Bio Chapter 39

A fruit fly's stimulus-response chain during mating behavior consists of which type of signal?

All of the listed responses are correct.

Pheromones function in __________.

All of the listed responses are correct.

Which of the following examples of behavior provides evidence of animal cognition?

All of the listed responses are correct.

Which of the following has an endoskeleton?

All of the listed responses are correct.

In which of the following animal groups does a hydrostatic skeleton not typically provide the primary support for locomotion in adults?

Arthropods

Which of the following is an oxygen-storing protein?

Myoglobin

Which of the following is not a feature of cardiac muscle?

Scattered arrangement of actin and myosin filaments

Which of the following is not a factor in Hamilton's rule?

Sex of the altruist

In associative learning, __________.

an animal learns as a result of associating a benefit or harm with an action

Proximate causes __________.

are immediate causes of behavior such as environmental stimuli

The structural polysaccharide of insect cuticle is __________.

chitin

The capacity of a bone to support the mass of the body depends directly on its __________.

cross-sectional area

According to the concept of kin selection, __________.

examples of altruism usually involve close relatives and increase an animal's inclusive fitness

Insect muscle differs from vertebrate muscle in ___________.

having a higher maximum contraction frequency

A crow that aids its parents in raising its siblings is increasing its __________.

inclusive fitness

Tetanus __________.

is the result of a volley of action potentials, whose summation produces an increased and sustained contraction

Smooth muscle contracts relatively slowly because __________.

it does not have a well-developed sarcoplasmic reticulum, so Ca2+ enters the cell through the plasma membrane during an action potential

Which of the following descriptions is an example of a fixed action pattern?

male stickleback attacking a red-bellied fish model

In a species in which females provide all the needed food and protection for the young, __________.

males are likely to be promiscuous

A motor unit is __________.

motor neuron and the muscle fibers it innervates

Glycolytic fast-twitch skeletal muscle differs from oxidative slow-twitch skeletal muscle in its __________.

source of ATP

When striated muscle fibers contract, __________.

the Z lines are pulled closer together

The cross-fostering of California mice in white-footed mice nests provides evidence for __________.

the influence of the early social environment on the expression of aggressive and parental behaviors

The role of ATP in muscle contraction is __________.

to release the myosin head from actin when it binds to myosin and to provide energy when hydrolyzed to form myosin's high-energy form

What is the role of calcium ions (Ca2+) in muscle contraction?

Calcium ions bind to troponin causing tropomyosin to move away from the myosin-binding sites on the actin filament.