bio Chapter 34

In some arthropods tagmatization has produced a combination of head and thorax known as a A. Cephalothorax B. Fused corpora C. Headless mite D. Larval instar E. Thoracotomy

A. Cephalothorax

The rasping tongue, the radula, is present in which molluscan group? A. Bivalve B. Oyster C. Clam D. Snail E. Scallops

D. Snail

Barnacles are sessile filter feeders but unlike bivalves they have internal fertilization. How do they solve this problem? A. The filter sperm from the water column B. They get fertilized during free living larval stages C. They are only capable of asexual reproduction D. They are hemaphrodites with especially long penises

D. They are hemaphrodites with especially long penises

Which feature is an evolutionary novelty of hexapods? A. Jointed appendages B. Mandibles C. Chitinous exoskeletons D. Wings E. Antennae

D. Wings

Annelids possess all of the following except A. Muscles to swim, crawl, and burrow B. Ganglia to respond to light and respond to other environmental cues C. Circulatory, excretory, and neural elements in each segment D. Setae in each segment E. Adductor muscles

E. Adductor muscles

A marine biologist is conducting research on animals that have a lophophore and two calcified shells. Based on this information, this animal must belong to the phylum A. Mollusca B. Phoronida C. Ectoprocta D. Bryopoda E. Brachiopoda

E. Brachiopoda

The grasshopper equivalent of an ear is found:

The answer is C. On the abdomen

The lophophore of a brachiopod serves the same function as the __________ in a bivalve. A. Mantle B. Foot C. Shell D. Gills

D. Gills

The rigid chitinous exoskeleton of an arthropod has all of the following functions except it A. Provides a place for muscle attachment B. Protects the animal from predators C. Impedes water loss D. Maintains a uniform size for all individuals of that species E. Prevents injury to the animal

D. Maintains a uniform size for all individuals of that species

The passage of an arthropod through stages from egg to adult is A. Differentiation B. Evolution C. Graduation D. Metamorphosis E. Succession

D. Metamorphosis

Which one of the following incorrectly matches a molluscan structure with its typical function A. Ctenidia—secretion of the shell (when present) B. Visceral mass—houses organs of digestion, excretion, reproduction C. Foot—locomotion D. Nephrostome—collection of nitrogenous wastes E. Radula—feeding organ

A. Ctenidia—secretion of the shell (when present)

Scorpions have a prosoma, pedipalps that are modified into claws, and chelicerae. Which taxonomic group are they a member of? A. Chelicerata B. Hexapoda C. Crustacea D. Myriapoda

A. Chelicerata

How would an earthworm stretch its body to reach a patch of dirt after crossing a hot sidewalk? A. Contraction of the circular muscles B. Contraction of the longitudinal muscles C. Relaxing the setae D. Pulling on the setae

A. Contraction of the circular muscles

If a hiker picked up a mollusk on a trail in a rain forest, what class would it belong to? A. Gastropoda B. Polyplacophora C. Bivalvia D. Cephalopoda

A. Gastropoda

Air passage into the trachea of most insects is controlled by the closing and opening of valves, which operate special openings called A. Spiracles B. Ocelli C. Ommatidia D. Book lungs E. Malpighian tubules

A. Spiracles

A snail in your garden and an oyster are quite different in appearance. What would be evidence to justify grouping them together? A. Both use a radula for feeding B. Both have a mantle capable of secreting calcium carbonate C. Both use siphons to obtain oxygen D. Both have sensory antenna.

B. Both have a mantle capable of secreting calcium carbonate

The medicinal leech, once used to withdraw "unhealthy" blood from patients, produces ____________ to ensure blood flow from the host? A. Antibiotics B. Antibodies C. Anticoagulants D. Blood clots E. Suture material

C. Anticoagulants

Each segment of an annelid typically contains bristles of chitin called A. Cilia B. Parapodia C. Chaetae D. Leglets

C. Chaetae

The sexual reproduction of earthworms characteristically is A. Hermaphroditic but cross-fertilizing B. Hermaphroditic but self-fertilizing C. Normal type between individuals who remain as males and females throughout their life time D. Normal appearing, but individuals change sex periodically E. Normal appearing, but individuals reproduce only once in their lives

A. Hermaphroditic but cross-fertilizing

In terms of the number of species, the most successful class of arthropods is A. Hexapoda B. Chelicerata C. Crustacea D. Chilopoda E. Myriapoda

A. Hexapoda

The phyla Bryozoa and Brachiopoda have which feature in common? A. Nephridia B. A lophophore C. A radula D. Setae E. A muscular foot

B. A lophophore

All of the following are either structures or characteristics of members of the Class Bivalvia of the Phylum Mollusca except A. The mantle B. A radula C. A shell D. Gills E. Open circulation

B. A radula

How does a ribbon worm differ from a flatworm? A. A flatworm has a complete digestive system B. A ribbon worm has a mouth and an anus C. Flatworms are deuterostomes D. Flatworms are radially symmetrical and ribbon worms are bilaterally symmetrical

B. A ribbon worm has a mouth and an anus

A marine biologist visits your biology class and begins his talk entitled, "Life as a Trochophore." A friend seated next to you asks, "What is a trochophore?" You explain that a trochophore is A. Another name for the veliger stage in earthworm reproduction B. A term used to describe a larval form of either the phylum Mollusca or Annelida C. Another name for the veliger stage in the oyster D. Similar to a lophophore, but only found in the phylum Annelida E. A parasite in the intestines of a bivalve mollusk

B. A term used to describe a larval form of either the phylum Mollusca or Annelida

An entomologist observed a locust sitting on a branch pumping its abdomen like an accordion. What is the insect doing? A. Speeding the flow of blood through its veins and arteries B. Assisting gas exchange in the tracheal system C. Clearing its spinnerets D. Stretching out its pedipalps

B. Assisting gas exchange in the tracheal system

In what way are a human and a crab similar? A. Vertebrates and arthropods are deuterostomes B. Both have muscles that pull against rigid skeletons C. Both have closed circulatory systems D. Both have a continuos growth pattern

B. Both have muscles that pull against rigid skeletons

Trochophores, the free-swimming larvae of many mollusks, are propelled through the water by A. Flagella B. Cilia C. Flame cells D. Nephridia E. The radula

B. Cilia

Nauplius, a unique kind of larva, is characteristic of A. Mites B. Crustaceans C. Horseshoe crabs D. Insects E. Chelicerates

B. Crustaceans

Why doesn't a tapeworm have a mouth on its scolex? A. The mouth is on the proglottids B. Endoparasites don't need a mouth C. The mouth is located at the end of the pharynx D. Tapeworms use a radula instead of a mouth to feed

B. Endoparasites don't need a mouth

Chelicerae function as A. Eyes B. Fangs or pincers C. Jaws or mandibles D. Teeth E. Wings

B. Fangs or pincers

How would the absence of chitin affect a land snail? A. It would not have a shell B. It would have difficulty feeding C. It could not form its exoskeleton D. Molting would not be possible.

B. It would have difficulty feeding

In mollusks, the folds of tissue that arise from the dorsal body wall and enclose a cavity surrounding the visceral mass are called the A. Foot B. Mantle C. Nephridia D. Radula E. Lophophore

B. Mantle

The nitrogenous waste in mollusks is removed by A. Flame cells B. Nephridia C. Malpighian tubules D. Incurrent siphon E. Flagella

B. Nephridia

Which one of the following incorrectly matches a molluscan group with a feature characterizing that group? A. Gastropoda—torsion B. Nudibranchs—extensive gills in mantle cavity C. Bivalvia—reduced head and no radula D. Polyplacophora—eight calcareous plates E. Cephalopoda—closed circulatory system

B. Nudibranchs—extensive gills in mantle cavity

Eyes with single lenses that respond to light and darkness are found in many arthropods; these are the A. Compound eyes B. Ocelli C. Apposition eyes D. Ommatidia E. Superposition segments

B. Ocelli

Pinworm is spread by contact, and the worms cause severe itching around the anus. Why is it so common? A. The intense itch produces an intense desire to scratch B. Sometime people don't wash their hands after scratching their peri-anal region C. Insect vectors spread the disease D. The eggs end up in the soil

B. Sometime people don't wash their hands after scratching their peri-anal region

If you examine a spider and an ant, you notice quickly that they are arthropods but they have different characteristics. Select the incorrect choice of characteristics. A. Spiders have a cephalothorax and abdomen; insects have a head, a thorax, and an abdomen B. Spiders and insects have a tracheal respiration system C. Spiders are strictly carnivorous; insects can be carnivorous or herbivorous depending on the species D. Spiders and insects have open circulatory systems E. Spiders do not have wings; many insects do have wings

B. Spiders and insects have a tracheal respiration system

The cephalopod mollusks have A. A muscular foot B. Tentacles C. Two siphons D. Setae E. Jointed appendages

B. Tentacles

Paramecia use cilia for locomotion and to gather organic matter. How are rotifers similar? A. Rotifers are single celled B. The corona is used for feeding and swimming C. Paramecia are animals closest relatives D. Both are terrestrial organisms

B. The corona is used for feeding and swimming

In arthropods, locomotion is accomplished by muscles that work against A. Each other B. The exoskeleton C. A hydrostatic skeleton D. Mineralized bones E. The pseudocoel

B. The exoskeleton

Dibenzoylhydrazines are a category of molecules that have been used as insecticides. They work by blocking ecdysteroid receptors. How does this kill an insect? A. The insect can no longer excrete nitrogenous wastes B. The insect cannot molt C. The insect can no longer coordinate its movements D. The chitinous exoskeleton is dissolved

B. The insect cannot molt

How could a palentologist distinguish between a bryozoan fossil and a brachiopod fossil? A. Bryozoans are large and solitary B. Zoecia are always found in aggregates C. You can only distinguish the two by examining the lophophore D. Bryozoans often look like bivalves

B. Zoecia are always found in aggregates

Which one of the following statements about the phylum Brachiopoda is false? A. Brachiopods are often misidentified as bivalves B. Brachiopods were much more diverse in the past C. As in bivalves, the valves in brachiopods are lateral (left and right) to the body axis D. Most brachiopods are sessile (attached) E. The lophophore resides within the brachiopod's shells

C. As in bivalves, the valves in brachiopods are lateral (left and right) to the body axis

Select the mismatched pair of Phylum Mollusca classes and their examples. A. Polyplacophora—chitons B. Gastropoda—slugs C. Bivalvia—snails D. Cephalopoda—nautilus E. Gastropoda—nudibranchs

C. Bivalvia—snails

Interoctopus communication is facilitated by A. A radula B. Mantle connections C. Chromatophores D. Chemical pheromones

C. Chromatophores

Which of the following organs of cephalopods resemble those of the vertebrates? A. Arms B. Nephridia C. Eyes D. Digestive tissues E. Foot

C. Eyes

The evolutionary innovation that first appeared in arthropods and is characteristic of the most successful of all animal groups is that of A. Bilateral symmetry B. Coelomic body architecture C. Jointed appendages D. Segmentation E. Three primary types of tissues

C. Jointed appendages

The excretory structures of terrestrial arthropods are slender projections from the digestive tract that are attached at the junction of the midgut and hindgut. These are called A. Flame cells B. Kidneys and bladders C. Malpighian tubules D. Nephridia E. Ocelli

C. Malpighian tubules

Squids and octopuses move by means of water movement through their A. Tentacles B. Cilia and flagella C. Modified mantle cavity D. Muscular foot E. Radula

C. Modified mantle cavity

The phylum that includes snails, clams, oysters, and octopuses is the: A. Ectoprocta B. Brachiopoda C. Mollusca D. Annelida E. Phoronida

C. Mollusca

Humans have direct development, a closed circulatory system, well developed eyes, and large brains. Which mollusk also shares there features? A. Chiton B. Slug C. Octopus D. Nudibranch

C. Octopus

Compound eyes are composed of independent visual units called A. Apposition segments B. Ocelli C. Ommatidia D. Retinas E. Simple eyes

C. Ommatidia

Inside its beak an octopus has a rasping tongue that is used to tear apart food, which gastropod structure is this analogous to? A. Mantle B. Shell C. Radula D. Nephridium

C. Radula

Which one of the following insect organ systems has placed the greatest limitation on body size compared to that of vertebrates? A. Nervous system B. Digestive system C. Respiratory system D. Circulatory system E. Excretory system

C. Respiratory system

What is a simple way for determining if an annelids is a polychaete or a clitellate? A. The number of segments B. Possession of a closed circulatory system C. The amount of setae D. The layout of the digestive system

C. The amount of setae

Why would a leech have a hard time feeding if it did not produce anticoagulants? A. The pain of the leech bite would cause the leech to be detected B. The leech would have a hard time locating appropriate hosts C. The blood would stop flowing after a short time D. The leech would have a hard time remaining attached to its host

C. The blood would stop flowing after a short time

A marine biologist makes a presentation about crustaceans to your biology class. He explains that he has recently received an NSF grant to study sessile crustaceans. You are only aware of one group of sessile crustaceans. This crustacean must be A. A lobster B. A crayfish C. A shrimp D. A barnacle E. The nauplius

D. A barnacle

Turbellarian flatworms have a distict head. When comparted to the head of an insect what is it missing? A. Sensory organs B. Light sensitive structures C. Anterior collection of nerve cells D. A mouth

D. A mouth

According to the modern classification scheme, which animal would be a spider's closest relative? A. A snail B. An earthworm C. A tapeworm D. A roundworm E. A squid

D. A roundworm

Decapod crustaceans (shrimps, lobsters, and crabs) all lack A. A carapace, a dorsal cephalothorax shield B. A ventral line of appendages, swimmerets C. A tail spine, telson D. Chelicerae

D. Chelicerae

Spiders and certain other arthropods which lack jaws or mandibles are placed in a subphylum called A. Agnathae B. Amandibulata C. Blood suckers D. Chelicerates E. Mandibulates

D. Chelicerates

At a celebratory dinner for a recent publication, a marine biologist ordered the lobster claw appetizer. What part did she order? A. Nauplius B. Telson C. Uropods D. Cheliped

D. Cheliped

You and your biology lab class take a field trip to a marine aquarium. Your guide is a marine biologist who studies squids. She explains to your class how squids are able to blend into their environment. She points out that squids have pouches of pigments embedded in their epithelium. The pouches are called A. Trochophores B. Spermatophores C. Lophophores D. Chromatophores E. Phytophores

D. Chromatophores

The organ that is responsible for secreting cocoons in the oligochaetes is known as the A. Nephridia B. Setae C. Radula D. Clitellum E. Lophophore

D. Clitellum

Earthworms show all of the following features except A. Containing segments with a mouth on the first and the anus on the last B. Containing touch-sensitive and light-sensitive organs in the segments C. Containing fewer setae than in polychaetes D. Containing distinct head regions and parapodia E. Being hermaphroditic.

D. Containing distinct head regions and parapodia

Radula modification allowed all of the following functions in gastropods except A. Scraping algae off rocks B. Eating vegetation C. Boring holes in other mollusk shells D. Protecting themselves with nematocysts E. Injecting poison through a harpoon-like structure

D. Protecting themselves with nematocysts

The partitions that separate the segments of the annelid body are known as A. Pseudocoels B. Nephridia C. Setae D. Septa E. Radula

D. Septa

Which one of the following annelid structures or events is not correctly paired with its role in locomotion? A. Circular muscles contract—segment becomes thin and long B. Longitudinal muscles contract—segment becomes thick and short C. Fluid in coelom—provides a hydrostatic skeleton D. Septum—allows each segment to move independently E. Chaetae—provides gas exchange surface for body muscles

E. Chaetae—provides gas exchange surface for body muscles

A biologist has been studying a mollusk that does not have a shell. It lives in the marine environment. Of the examples given below, which one did the biologist study? A. Clam B. Snail C. Nautilus D. Chiton E. Octopus

E. Octopus

Examples of mollusks that live on land are the A. Earthworms B. Land crabs C. Mussels D. Scorpions E. Snails and slugs

E. Snails and slugs

An invertebrate biologist is conducting research with crabs. Her interest is ecdysis. This implies that she studies A. Tagmatization processes in crustaceans B. How ommatidia function individually in a compound eye C. How the HOX gene controls the fusion of the head and thorax into the cephalothorax D. How ocelli evolved from mere photoreceptors to imaging lens E. The molting process

E. The molting process

Many marine mollusks have distinctive larvae which have their bodies encircled by a row of cilia. These larvae are called: A. Planulae B. Polyps C. Miracidia D. Zoecia E. Trochophores

E. Trochophores