Bio Chapter 8

The 2n number for the cell depicted here is ________. one four eight two

2

What chromosomes belong to a typical human female? 44 autosomes and 2 X chromosomes 46 autosomes and two X chromosomes 22 autosomes and 2 X chromosomes 44 autosomes, one X chromosome, and one Y chromosome

44 autosomes and 2 X chromosomes

With the exception of gametes, a human cell contains __________ chromosomes. View Available Hint(s) 23 47 2n 46

46

The process of meiosis accomplishes which of the following? It provides for formation of four haploid cells and reduces the need for sister chromatids. It allows genetic exchange and eliminates the formation of haploid cells. It provides eight haploid gametes and can eliminate chromosomes. It produces four haploid cells and allows exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes.

It produces four haploid cells and allows exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes.

How is sexual reproduction different from asexual reproduction? Sexual reproduction occurs with only a single parent. Asexual reproduction requires testes and ovaries. Asexual reproduction requires two kinds of cell division. Sexual reproduction requires fertilization of an egg by a sperm.

Sexual reproduction requires fertilization of an egg by a sperm.

Sexual reproduction in humans ________. produces a haploid individual produces an individual with 23 chromosomes allows a haploid sperm cell to fertilize a haploid egg cell combines two diploid gametes, producing a zygote

allows a haploid sperm cell to fertilize a haploid egg cell

Chromosomes that do not determine the sex of an individual are called ______. sex chromosomes autosomes nonhomologous chromosomes homologous chromosomes

autosomes

Part complete Replication of chromosomal DNA occurs __________. before a cell divides to repair gene damage caused by mutation in the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell whenever a cell makes protein

before a cell divides

Part complete Which of the following is a function of the cell cycle that, in eukaryotes, involves mitosis? production of gametes sexual reproduction cell replacement speeding up evolution

cell replacement

Most of an organism's DNA is carried by its _____. nucleoli chromosomes mitochondria endoplasmic reticulum

chromosomes

Which processes lead to most genetic variation in sexually reproducing organisms? Select all that apply. crossing over independent orientation of chromosomes in meiosis random fertilization cytokinesis

crossing over independent orientation of chromosomes in meiosis random fertilization

A karyotype (a chromosome display) would be unable to determine ________. Down syndrome eye color Turner syndrome sex

eye color

Meiosis and cytokinesis result in the formation of __________. two haploid cells four haploid cells four diploid cells two diploid cells

four haploid cells

Which term is used to describe the way homologous pairs of chromosomes line up at random orientation during metaphase I? crossing over independent assortment genetic variation random fertilization

independent assortment

Part complete A consequence of asexual reproduction in a plant is that __________. a partner is needed for reproduction pollen dispersal is critical to survival gametes are produced in large numbers its entire genetic legacy can remain intac

its entire genetic legacy can remain intac

Part complete Sexual reproduction requires the cellular process of __________ followed by __________. mitosis ... gamete formation meiosis ... fertilization mitosis ... meiosis mitosis ... fertilization

meiosis ... fertilization

This diagram of the human life cycle shows that ________. meiosis produces a diploid zygote meiosis produces haploid sperm and egg cells fertilization produces a haploid zygote a diploid zygote undergoes meiosis to produce an adult human

meiosis produces haploid sperm and egg cells

The above figure shows that ________. meiosis forms diploid gametes meiosis results in the formation of four haploid daughter cells fertilization results in four haploid daughter cells the human 2n number is 4

meiosis results in the formation of four haploid daughter cells

One difference between mitosis and meiosis is ________. mitosis produces more daughter cells for each division than meiosis mitosis produces haploid cells, but meiosis produces diploid cells mitosis requires only one parent cell, but meiosis requires two parent cells mitosis produces cells genetically identical to the parent cell, but meiosis does not

mitosis produces cells genetically identical to the parent cell, but meiosis does not

Part complete Ordinary cell division produces two daughter cells that are genetically identical. This type of cell division is important for all of the following functions EXCEPT asexual reproduction. growth of a multicellular organism. cell replacement. production of sperm and eggs.

production of sperm and eggs.

Part complete A benign tumor is a condition in which tumor cells __________. migrate from the initial site of transformation to other organs or tissues remain confined to their original site invade the circulatory system have an unusual number of chromosomes

remain confined to their original site

Which of these describes the type of reproduction that is most adaptive in a rapidly changing environment with many different parasitic diseases present? asexual reproduction, because asexual reproduction uses less energy, which leaves more for each individual to adapt to the changing environment asexual reproduction because the currently successful genotypes can reproduce quickly sexual reproduction because this type of reproduction allows the production of a greater number of offspring thus providing more individuals to take advantage of any environmental challenges presented sexual reproduction because the diversity of genotypes increases the likelihood that there is one which can survive in a new environment

sexual reproduction because the diversity of genotypes increases the likelihood that there is one which can survive in a new environment

Part complete A duplicated chromosome consists of two ______. centrosomes sister chromatids centromeres genomes

sister chromatids

A typical body cell with 23 pairs of chromosomes is called a __________. somatic cell gamete haploid cell sister cell

somatic cell

Part complete Crossing over is __________. an independent assortment of chromosomes the exchange of corresponding portions of homologous chromosomes the movement of genetic material from one chromosome to a nonhomologous chromosome the formation of tetrads

the exchange of corresponding portions of homologous chromosomes

The mitotic cell cycle results in the production of ________. four cells, each with the same amount of genetic material and the same genetic information four cells, each with the same amount of genetic material but with different genetic information two cells, each with the same amount of genetic material and the same genetic information two cells, each with the same amount of genetic material but with different genetic information

two cells, each with the same amount of genetic material and the same genetic information