Bio Chapter 6
16 extra credit) What is the function of the nuclear pore complex found in eukaryotes? A) It regulates the movement of proteins and RNAs into and out of the nucleus. B) It synthesizes the proteins required to copy DNA and make mRNA. C) It selectively transports molecules out of the nucleus, but prevents all inbound molecules from entering the nucleus. D) It assembles ribosomes from raw materials that are synthesized in the nucleus.
A) It regulates the movement of proteins and RNAs into and out of the nucleus.
38) The evolution of eukaryotic cells most likely involved _____. A) endosymbiosis of an aerobic bacterium in a larger host cell—the endosymbiont evolved into mitochondria B) anaerobic archaea taking up residence inside a larger bacterial host cell to escape toxic oxygen—the anaerobic bacterium evolved into chloroplasts C) an endosymbiotic fungal cell evolving into the nucleus D) acquisition of an endomembrane system and subsequent evolution of mitochondria from a portion of the Golgi
A) endosymbiosis of an aerobic bacterium in a larger host cell—the endosymbiont evolved into mitochondria
59 extra credit) Where would you expect to find tight junctions? A) in the epithelium of an animal's stomach B) between the smooth endoplasmic reticulum and the rough endoplasmic reticulum C) between plant cells in a woody plant D) in the plasma membrane of prokaryotes
A) in the epithelium of an animal's stomach
41) Cyanide binds with at least one molecule involved in producing ATP. If a cell is exposed to cyanide, most of the cyanide will be found within the _____. A) mitochondria B) peroxisomes C) lysosomes D) endoplasmic reticulum
A) mitochondria
27) Which structure is the site of the synthesis of proteins that may be exported from the cell? A) rough ER B) plasmodesmata C) Golgi vesicles D) free cytoplasmic ribosomes
A) rough ER
11) Prokaryotes are classified as belonging to two different domains. What are the domains? A) Bacteria and Eukarya B) Bacteria and Archaea C) Archaea and Protista D) Bacteria and Protista
B) Bacteria and Archaea
Using data from the table above, select the best explanation for why that cell will be able to eliminate waste most efficiently? A) Cell 1 since it has the smallest volume and will not produce as much waste as the other cells. B) Cell 2 since it has the highest surface area-to-volume ratio which facilitates the exchange of materials between a cell and its environment. C) Cell 3 since it has the largest surface area which will enable it to eliminate all of its wastes quickly. D) Cell 3 because it is big enough to allow wastes to easily diffuse through the plasma membrane.
B) Cell 2 since it has the highest surface area-to-volume ratio which facilitates the exchange of materials between a cell and its environment.
9) Which of the following is a major difference between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells? A) Prokaryotes have cells while eukaryotes do not. B) Eukaryotic cells have more intracellular organelles than prokaryotes. C) Prokaryotes are not able to carry out aerobic respiration, relying instead on anaerobic metabolism. D) Prokaryotes are generally larger than eukaryotes.
B) Eukaryotic cells have more intracellular organelles than prokaryotes.
24) Which structure is NOT part of the endomembrane system? A) nuclear envelope B) chloroplast C) Golgi apparatus D) plasma membrane
B) chloroplast
26) The difference in lipid and protein composition between the membranes of the endomembrane system is largely determined by the _____. A) transportation of membrane lipids among the membranes of the endomembrane system by small membrane vesicles B) function of the Golgi apparatus in sorting and directing membrane components C) modification of the membrane components once they reach their final destination D) synthesis of different lipids and proteins in each of the organelles of the endomembrane system
B) function of the Golgi apparatus in sorting and directing membrane components
34) Which organelle is the primary site of ATP synthesis in eukaryotic cells? A) lysosome B) mitochondrion C) Golgi apparatus D) peroxisome
B) mitochondrion
21) A cell with a predominance of free ribosomes is most likely _____. A) primarily producing proteins for secretion B) primarily producing proteins in the cytosol C) constructing an extensive cell wall or extracellular matrix D) enlarging its vacuole
B) primarily producing proteins in the cytosol
13) Which of the following is present in a prokaryotic cell? A) mitochondrion B) ribosome C) chloroplast D) ER
B) ribosome
3) In the fractionation of homogenized cells using centrifugation, the primary factor that determines whether a specific cellular component ends up in the supernatant or the pellet is the _____ .A) relative solubility of the component B) size and weight of the component C) percentage of carbohydrates in the component D) presence or absence of lipids in the component
B) size and weight of the component
29) The liver is involved in detoxification of many poisons and drugs. Which of the following structures is primarily involved in this process and, therefore, abundant in liver cells? A) rough ER B) smooth ER C) Golgi apparatus D) nuclear envelope
B) smooth ER
23) A cell with an extensive area of smooth endoplasmic reticulum is specialized to _____. A) play a role in storage B) synthesize large quantities of lipids C) actively export protein molecules D) import and export protein molecules
B) synthesize large quantities of lipids
22 extra credit) Which organelle often takes up much of the volume of a plant cell? A) lysosome B) vacuole C) Golgi apparatus D) peroxisome
B) vacuole
31) What is the most likely pathway taken by a newly synthesized protein that will be secreted by a cell? A) ER → Golgi → nucleus B) Golgi → ER → lysosome C) ER → Golgi → vesicles that fuse with plasma membrane D) ER → lysosomes → vesicles that fuse with plasma membrane
C) ER → Golgi → vesicles that fuse with plasma membrane
4 extra credit) What is the reason that a modern transmission electron microscope (TEM) can resolve biological images to the subnanometer level, as opposed to tens of nanometers achievable for the best super-resolution light microscope? A) The focal length of the electron microscope is significantly longer. B) Contrast is enhanced by staining with atoms of heavy metal. C) Electron beams have much shorter wavelengths than visible light. D) The electron microscope has a much greater ratio of image size to real size.
C) Electron beams have much shorter wavelengths than visible light.
30) Which of the following produces and modifies polysaccharides that will be secreted? A) lysosome B) mitochondrion C) Golgi apparatus D) peroxisome
C) Golgi apparatus
54) A mutation that disrupts the ability of an animal cell to add polysaccharide modifications to proteins would most likely cause defects in its _____. A) nuclear matrix and extracellular matrix B) mitochondria and Golgi apparatus C) Golgi apparatus and extracellular matrix D) nuclear pores and secretory vesicles
C) Golgi apparatus and extracellular matrix
52) Which of the following statements about the cytoskeleton is true? A) The cytoskeleton of eukaryotes is a static structure most resembling scaffolding used at construction sites. B) Although microtubules are common within a cell, actin filaments are rarely found outside of the nucleus. C) Movement of cilia and flagella is the result of motor proteins causing microtubules to move relative to each other. D) Chemicals that block the assembly of the cytoskeleton would have little effect on a cell's response to external stimuli.
C) Movement of cilia and flagella is the result of motor proteins causing microtubules to move relative to each other.
10) You have a cube of modeling clay in your hands. Which of the following changes to the shape of this cube of clay will decrease its surface area relative to its volume? A) Pinch the edges of the cube into small folds. B) Flatten the cube into a pancake shape. C) Round the clay up into a sphere. D) Stretch the cube into a long, shoebox shape.
C) Round the clay up into a sphere.
53) The cell walls of bacteria, fungi, and plant cells and the extracellular matrix of animal cells are all external to the plasma membrane. Which of the following is a characteristic common to all of these extracellular structures? A) They must block water and small molecules to regulate the exchange of matter and energy with their environment. B) They must provide a rigid structure that maintains an appropriate ratio of cell surface area to volume. C) They are constructed of polymers that are synthesized in the cytoplasm and then transported out of the cell. D) They are composed of a mixture of lipids and nucleotides.
C) They are constructed of polymers that are synthesized in the cytoplasm and then transported out of the cell.
33) Which of the following is NOT true? Both chloroplasts and mitochondria _____. A) have their own DNA B) have multiple membranes C) are part of the endomembrane system D) are capable of reproducing themselves
C) are part of the endomembrane system
43) Motor proteins provide for molecular motion in cells by interacting with what types of cellular structures? A) membrane proteins of the inner nuclear envelope B) free ribosomes and ribosomes attached to the ER C) components of the cytoskeleton D) cellulose fibers in the cell wall
C) components of the cytoskeleton
39) Where are proteins produced other than on ribosomes free in the cytosol or ribosomes attached to the ER? A) in the extracellular matrix B) in the Golgi apparatus C) in mitochondria D) in the nucleolus
C) in mitochondria
36) In a plant cell, DNA may be found _____. A) only in the nucleus B) only in the nucleus and chloroplasts C) in the nucleus, mitochondria, and chloroplasts D) in the nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, and peroxisomes
C) in the nucleus, mitochondria, and chloroplasts
2) The advantage of light microscopy over electron microscopy is that _____. A) light microscopy provides for higher magnification than electron microscopy B) light microscopy provides for higher resolving power than electron microscopy C) light microscopy allows one to view dynamic processes in living cells D) light microscopy provides higher contrast than electron microscopy
C) light microscopy allows one to view dynamic processes in living cells
17 extra credit) Which of the following macromolecules leaves the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell through pores in the nuclear membrane? A) DNA B) amino acids C) mRNA D) phospholipids
C) mRNA
12) Which structure is common to plant and animal cells? A) chloroplast B) central vacuole C) mitochondrion D) centriole
C) mitochondrion
40) Suppose a cell has the following molecules and structures: enzymes, DNA, ribosomes, plasma membrane, and mitochondria. It could be a cell from _____. A) a bacterium B) an animal but not a plant C) nearly any eukaryotic organism D) a plant but not an animal
C) nearly any eukaryotic organism
19) Large numbers of ribosomes are present in cells that specialize in producing which of the following molecules? A) lipids B) glycogen C) proteins D) nucleic acids
C) proteins
8) Cell size is limited by _____. A) the number of proteins within the plasma membrane B) the surface area of mitochondria in the cytoplasm C) surface to volume ratios D) the size of the endomembrane system
C) surface to volume ratios
28) Tay-Sachs disease is a human genetic abnormality that results in cells accumulating and becoming clogged with very large, complex, undigested lipids. Which cellular organelle must be involved in this condition? A) the endoplasmic reticulum B) the Golgi apparatus C) the lysosome D) mitochondrion
C) the lysosome
14) In a bacterium, we will find DNA in _____. A) a membrane-enclosed nucleus B) mitochondria C) the nucleoid D) ribosomes
C) the nucleoid
25) The Golgi apparatus has a polarity, or sidedness, to its structure and function. Which of the following statements correctly describes this polarity? A) Transport vesicles fuse with one side of the Golgi and leave from the opposite side. B) Proteins in the membrane of the Golgi may be sorted and modified as they move from one side of the Golgi to the other. C) Lipids in the membrane of the Golgi may be sorted and modified as they move from one side of the Golgi to the other. D) All of the listed responses correctly describe polarity characteristics of the Golgi function.
D) All of the listed responses correctly describe polarity characteristics of the Golgi function.
7) All of the following are part of a prokaryotic cell EXCEPT _____. A) a cell wall B) a plasma membrane C) ribosomes D) an endoplasmic reticulum
D) an endoplasmic reticulum
32 extra credit) Asbestos is a material that was once used extensively in construction. One risk from working in a building that contains asbestos is the development of asbestosis caused by the inhalation of asbestos fibers. Cells will phagocytize asbestos, but are not able to degrade it. As a result, asbestos fibers accumulate in _____. A) mitochondria B) ribosomes C) peroxisomes D) lysosomes
D) lysosomes
42) Suppose a young boy is always tired and fatigued, suffering from a metabolic disease. Which of the following organelles is most likely involved in this disease? A) lysosomes B) Golgi apparatus C) ribosomes D) mitochondria
D) mitochondria
47 extra credit) Researchers tried to explain how vesicular transport occurs in cells by attempting to assemble the transport components. They set up microtubular tracks along which vesicles could be transported, and they added vesicles and ATP (because they knew the transport process requires energy). Yet, when they put everything together, there was no movement or transport of vesicles. What were they missing? A) an axon B) contractile microfilaments C) endoplasmic reticulum D) motor proteins
D) motor proteins
37 extra credit) In a liver cell detoxifying alcohol and some other poisons, the enzymes of the peroxisome remove hydrogen from these molecules and _____. A) combine the hydrogen with water molecules to generate hydrogen peroxide B) use the hydrogen to break down hydrogen peroxide C) transfer the hydrogen to the mitochondria D) transfer the hydrogen to oxygen molecules to generate hydrogen peroxide
D) transfer the hydrogen to oxygen molecules to generate hydrogen peroxide