BIO Exam 3 Questions

The figure above (11.2) shows a sagittal section through the brain. Match each labeled part (A-F) of the brain with its function. This letter represents the area of the brain which controls language, decision making, and conscious thought.

A

Physicians recommend that people breathe through their noses instead of their mouths. Which of the following occurs as air is drawn through the nose?

Air is warmed and filtered.

Skin is able to prevent most microorganisms from entering the body by _________.

All are correct, except for the production of antibodies.

The figure above (11.2) shows a sagittal section through the brain. Match each labeled part (A-F) of the brain with its function. This letter represents the part of the brain that regulates body temperature and stimulates the hunger drive.

C

An action potential is a long or rapid release of energy, generated by the sodium-potassium pumps of neurons.

False

During periods of stress or increased activity, the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system predominates; during periods of rest, the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system predominates.

False

Histamine is released by neutrophils to induce an inflammation response when tissues become damaged.

False

In order to reduce the number of cases of bovine spongiform encephalopathy, many countries around the world are using improved detection methods as well as banning the incorporation of animal tissues in animal feed.

True

Shorter vocal cords generate higher-pitched tones than longer ones.

True

The best way to defend the body from a viral infection is to prevent the infection by using a vaccine.

True

A mild fever is part of the body's second line of defense and aids the body by _____. a. creating an inhospitable internal environment for pathogenic bacteria. b. speeding up defense reactions. c. increasing the metabolic rate of body cells. d. increasing the rate of tissue repair. e. all of these

all of these

Bacteria are among the smallest living organisms on the planet, which is an advantage for which of the following reasons? a. they require less nutrients than a larger organism. b. a high surface area-to-volume ratio. c. small size makes it easy to obtain raw materials. d. the ability to discard waste into the environment. e. all of these

all of these

Prions ________. a. are believed to be the pathogen that causes variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. b. are resistant to high temperatures and drying. c. are proteins that are capable of replicating themselves. d. are normal brain proteins that have an incorrect shape.

all of these

Air in the airways that does not participate in gas exchange is known as ________.

dead space volume.

The advantage of having memory cells in our specific defenses is _________.

if exposed to an antigen a second time, they quickly become plasma cells.

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a bacteria?

neither living or dead

Cells that provide direct protection and physical support to neurons are _______. (Hint: general name)

neuroglial cells.

The figure above (11.2) shows a sagittal section through the brain. Match each labeled part (A-F) of the brain with its function. This letter represents the area of the brain which controls the visual and auditory input and coordinates movement.

F

All cells that make up the nervous system have excitable membranes.

False

Oxygen moves from the lungs into the blood during internal respiration.

False

The best way to reduce bacterial pathogens in the blood stream is to reduce a fever as quickly as possible.

False

The functional barrier between blood and the brain is cerebrospinal fluid.

False

The trachea is completely surrounded by rings of cartilage, resulting in an organ that is inflexible.

False

Which of the following is NOT true regarding pneumonia?

It is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Which of the following is NOT true regarding the spinal cord?

Its outer portions are composed of gray matter.

_______ are located in the tonsils to filter out many of the microorganisms that enter the throat.

Lymphocytes

When discussing the second-line of defense in the human immune system, which cells do NOT implement the process of phagocytosis?

T cells

Which of the following is NOT true regarding the limbic system?

The midbrain serves as the gateway to and from the limbic system.

Which of the following best explains why people get so many colds in their lifetime?

The viruses that cause colds evolve rapidly, which results in a change in their antigenic structure.

An increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in the body will result in a decrease in the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid, which will result in an increase in breathing rate.

True

Lung diseases, such as emphysema, can be diagnosed by measuring lung volumes and the rates at which these volumes change.

True

Motor neurons of the peripheral nervous system transmit impulses away from the central nervous system.

True

Prions are infectious proteins that cause normal proteins in the brain to misfold.

True

Repolarization of a neuron to the resting state requires the activation of sodium-potassium pumps.

True

The two subdivisions of the nervous system are the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system.

True

In the photo below, which lobe of the brain controls sensory information from the skin and joints?

Yellow: Parietal

Ventilation refers to the process by which ___________.

air moves into and out of the lungs.

The process of breathing requires the coordinated efforts of the _________. a. circulatory system. b. bones. c. respiratory system. d. muscles. e. all of these

all of these

Which of the following is typical of spinal cord injuries? a. Most injuries involve the crushing of axons in the spinal cord. b. Several weeks after the injury, fluid-filled cysts form, blocking nerve signals. c. Macrophages sometimes destroy healthy tissue near the site of injury as they attempt to clear the area of debris. d. Swelling, caused by bleeding at the site of injury, results in damage to axons.

all of these

During a brain surgery, the surgeon passes a scalpel through the dura mater on her way to the brain. Which of the following does she pass through next?

arachnoid

Oligodendrocytes are similar to Schwann cells in that they ________.

are a type of neuroglial cell.

Most of the carbon dioxide released by cells is transported in the veins in what form?

bicarbonate

Arrange the following entries in the order in which air contacts them as air is drawn into the body. a. trachea b. bronchiole c. pharynx d. alveoli e. larynx

c, e, a, b, d

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of asthma?

choking

Which of the following results from the stimulation by nerve impulses generated in the brain when they arrive at the main muscle involved in inspiration?

contraction of the diaphragm

A small amount of fluid is contained in the pleural cavity to _______.

function as a lubricant as the lungs move during ventilation to reduce friction.

Passive immunity differs from active immunity in that passive immunity ______.

involves the administration of pre-formed antibodies.

Bronchioles differ from bronchi in that bronchioles ________.

lack cartilage in their walls.

When air leaves the pharynx, it next enters the _________.

larynx

Which of the following white blood cells kills its target cells by releasing chemicals that break down the target cell membrane?

natural killer cells

During inspiration, intercostal muscles function to __________.

pull the rib cage up and out, so that lung volume increases.

Which of the following diseases is caused by a virus?

rabies

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of botulism?

rash

During repolarization of a neuron, _____________.

sodium channels close and potassium rushes out of the cell to temporarily re-establish the membrane potential.

Use Figure 11.1 to answer the following questions. Which of the following processes is depicted in the diagram above?

synaptic transmission

The central nervous system is composed of _________.

the brain and spinal cord.

Which of the following is NOT correct regarding the structure of the antibody?

An antibody is made up of two polypeptide chains linked by hydrogen bonds.

The figure above (10.2) shows the components of the respiratory system. Match each labeled structure (A-E) to its description. This letter represents the large airways that enter each lung and these walls contain connective tissue, smooth muscles, and cartilage.

C

Use Figure 11.1 to answer the following questions. During this process, influx of ________ cause(s) vesicles in the axon bulb to fuse with the cell membrane, releasing ________.

Ca(2+), neurotransmitter

The figure above (10.2) shows the components of the respiratory system. Match each labeled structure (A-E) to its description. This letter represents the site of the vocal cords and the glottis is the opening to this structure.

A