Bio Chapter 11 Homework

Darwin and Wallace made independent observations in different parts of the world. Which statements are true?

-Both collected huge numbers of specimens and realized that individuals vary within species. -Both witnessed nature up close and realized it was a battlefield with massive casualties. -Both observed slightly different species on nearby islands and concluded that species could change over time.

After his journey on the HMS Beagle, Darwin made this now-famous sketch in his notebook. Which ideas does it represent?

-Species descend from other species just as naturally as children come from parents -All species are connected to one another in a "family tree." -All species are linked to one another by common ancestry.

Which observations led Darwin to establish a relationship between extinct and living animals?

-The bony shells of armadillos resembled the shells of ancient Glyptodon fossils.—The bony shells of armadillos resembled the shells of ancient Glyptodon fossils.

Darwin and Wallace independently arrived at the same conclusion that species change over time. Which observations supported their conclusions?

-The fossilized remains of giant sloths were similar to the smaller, living sloths Darwin encountered. -Mockingbirds from different Galapagos islands had subtle, consistent differences. -Tortoises from different Galapagos islands have distinct shells. -Bird families clustered geographically: cockatoos in the Malay Archipelago and Australia, macaws and hummingbirds in the Americas. -Birdwing butterflies were found throughout the Malay archipelago, but species differed slightly from island to island. -The bony shells of armadillos resembled fossilized shells from the extinct Glyptodon.

Which of the following best describes what we can determine about the evolution of the eye?

A variety of species exist that are likely to be similar to common ancestors whose eyes evolved to different degrees over time.

Which organisms are most closely related?

Cheetahs and leopards, which are both in the family Felidae

Humans and chimpanzees have a common ancestor that lived approximately 5 million years ago. Scientists have arranged an impressive collection of ancestral human fossils in chronological order to observe the evolutionary changes to more human-like characteristics. What evidence supports the statement that humans and chimps have a common ancestor that lived approximately 5 million years ago?

DNA sequence similarity

How do genetic engineering techniques lend support to the theory of common descent?

Genes from one organism can be moved to a very different organism and still code fro the same protein

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

Organisms can change their DNA in order to become better adapted to their environment.

Which human structure has a modification that allows for an upright stance?

Pelvis

What conclusion resulted from Darwin's observations on the voyage of the HMS Beagle?

Similar species share a common ancestor.

What does the wide variety of different types of animal eyes represent?

The intermediate forms that probably occurred in the common ancestors of today's animals

A pharmaceutical company is developing a new head lice treatment that kills 99% of lice on contact. What may happen after the treatment has been used for a few years?

The number of lice resistant to the chemical treatment will increase.

Which factor would be the most important consideration for a scientist designing a study to observe evolution in a population?

The organism should have a short generation time.

A giraffe and a mouse (both mammals) have the same number of vertebrae in their neck and spine. Which of the following accounts for this?

The vertebrae in their neck and spine are homologous because they share a common ancestor.

Sharks (which are fish) and dolphins (which are mammals) are both shaped like a torpedo. Which of the following accounts for this?

Their shape arose through convergent evolution, since that shape is beneficial for animals living in the ocean.

How are a bats wing, a sea lions flipper, and a lions front leg related?

They are all homologous structures.

Which of the following best describes the likely evolutionary steps that led to a complex eye like we see in humans?

a flat sheet of light-sensitive cells; light-sensitive cells in a cup; a pinhole camera without a lens; a pinhole camera with a lens

Which of these statements are supported by this phylogenetic tree?

-African monkeys share a common ancestor with gorillas, chimpanzees, and humans -African monkeys are equally related to gorillas, chimpanzees, and humans.

What tutor of Siemens would most biologists consider the statement "All modern organisms derive from a single common ancestor" to be?

An accepted scientific theory

Which letter on the tree represents the most recent common ancestor of gorillas and humans?

B

What did Wallace conclude from observing that the bones in manatee flippers look similar to the bones in a human arm and hand?

Manatees' arm and finger bones are evidence that manatees share a common ancestor with land mammals.

Which change is an example of biological evolution?

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococus aureus is resistant to many antibiotics.

When Charles Darwin set sail on the HMS Beagle, what did he and most of his contemporary scientists think about the origin of species?

Most scientists, including Darwin, thought each species was specially created by God in its present form and did not change over time.

What process involves populations adapting to a changing environment?

Natural Selection

Why is special creation not considered a scientific explanation for the diversity of life on earth?

Special creation involves a supernatural creator, which is not observable or measurable in the material universe.

As Wallace traveled the Malay Archipelago, he noticed that western islands had placental mammals, like monkeys. Eastern islands had marsupial mammals, like kangaroos. How did Wallace explain this distribution?

The western islands were once connected to Asia and the eastern islands had been connected to Australia. The islands had never been connected to each other.

Which hypothesis suggested that species arise separately and then adapt to a changing environment over time?

Transformation Hypothesis

Scientists have collected many fossils from various ancestral species of the modern horse. Despite some missing links, why would this collection still support the theory of common descent?

Because evidence of intermediate forms supports the link between ancestors and modern species

How does the evidence for the theory of common descent demonstrate Consilience?

Observations from many different sources support the theory.

What evidence shows the similarities between humans and apes?.

The DNA, development, and adult anatomy

According to the video, how quickly could evolution take place, going from the simplest light-sensitive cells to a fully-functioning eye?

over the course of 400,000 generations