bio exam 3 final

gives rise to plasma cells, which produce antibodies

B lymphocyte

All of the following statements are TRUE regarding lung cancer EXCEPT which one?

One hundred percent of lung cancers are caused by smoking or exposure to cigarette smoke.

an agranulocyte that targets and then destroys cancer cells and viral-infected cells

T lymphocyte

An increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in the body causes

a decrease in the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid.

Blood pressure is highest in

arteries

leukocyte that releases histamine to cause an inflammatory response

basophil

Carbon dioxide is carried from the tissues to the lungs by a variety of mechanisms. Which of the following lists these mechanisms in order representing the mechanism that carries the most carbon dioxide to the mechanism that carries the smallest amount?

bicarbonate—carbaminohemoglobin—dissolved in plasma

A condition in which wheezing occurs with breathlessness and a persistent cough, and yields yellowish or greenish phlegm is

bronchitis

During the formation of a blood clot, conversion of prothrombin into the enzyme thrombin requires

calcium ions.

Bronchioles differ from bronchi in that they

can have alveoli attached to them.

Exchange of nutrients and gases between blood and tissues is the primary function of

capillaries.

All of the following are involved in the process of breathing EXCEPT which one?

circulatory system

Air in the airways that does not participate in gas exchange is known as

dead space volume.

Blood pumped from the right ventricle is ________ and enters the ________.

deoxygenated; pulmonary trunk

Fluid in the lymphatic system, as well as interstitial fluid, is

derived from blood plasma.

protects the body from parasitic infections

eosinophil

During the ingestion of food or liquid, which one of the following tips to block the opening to the trachea?

epiglottis

erythropoietin stimulates stem cells to make this type of cell

erythrocyte

filled with hemoglobin

erythrocyte

All veins carry deoxygenated blood.

false

Antibiotics are the preferred treatment for colds.

false

Artificial hearts are used routinely today to replace damaged hearts when a donor heart is not available for transplant.

false

Blood poisoning (septicemia) is typically treated with transfusions.

false

Blood substitutes currently being investigated focus on the oxygen-carrying capability of the substitutes as well as their ability to provide defenses similar to those of white blood cells.

false

Blood displays a bright red color when

four oxygen molecules bind to hemoglobin to create oxyhemoglobin.

A small amount of fluid is contained in the pleural cavity to

function as a lubricant as the lungs move during ventilation.

A physician finds that one of his patients has the following problems: Blood clots very slowly or not at all, and severe bruises result from even the most minor bumps. Which one of the following conditions would likely be diagnosed based on this information?

hemophilia

An increased risk for cardiovascular health problems is associated with

high blood levels of LDLs.

Blood doping, practiced by many athletes involved in the Tour de France as well as other sports, involves the illegal use of drugs to

increase the amount of oxygen carried in blood.

During exhalation, the pressure inside the lungs

initially is higher than atmospheric pressure, but drops as air leaves the body.

Fluid that "escapes" from the circulatory system due to high pressure is referred to as

interstitial fluid.

Eosinophils are especially important in defending the human body from infection by

large parasites.

During puberty, the increased production of testosterone in males causes the rapid enlargement of which one of the following structures of the respiratory system?

larynx

As an erythroblast develops into an erythrocyte, it

loses its ability to reproduce.

An electrocardiogram is used to

measure the electrical activity of the heart.

remains in the bone marrow but participates in the clotting process

megakaryocyte

large white blood cell that leaves the blood to go into body tissue and becomes a macrophage

monocyte

External respiration is the process of

moving gases into or out of the blood stream within lung tissue.

Blood pressure is highest in

multiplying heart rate by stroke volume.

the first white blood cell to combat an infection\

neutrophil

the most abundant type of white blood cell

neutrophil

All of the following are recommended ways to reduce the risk of developing cardiovascular disease EXCEPT which one?

older adults — use hormone replacement therapy

Blood pressure in veins is lower than that in arteries, and a series of ________ are necessary to prevent backflow of blood.

one-way valves

A damaged red blood cell is removed from circulation by

phagocytosis by macrophages in the spleen.

About 55% of whole blood is ________, which is/are mostly made up of water.

plasma

Albumin, alpha globulin, beta globulin, and gamma globulin are all examples of

plasma proteins.

A high hematocrit might indicate

polycythemia

During inspiration, intercostal muscles function to

pull the rib cage up and out, so that lung volume increases.

Each of the following is part of the systemic circuit EXCEPT the

pulmonary arteries.

A scientist is interested in doing a research project on hemoglobin. From which one of the following could he extract the hemoglobin for his study?

red blood cells

All of the following are part of an individual's vital capacity EXCEPT which one?

residual volume

After blood flows through the right atrium of the heart, its next major destination is the

right ventricle.

Electrical impulses that stimulate contraction of heart muscles are initiated in the

sinoatrial node.

During a cough, what is responsible for constricting the size of the trachea?

smooth muscle

Dead and injured white blood cells are removed from circulation by the

spleen

Albumin proteins in human blood function

to maintain blood volume.

Blood plasma contains dissolved proteins and hormones.

true

Blood pressure in veins is lower than blood pressure in arteries, due in part to the larger diameter of veins.

true

Calcium must activate prothrombin to its enzyme form before it can participate in the clotting mechanism.

true

Coronary arteries supply the heart muscle with nutrients and oxygen.

true

Deoxygenated blood in the right side of the heart never mixes with the oxygenated blood in the left side of the heart.

true

E-cigarettes are often regulated as a tobacco product that contains chemicals, but they do not contain tobacco.

true