Bio chapter 4,5,6

________ cells lack a membrane-enclosed Nucleus. a. Algal b. Bacterial c. Mold d. Fungal f. Protozoan g. Plant h. Animal

b. Bacterial

____________ Reactions are chemical reactions which break down large molecules into smaller molecules. a. Anabolic b. Catabolic

b. Catabolic

The _________ is the liquid portion of a chemical Solution. a. solute b. solvent

b. solvent

A(n) ___________ is a "splitting body" or a Eukaryotic cell organelle which contains digestive enzymes designed to break down food, damaged cellular structures, and foreign cells such as Bacteria found within the cell. a. Lysosome b. Nucleus c. Endoplasmic Reticulum d. Mitochondrion e. Chloroplast

a. Lysosome

Which one of the following structures is exclusively associated with (found in no other type of cell) Prokaryotic cells? a. Nucleoid b. Ribosome c. DNA d. a membrane-enclosed Nucleus

a. Nucleoid

Transmembrane Proteins which are attached to the Cell Membrane surface are called ___________ Proteins. a. Peripheral b. Integral

a. Peripheral

The function of a Chloroplast is __________. a. Photosynthesis b. Digestion c. ATP synthesis d. Lipid synthesis

a. Photosynthesis

Which one Eukaryotic cell organelle is a flattened membranous sack with Ribosomes attached to its' surface? a. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum b. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum c. Golgi Apparatus d. Nucleus

a. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Contractile Vacuoles in freshwater Protists prevent cells from bursting by controlling the water balance (removing the excess water out) of the organism. a. True b. False

a. True

Contractile Vacuoles prevent cells such as a Paramecium from bursting as a result of the of excess water. a. True b. False

a. True

During Aerobic and Anaerobic Cellular Respiration, some of the energy is "lost" in the form of Heat energy. a. True b. False

a. True

Enzymes are Substrate-specific (one Enzyme-one Substrate). a. True b. False

a. True

If a Cofactor is an organic molecule, such as most vitamins, it is called a Coenzyme. a. True b. False

a. True

Prokaryotic cells only contain Cytoplasm, DNA, and Ribosomes within their Cell Membranes. a. True b. False

a. True

Some proteins function as receptors for Hormones (chemical messengers) from other cells. a. True b. False

a. True

The function of Eukaryotic cell organelles are: Manufacturing, Breakdown of molecules, Energy Processing, Support, Movement, and Communication. a. True b. False

a. True

The ultimate source of energy for the Earth is our Sun. a. True b. False

a. True

The Golgi Apparatus _______. a. brings molecules in on one face, stores, modifies, and packages them to produce Vesicles on the other side with the modified molecules b. is the site of Photosynthesis c. adds together Amino Acids to produce Proteins d. is the site of Carbohydrate digestion

a. brings molecules in on one face, stores, modifies, and packages them to produce Vesicles on the other side with the modified molecules

Exergonic reactions are __________ a. energy releasing reactions such as Aerobic Cellular Respiration b. energy storing reaction such as photosynthesis

a. energy releasing reactions such as Aerobic Cellular Respiration

In the lab, you use a special balloon that is permeable to water but not sucrose to make an "artificial cell." The balloon is filled with a solution of 20% sucrose and 80% water and is immersed in a beaker containing a solution of 40% sucrose and 60% water. The solution in the balloon is ________ relative to the solution in the beaker. a. hypotonic b. hypertonic c. isotonic d. hydrophilic

a. hypotonic

Organismal Respiration ________ and Aerobic Cellular Respiration ________. a. is gas exchange at the organism level; produces ATP b. produces ATP; is gas exchange at the organism level c. uses Glucose; produces Glucose d. produces Glucose; produces Oxygen

a. is gas exchange at the organism level; produces ATP

Osmosis is a type of __________ Transport. a. passive b. active

a. passive

Simple Diffusion does not require the cell to expend ATP. Therefore, Simple Diffusion is considered a type of a. passive transport. b. exocytosis. c. active transport. d. endocytosis.

a. passive transport.

Osmosis does not require energy in order to occur. a. true b. false

a. true

Which one of the following statements regarding Cells is false? a. All Cells have a Cell Membrane or Plasma Membrane. b. All cells have a Cell Wall. c. All Cells have DNA as their genetic material.

b. All cells have a Cell Wall.

Which one of the following Eukaryotic cell organelles is more predominant or is larger in a Plant cells versus an Animal cell? a. Nucleus b. Central Vacuole or Cell Vacuole c. Golgi Apparatus d. Ribosome

b. Central Vacuole or Cell Vacuole

Which one of the following organelles is found in Plant cells only? a. Endoplasmic Reticulum b. Chloroplasts c. Cell Walls d. Ribosomes

b. Chloroplasts

Unlike Bacterial cells, Plant cells have ________ and ________. Unlike Plant cells, Bacterial cells have ________. a. Chloroplasts; Cell Walls; a Nucleus b. Chloroplasts; Cell Walls; Nucleoid c. Nucleoid; Cell Walls; large Central Vacuoles d. Nucleoid; Chloroplasts; Cell Walls

b. Chloroplasts; Cell Walls; Nucleoid

Many Enzymes require non-protein inorganic helpers such as Zinc and Iron called _________, which help the Enzyme act more efficiently. a. Coenzymes b. Cofactors

b. Cofactors

Most Plant and Animal cells are huge (very large, like a chicken egg). a. True b. False

b. False

Osmoregulation is the loss of control of water balance in an organism. a. True b. False

b. False

Potential Energy is the energy of motion. a. True b. False

b. False

Producers are Heterotrophic. a. True b. False

b. False

Ribosomes are the only site of Protein Synthesis. a. True b. False

b. False

If a cell is placed into a(n) __________ solution, there will be more solutes outside of the cell than inside of the cell and water will move to the outside of the cell. a. Gin & Tonic b. Hypertonic c. Ironic d. Isotonic e. Hypotonic

b. Hypertonic

Transmembrane Proteins which are embedded within the phospholipid bilayer are called ___________ Proteins. a. Unimembrane b. Integral c. Peripheral d. Omnimembrane

b. Integral

If a cell is placed into a(n) __________ solution, there will be equal solutes outside of the cell and inside of the cell and water will have a net movement of zero. a. Gin & Tonic b. Isotonic c. Ironic d. Hypotonic e. Hypertonic

b. Isotonic

Heat Energy is a type of ____________ Energy. a. Potential b. Kinetic

b. Kinetic

Light Energy is a type of ______________ Energy. a. Potential b. Kinetic

b. Kinetic

______________ is the synthesis of organic compounds using the energy of light. a. Chemosynthesis b. Photosynthesis

b. Photosynthesis

Which one of the following statements regarding Photosynthesis and Aerobic Cellular Respiration is true? a. Photosynthesis occurs in Mitochondria, and Aerobic Cellular Respiration occurs in Chloroplasts. b. Photosynthesis occurs in Chloroplasts and Aerobic Cellular Respiration occurs in Mitochondria. c. Aerobic Cellular Respiration occurs in Mitochondria and in Chloroplasts. d. Photosynthesis occurs in Mitochondria and in Chloroplasts.

b. Photosynthesis occurs in Chloroplasts and Aerobic Cellular Respiration occurs in Mitochondria.

Members of the Domain or Kingdom Archaea are composed of ________ cells. a. Eukaryotic b. Prokaryotic

b. Prokaryotic

Which one of the following statements is true for all types of Passive Transport? a. Only small polar molecules are able to cross the plasma membrane. b. The concentration gradient is the driving force. c. Proteins are needed to transport molecules across the membrane. d. Ions never cross the plasma membrane by passive transport.

b. The concentration gradient is the driving force.

In the Cell Membrane or Plasma Membrane, the heads of the Phospholipids _______. a. are Hydrophilic and face inward towards each other, shielded from water b. are Hydrophilic and face outward toward the inside and the outside of the Cell Membrane c. are Hydrophobic and face outward toward the inside and the outside of the Cell Membrane d. are Hydrophobic and face inward towards each other, shielded from water

b. are Hydrophilic and face outward toward the inside and the outside of the Cell Membrane

The Nucleus of a cell _________. a. produces ATP b. contains DNA c. is the primary location of Protein Synthesis d. is contained within the Nucleolus

b. contains DNA

Active Transport DOES NOT require energy in order to occur. a. true b. false

b. false

Diffusion occurs when substances move from point A to point B requiring energy in the form of ATP in order to move this distance. a. true b. false

b. false

Phospholipids are molecules with two non-polar fatty acid "tails" that are Hydrophilic and arranged towards each other and one polar phosphate "head" that is Hydrophobic which points towards the inside of the cell and the outside of the cell. a. True b. False

b. false

Potential energy is the energy of motion. a. true b. false

b. false

You are told that the cells on a microscope slide are either Plant, or Animal, or Bacterial cells. You look at them through a microscope and see Cell Walls, Chloroplasts, and other membrane-enclosed Organelles. You conclude correctly that the cells you are looking at are ________. a. animal cells b. plant cells c. bacterial cells d. plant or bacterial cells.

b. plant cells

The function of a Mitochondrion is __________. a. Nucleic Acid synthesis b. Lipid synthesis c. ATP synthesis d. Carbohydrate synthesis

c. ATP synthesis

Which one of the following statements regarding Cells is false? a. All Cells have a Cell Membrane or Plasma Membrane. b. All Cells have DNA as their genetic material. c. All cells have a Cell Wall.

c. All cells have a Cell Wall.

Cilia differ from Flagella in that ___________. a. Cilia are found only on the inside of a cell whereas Flagella are found only on the outside of a cell b. Cilia are found on Plant cells and Flagella are found on Animal cells c. Cilia are typically more numerous and shorter than Flagella which are longer and is more like a whip-like tail for a cell

c. Cilia are typically more numerous and shorter than Flagella which are longer and is more like a whip-like tail for a cell

Which one of the following statements about Lysosomes is false? a. Lysosomes help to digest worn-out or damaged organelles such as a non-functional Mitochondrion. b. Lysosomes fuse with Food Vacuoles to digest the food with Digestive Enzymes. c. Lysosomes synthesize Proteins.

c. Lysosomes synthesize Proteins.

The function of the ________ is the manufacture of RNA and Ribosomes. a. Chromatin b. DNA c. Nucleolus d. Endoplasmic Reticulum e. Chromosome

c. Nucleolus

If placed in tap water, an Animal cell will undergo Lysis, whereas a Plant cell will not. What accounts for this difference? a. Plant Cells are Isotonic to any type of water. b. Plant Cell Walls keep Plant cells from absorbing water. c. Plant Cell Walls keep plant cells from lysing. d. Plant Cell's Central Vacuole or Cell Vacuole discharge excess water.

c. Plant Cell Walls keep plant cells from lysing.

In Plant cells, when water enters the cell, this is called ___________. a. Cytolysis b. Plasmolysis c. Turgor Pressure d. Crenation

c. Turgor Pressure

Water will always _______________. a. move equally inside and outside of a cell. b. move to the inside of a cell. c. move in the direction of the greater concentration of solutes d. move to the outside of a cell. e. move in the direction of the lesser concentration of solutes.

c. move in the direction of the greater concentration of solutes

The optimal pH for most Human Enzymes is near __________. a. pH 0 b. pH 14 c. pH 7 (neutrality)

c. pH 7 (neutrality)

Plasma (Cell) Membranes are Selectively Permeable. This means that a. plasma membranes must be very thick. b. glucose cannot enter the cell. c. the plasma membrane allows some substances to enter or leave a cell more easily than others. d. anything can pass into or out of a cell as long as the membrane is intact and the cell is healthy.

c. the plasma membrane allows some substances to enter or leave a cell more easily than others.

If a cell is placed into a(n) __________ solution, Turgor Pressure builds up in plant cells while Cytolysis occurs in animal cells. a. Gin & Tonic b. Ironic c. Isotonic d. Hypotonic e. Hypertonic

d. Hypotonic

The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable (biological) membrane is called __________. a. a rare occurrence b. Active Transport c. a process that always requires proteins d. Osmosis e. always beneficial to a cell

d. Osmosis

Which one of the following types of cells contain Ribosomes? a. Prokaryotic cells b. Eukaryotic cells c. neither prokaryotic cells or Eukaryotic cells d. both Prokaryotic cells and Eukaryotic cells

d. both Prokaryotic cells and Eukaryotic cells

The Nucleus of a cell _________. a. produces ATP b. is contained within the Nucleolus c. is the primary location of Protein Synthesis d. contains DNA

d. contains DNA

Which one of the following is the Product (what the reaction is trying to make) of Aerobic Cellular Respiration? a. Oxygen b. Water c. Glucose d. Carbon Dioxide e. ATP

e. ATP

Which cell organelle produces ATP? a. Endoplasmic Reticulum b. Chloroplast c. Nucleus d. Golgi Apparatus e. Mitochondrion

e. Mitochondrion

Most of a cell's Enzymes are _____________. a. Amino Acids b. Lipids c. Nucleic Acids d. Carbohydrates e. Proteins

e. Proteins