaged? A) Urinary bladder B) Stomach C) Kidney D) Liver

Urinary bladder

Which of the following structures is located in the right-lower quadrant but NOT in the right iliac region? A) Urinary bladder B) Appendix C) Large intestine D) All of the listed organs are in both the right-lower quadrant and the right iliac region.

Urinary bladder

This is a sagittal section through the abdominopelvic cavity. What serous membrane does "C" represent? A) Visceral peritoneum (covers organs) B) Mesentery C) Parietal peritoneum (lines cavity) D) Retroperitoneal organs E) Peritoneal cavity

Visceral peritoneum (covers organs)

A gland produces a watery secretion that contains solutes. The secretion also contains a substantial amount of phospholipid. The type of secretory process for this gland is probably ________. A) merocrine B) holocrine C) apocrine D) endocrine E) a combination of merocrine and apocrine.

a combination of merocrine and apocrine.

The mesentery is A) a double-layered serous membrane that anchors some of the abdominal organs to the body wall. B) the serous membrane that covers the lungs. C) the serous membrane that lines the abdominal and pelvic cavities. D) the space located between the visceral and parietal pleura. E) the membrane that lines the pericardial sac

a double-layered serous membrane that anchors some of the abdominal organs to the body wall.

An organ system is A) a small structure within a cell. B) a structure composed of several tissue types. C) the basic structural unit of all living organisms. D) a group of organs with a common set of functions. E) a group of cells with similar structure and function

a group of organs with a common set of functions.

Dense regular collagenous connective tissue would be found in A) a nerve. B) the brain. C) a ligament. D) a skull bone. E) a lymph node.

a ligament.

An organelle is A) a small structure within a cell. B) a structure composed of several tissue types. C) the basic structural unit of all living organisms. D) a group of organs with a common set of functions. E) a group of cells with similar structure and function.

a small structure within a cell.

An organ is A) a small structure within a cell. B) a structure composed of several tissue types. C) the basic structural unit of all living organisms. D) a group of molecules with a common set of functions. E) a group of cells with similar structure and function.

a structure composed of several tissue types.

The cavity of the body immediately inferior to the diaphragm is the ________ cavity. A) pleural B) thoracic C) inguinal D) pelvic E) abdominal

abdominal

The fact that most of us have five lumbar vertebrae, but some people have six and some have four, is an example of ________ variation among organisms.

anatomical

The antecubital region is the A) area in front of the elbow. B) chest area. C) lower back. D) bottom of foot. E) forearm.

area in front of the elbow.

An example of a highly vascular tissue is ________ tissue. An example of a tissue that is not highly vascular is ________. A) epithelial; cartilage B) muscular; osseous tissue C) dense regular connective; dense irregular connective tissue D) areolar; cartilage E) nervous; osseous tissue

areolar; cartilage

The axillary region is the ________. A) calf B) armpit C) hollow behind the knee D) neck E) thigh

armpit

Deep means A) toward the middle or midline of the body. B) away from the surface. C) closer to the head. D) closer than another structure to the point of attachment to the trunk. E) toward the back of the body.

away from the surface.

A tissue that has a fluid matrix is ________. A) blood B) adipose tissue C) areolar tissue D) cartilage E) bone

blood

The plantar surface is the A) area in front of the elbow. B) chest area. C) lower back. D) bottom of foot. E) forearm.

bottom of foot.

The pectoral region is the A) area in front of the elbow. B) chest area. C) lower back. D) bottom of foot. E) forearm.

chest area.

Proximal means A) toward the middle or midline of the body. B) away from the surface. C) closer to the head. D) closer than another structure to the point of attachment to the trunk. E) toward the back of the body

closer than another structure to the point of attachment to the trunk.

Cephalic means A) toward the middle or midline of the body. B) away from the surface. C) closer to the head. D) closer than another structure to the point of attachment to the trunk. E) toward the back of the body.

closer to the head.

Intervertebral discs exhibit a great deal of strength because of the presence of thick bundles of ________. A) elastin B) proteoglycan C) collagen D) hydroxyapatite E) calcium

collagen

The three types of protein fibers found in connective tissue are A) hyaluronic acid, collagen, and reticular fibers. B) proteoglycan, elastin, and reticular fibers. C) collagen, elastin, and reticular fibers. D) proteoglycan, elastin, and hyaluronic acid. E) chondronectic, osteonectin, and fibronectin.

collagen, elastin, and reticular fibers.

Lamellae are characteristic of A) compact bone tissue. B) cancellous bone tissue. C) spongy bone tissue. D) hyaline cartilage. E) fibrocartilage.

compact bone tissue.

A connective tissue fiber refers to a(n) ________ and a muscle fiber refers to a/an ________. A) entire cell; tissue B) entire cell; part of a cell C) entire cell; complex of macromolecules D) complex of macromolecules; part of a cell E) complex of macromolecules; entire cell

complex of macromolecules; entire cell

A gland with branching ducts that end in acini would be classified as A) simple acinar. B) compound acinar. C) simple branched tubular. D) multicellular. E) simple coiled tubular.

compound acinar.

Marfan syndrome is a genetic disorder associated with ________ tissue. A) epithelial B) connective C) muscular D) nervous E) All choices are correct.

connective

Support, attachment of tissues, cushioning and protection are examples of functions for ________ tissue. A) epithelial B) connective C) muscle D) nervous

connective

A general characteristic of connective tissue is that it A) consists of cells with much extracellular material (matrix) between them. B) has no blood supply to the tissue. C) covers the outside of organs. D) is commonly found lining body cavities. E) contracts.

consists of cells with much extracellular material (matrix) between them.

Muscle tissue is characterized by its A) strength. B) durability. C) contractility. D) rigidity. E) avascularity.

contractility.

"Cutting off your nose" would be a section in the ________ plane. A) coronal B) nasal C) median D) transverse E) sagittal

coronal

The study of the structural features and functions of the cell is ________. A) cytology B) histology C) molecular biology D) microbiology E) surface anatomy

cytology

Connective tissue in tendons is A) dense regular collagenous tissue. B) dense regular elastic tissue. C) dense irregular collagenous tissue. D) dense irregular elastic tissue. E) reticular tissue.

dense regular collagenous tissue.

Fibroblasts and protein fibers are associated with both ________ and ________. A) dense regular; dense irregular connective tissues B) plasma; formed elements C) elastic cartilage; hyaline cartilage D) spongy bone; compact (dense) bone E) adipose tissue; reticular tissue

dense regular; dense irregular connective tissues

Epithelial tissue that can stretch or is subjected to stress would have ________. A) desmosomes B) gap junctions C) tight junctions D) basement junctions E) intercalated discs

desmosomes

The changes an organism undergoes through time is called ________. A) organization B) metabolism C) reproduction D) growth E) development

development

The gallbladder, liver, and stomach are all part of the ________ system. A) endocrine B) cardiovascular C) skeletal D) respiratory E) digestive

digestive

An accumulation of fluid in the tissue spaces is called ________. A) edema B) secondary union C) a scab D) granulation tissue E) a scar

edema

A coiled fibrous protein in connective tissue that is stretchy is called ________. A) a reticular fiber B) proteoglycan C) elastin D) collagen E) hyaluronic acid

elastin

Because it forms covering and lining layers for body structures, ________ tissue has very little extracellular matrix. A) epithelial B) connective C) muscle D) nervous

epithelial

The four primary tissue types are A) epithelial, cartilage, muscle, and brain. B) connective, epithelial, skin, and blood. C) epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous. D) glands, bone, lungs, and kidney. E) bone, skin, blood, and muscle.

epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous.

The membrane that lines the digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive tracts consists of A) simple squamous epithelium and dense irregular connective tissue B) areolar and dense irregular connective tissue C) epithelium and lamina propria D) areolar tissue and lamina propria E) simple squamous epithelium and areolar tissue

epithelium and lamina propria

An example of a structure contained by the mediastinum is the ________. A) brain B) stomach C) esophagus D) sternum E) lung

esophagus

A cell that forms fibrous connective tissue would be called a ________. A) fibroclast B) fibrocyte C) fibroblast D) fibroid E) fibromast

fibroblast

The antebrachial region is the A) area in front of the elbow. B) chest area. C) lower back. D) bottom of foot. E) forearm.

forearm.

Adipose tissue A) functions as an insulator and a site of energy storage. B) exists in three forms: yellow, red, and brown. C) contains large amounts of extracellular matrix. D) is composed of relatively small cells. E) does not contain lipids.

functions as an insulator and a site of energy storage.

An intercalated disc is an example location of ________. A) hemidesmosome B) an adhesion belt C) a striation D) gap junctions E) goblet cells

gap junctions

Structures that function in intercellular communication include ________. A) desmosomes B) tight junctions C) hemidesmosomes D) gap junctions E) centrioles

gap junctions

A major limitation of radiographs is that they A) can only visualize bone. B) give only a flat, two-dimensional image of the body. C) are old technology that do not give good results. D) have very few applications.

give only a flat, two-dimensional image of the body.

Support cells of the brain and spinal cord are called ________. A) mesoderm B) glia C) neurons D) fibroblasts E) acinar

glia

The support and protection of neurons are provided by ________. A) dendrites B) ligaments C) glia D) neurons E) axons

glia

A delicate connective tissue composed of fibroblasts, collagen, and capillaries is called ________. A) simple squamous epithelium B) scab C) injury seal D) granulation tissue E) scar

granulation tissue

The inguinal region is commonly known as the ________. A) groin B) buttock C) breastbone D) upper arm E) navel

groin

A tissue is a A) structure contained within a cell. B) lower level of organization than a cell. C) group of organs that performs specific functions. D) group of cells with similar structure and function. E) structure that contains a group of organs.

group of cells with similar structure and function.

An increase in the number of cells is ________. A) reproduction B) growth C) differentiation D) metabolism E) organization

growth

The change in size of the bone marrow (where blood cells are produced) as an infant matures is an example of ________, whereas the transformation of blood stem cells into white blood cells is an example of ________. A) development; differentiation B) growth; development C) growth; differentiation D) differentiation; growth E) differentiation; development

growth; differentiation

Bone A) contains dead cells. B) is not rigid. C) does not contain protein fibers. D) has a rich blood supply. E) is avascular.

has a rich blood supply.

Unlike an exocrine gland, an endocrine gland A) is a secretory organ. B) sheds cells with its secretions. C) has no ducts. D) contains goblet cells. E) secretes to a surface

has no ducts.

The study of tissues is ________. A) cytology B) histology C) molecular biology D) microbiology E) surface anatomy

histology

The popliteal region is the ________. A) calf B) armpit C) hollow behind the knee D) neck E) thigh

hollow behind the knee

A glandular secretion has been analyzed and indicates the presence of cytoplasmic components that include DNA and nuclear proteins. This indicates ________ mode of secretion. A) holocrine B) merocrine C) autocrine D) eccrine

holocrine

A long, unbranched polysaccharide found in the extracellular matrix of connective tissue is ________. A) proteoglycan B) tropocollagen C) hyaluronic acid D) chondronectin

hyaluronic acid

Marfan syndrome is a hereditary defect of elastin fibers. People with this syndrome have ________. A) hyperextensible joints B) a small cranium C) elastic bones D) stronger bones E) viscous blood

hyperextensible joints

In reference to the body temperature in living organisms, the set point can be defined as the A) ideal normal value. B) current specific value. C) amount of change that must occur for a condition to return to ideal normal value.

ideal normal value.

A cut through the long axis of an organ is a/an ________ section. A) longitudinal B) oblique C) transverse

longitudinal

If the esophagus were cut from superior to inferior, as it occurs in the thoracic cavity, this would be considered a ________ section. A) longitudinal B) transverse C) oblique D) cross

longitudinal

The lumbar region is the A) area in front of the elbow. B) chest area. C) lower back. D) bottom of foot. E) forearm.

lower back.

Reticular tissue is found in A) muscles. B) long bones. C) lymphatic organs. D) the intestinal lining. E) nervous tissue.

lymphatic organs.

The extracellular material of a tissue is called the ________. A) connective tissue B) matrix C) ectoderm D) cytoplasm

matrix

The extracellular material of tissues is called ________. A) plasma B) lymph C) matrix D) fibroblast E) cytoplasm

matrix

A thin layer of tissue that covers an organ or lines a cavity is a ________. A) tendon B) lamella C) membrane D) dendrite E) mesentery

membrane

The embryonic germ layer that is the source of connective tissue and muscle is ________. A) mesoderm B) endoderm C) ectoderm D) exoderm E) neuroectoderm

mesoderm

An organism's ability to use energy in order to swim is an example of ________. A) metabolism B) responsiveness C) organization D) maturation E) development

metabolism

A thick, sticky secretion produced by goblet cells is called ________. A) serous fluid B) synovial fluid C) plasma D) saliva E) mucus

mucus

Stratified epithelium consists of A) multiple layers of cells. B) a single layer of cells. C) a single layer of cells that changes shape when the tissue is stretched. D) a multiple layer of cells that appears to change shape when the tissue is stretched. E) None of the choices are correct.

multiple layers of cells

The umbilical region is commonly known as the ________. A) groin B) buttock C) breastbone D) upper arm E) navel

navel

The cervical region is the ________. A) calf B) armpit C) hollow behind the knee D) neck E) thigh

neck

Blood glucose concentration rises after a meal and stimulates the pancreas to release the hormone insulin. Insulin travels in the blood and stimulates the uptake of glucose by body cells from the bloodstream, thus reducing blood glucose concentration. This is an example of ________. A) negative feedback B) positive feedback C) dynamic equilibrium D) integration control E) set point adjustment

negative feedback

During exercise, one generates excess heat and the body temperature rises. As a response, blood vessels dilate in the skin, warm blood flows closer to the body surface, and heat is lost. This is an example of ________. A)negative feedback B) positive feedback C) dynamic equilibrium D) integration control E) set point adjustment

negative feedback

A pseudo-unipolar neuron is characterized by the presence of A) one dendrite. B) two dendrites. C) three dendrites. D) four dendrites. E) no dendrites

no dendrites

This is a diagram of a multipolar neuron. What does "A" represent? A) Nucleus of neuron B) Dendrite C) Cell body of neuron D) Axon E) Glia cells

nucleus

Cells that break down bone are called ________. A) osteoblasts B) osteoclasts C) osteocytes D) fibroblasts E) chondroblasts

osteoclasts

Cells that maintain bone are called ________. A) osteoblasts B) osteoclasts C) osteocytes D) fibroblasts E) chondroblasts

osteocytes

The wall of the abdominopelvic cavity is lined by a serous membrane called the A) visceral pleural membrane. B) parietal peritoneum. C) visceral mediastinal membrane. D) visceral peritoneum. E) epicardium.

parietal peritoneum

Macrophages are cells specialized for ________. A) support B) absorption C) secretion D) phagocytosis E) transport

phagocytosis

An investigator who conducts an experiment to determine how changes in pH affect the function of enzymes on digestion is most likely to be a/an ________. A) neurologist B) anatomist C) engineer D) physiologist E) histologist

physiologist

Platelets adhere to a damaged blood vessel → Platelets secrete various substances → Platelets adhere to a damaged blood vessel This is an example of ________ feedback. A) positive B) negative

positive

This figure illustrates changes in blood pressure when ________ feedback mechanisms are in control. A) positive B) negative

positive

When a woman is giving birth, the head of the baby pushes against her cervix and stimulates the release of the hormone oxytocin. Oxytocin travels in the blood and stimulates the uterus to contract. Labor contractions become more and more intense until the baby is expelled. This is an example of ________. A) negative feedback B) positive feedback C) dynamic equilibrium D) integration control E) set point adjustment

positive feedback

Collagen, elastin, and reticular fibers in connective tissues are all considered ________. A) phospholipids B) carbohydrates C) adipose tissue D) proteins E) triglycerides

proteins

The extracellular matrix of connective tissue contains ________. A) adipose B) plasma C) serous fluid D) synoval fluid E) proteoglycans

proteoglycans

A term that means "toward the attached end of a limb" is ________. A) medial B) lateral C) superficial D) distal E) proximal

proximal

The shoulder is ________ to the elbow. A) lateral B) dorsal C) distal D) ventral E) proximal

proximal

Blood cells are produced in hemopoietic tissue found in A) yellow bone marrow. B) brown bone marrow. C) red bone marrow. D) white bone marrow. E) compact bone

red bone marrow.

Suturing a large wound A) allows healing by secondary union. B) reduces risk of infection and helps to heal faster. C) increases scar formation. D) leads to wound contracture. E) prevents scarring.

reduces risk of infection and helps to heal faster.

The study of the body's organization by areas is ________. A) systemic anatomy B) regional anatomy C) molecular biology D) microbiology E) surface anatomy

regional anatomy

The integumentary system A) regulates body temperature. B) breaks down food into small particles for absorption. C) controls intellectual functions. D) produces body movements. E) coordinates and integrates body function.

regulates body temperature.

The pseudostratified columnar epithelium of the bronchi in smokers may transform into stratified squamous epithelium. This is an example of ________. A) regeneration B) replacement C) atrophy D) differentiation E) hyperplasia

replacement

Nerve cells generate electrical signals in response to changes in the environment. This is an example of ________. A) respiration B) digestion C) movement D) filtration E) responsiveness

responsiveness

In a negative feedback mechanism, the response of the effector A) reverses the original stimulus. B) enhances the original stimulus. C) has no effect on the original stimulus. D) is usually damaging to the body. E) creates a cycle that leads away from homeostasis.

reverses the original stimulus.

A vertical plane that separates the body into right and left portions is called a ________ plane. A) sagittal B) transverse C) frontal D) horizontal E) coronal

sagittal

The type of membrane that protects internal organs from friction is a ________ membrane. A) serous B) synovial C) mucous D) partial E) plasma

serous

The anatomical arm refers to the part of the upper limb from the A) shoulder to the wrist. B) elbow to the wrist. C) shoulder to the elbow. D) elbow to the fingers. E) shoulder to the fingers.

shoulder to the elbow.

Glands whose ducts have no branches are called ________. A) simple B) compound C) acinar D) alveolar E) branchless

simple

Epithelium that is primarily secretory in function would most likely be A) simple squamous. B) stratified squamous. C) keratinized columnar. D) transitional. E) simple cuboidal.

simple cuboidal.

The epidermis of the skin is composed of A) stratified cuboidal epithelium. B) simple squamous epithelium. C) stratified squamous epithelium. D) irregular dense fibrous connective tissue. E) stratified columnar epithelium.

stratified squamous epithelium.

A muscle that is not consciously controlled and has a banded appearance would be described as A) striated voluntary. B) striated involuntary. C) nonstriated voluntary. D) nonstriated involuntary. E) smooth voluntary.

striated involuntary.

Connective tissue is separated into subgroups based on the A) cell number. B) shape of the cells. C) number of cell layers. D) protein types. E) structure of the extracellular matrix

structure of the extracellular matrix

The study of the external form of the body and its relationship to deeper structures is ________. A) systemic anatomy B) regional anatomy C) molecular biology D) microbiology E) surface anatomy

surface anatomy

The type of membrane that lines freely movable joints is a ________ membrane. A) serous B) synovial C) mucous D) visceral E) pleural

synovial

Collagenous fibers are very abundant in ________. A) blood and hyaline cartilage B) blood, adipose tissue, and osseous tissue C) ligaments, bones, and the most superficial portion of the skin D) tendons, ligaments, and the deeper portion of the skin E) areolar tissue, tongue, and bones

tendons, ligaments, and the deeper portion of the skin

A cell is A) a small structure within a molecule. B) a structure composed of several tissue types. C) the basic structural unit of living organisms. D) a group of organs with a common set of functions. E) a group of atoms with similar structure and function.

the basic structural unit of living organisms.

The parietal pericardium is A) a double-layered serous membrane that anchors some of the abdominal organs to the body wall. B) the serous membrane that covers the lungs. C) the serous membrane that lines the abdominal and pelvic cavities. D) the space located between the visceral and parietal pleura. E) the membrane that lines the pericardial sac.

the membrane that lines the pericardial sac.

The visceral pleura is A) a double-layered serous membrane that anchors some of the abdominal organs to the body wall. B) the serous membrane that covers the lungs. C) the serous membrane that lines the abdominal and pelvic cavities. D) the space located between the visceral and parietal pleura. E) the membrane that lines the pericardial sac.

the serous membrane that covers the lungs.

The parietal peritoneum is A) a double-layered serous membrane that anchors some of the abdominal organs to the body wall. B) the serous membrane that covers the lungs. C) the serous membrane that lines the abdominal and pelvic cavities. D) the space located between the visceral and parietal pleura. E) the membrane that lines the pericardial sac.

the serous membrane that lines the abdominal and pelvic cavities.

The various types of epithelium are classified by A) the size and shape of cells. B) the shape of cells and number of cell layers. C) the number of cell layers and size of the cells. D) the size and location of cells. E) function and size of cells.

the shape of cells and number of cell layers.

The pleural cavity is A) a double-layered serous membrane that anchors some of the abdominal organs to the body wall. B) the serous membrane that covers the lungs. C) the serous membrane that lines the abdominal and pelvic cavities. D) the space located between the visceral and parietal pleura. E) the membrane that lines the pericardial sac.

the space located between the visceral and parietal pleura.

Anatomy is A) the study of function. B) a branch of physiology. C) the study of structure. D) the study of living organisms. E) the study of homeostasis

the study of structure.

The femoral region is the ________. A) calf B) armpit C) hollow behind the knee D) neck E) thigh

thigh

The type of cell connection that serves as a permeability barrier is a ________. A) hemidesmosome B) desmosome C) gap junction D) intercalated disc E) tight junction

tight junction

In the intestine, ________ ensure(s) that most digested nutrients pass through the epithelial cells and not between them. A) the plasma membrane B) desmosomes C) tight junctions D) gap (communicating) junctions E) ground substance

tight junctions

Epithelial tissue is characterized by A) tightly packed cells. B) absence of any basement membrane. C) extensive extracellular matrix. D) a rich blood supply. E) Both "tightly packed cells" and "a rich blood supply" are correct.

tightly packed cells.

A collection of specialized cells and extra-cellular substances around them is known as a/an ________. A) organ B) organelle C) tissue D) organism

tissue

An aggregation of cells and extracellular materials which performs a discrete function is known as a/an ________. A) organ B) organelle C) tissue D) cell

tissue

Posterior means A) toward the middle or midline of the body. B) away from the surface. C) closer to the head. D) closer than another structure to the point of attachment to the trunk. E) toward the back of the body

toward the back of the body.

Medial means A) toward the middle or midline of the body. B) away from the surface. C) closer to the head. D) closer than another structure to the point of attachment to the trunk. E) toward the back of the body.

toward the middle or midline of the body.

True or False? Positive feedback mechanisms are more commonly seen in ________ individuals. A) healthy B) unhealthy

unhealthy

The brachial region is commonly known as the ________. A) groin B) buttock C) breastbone D) upper arm E) navel

upper arm

In the inflammatory response, clotting proteins form a clot. This action A) stimulates pain receptors. B) increases the permeability of blood vessels. C) walls off foreign particles and microbes. D) produces edema. E) phagocytizes microbes.

walls off foreign particles and microbes.