bio final exam
21) Which region is occupied by exons only (V)?
A
16) When does exon shuffling occur?
during meiotic recombination
19) A recent study compared the Homo sapiens genome with that of Neanderthals. The results of the study indicated that there was a mixing of the two genomes at some period in evolutionary history. What data were discovered that suggested this conclusion?
A) A number of modern H. sapiens with Neanderthal sequences were observed.
12) Which of the following statements correctly describes a multigene family?
A) It is made up of genes whose sequences are very similar and that probably arose by duplication.
11) In humans, the embryonic and fetal forms of hemoglobin have a higher affinity for oxygen than that of adults. Why is this the case?
A) Nonidentical genes produce different versions of globins during development.
9) The comparison between the number of human genes and those of other animal species has led to 9) many conclusions, including the idea that
A) the number of proteins expressed by the human genome is far more than the number of its genes.
15) Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes. By contrast, chimpanzees have 24 pairs of chromosomes and lack any pair resembling the long human chromosome 2 pair; instead, chimpanzees have two pairs of medium - sized chromosomes, each of which resembles parts of human chromosome pair 2. What is the most likely explanation for these differences and similarities in the human and chimpanzee genomes?
B) The common ancestor of humans and chimpanzees had 24 pairs of chromosomes, and at some point in the human lineage, two chromosomes fused end to end, providing some selective advantage.
13) Which of the following genomic components can be duplicated in a genome?
B) sequences, chromosomes, or sets of chromosomes
22) Figure 18.2 shows a diagram of blocks of genes on human chromosome 16 and the locations of blocks of similar genes on four chromosomes of the mouse. What does the movement of these blocks in the genomes suggest?
C) Chromosomal translocations have moved blocks of sequences to other chromosomes.
8) Why might the cricket genome have 11 times as many base pairs as that of Drosophila melanogaster ?
D) Crickets must have more noncoding DNA.
18) Homeotic genes contain a homeobox sequence that is highly conserved among very diverse species. The homeobox is the code for that domain of a protein that binds to DNA to regulate development of the embryo. The selective expression of homeotic genes, over time and space, is central to pattern formation during development. Based on this information, which of the following statements would you expect to be correct?
D) Homeotic genes are selectively expressed over space and time during development.
10) What characteristic of short tandem repeat DNA makes it useful for DNA fingerprinting?
D) The number of repeats varies widely from person to person or animal to animal.
14) Unequal crossing over during prophase I can result in one sister chromosome with a deletion and another with a duplication. A mutated form of hemoglobin, so - called hemoglobin Lepore, exists in the human population. Hemoglobin Lepore has a deleted series of amino acids. If this mutated form was caused by unequal crossing over, what would be an expected consequence?
D) There should also be persons whose hemoglobin contains two copies of the series of amino acids that is deleted in hemoglobin Lepore.
20) Fragments of DNA have been extracted from the remnants of extinct woolly mammoths, amplified, and sequenced. How might these fragments be used now?
D) They may be used to clone live woolly mammoths.
Bioinformatics includes all of the following except
DNA technology to combine DNA from two different sources in a test tube.
. Which region includes Alu elements and LI sequences?
E
7) Which of the following statements provides a correct representation of gene density?
Humans have ~20,000 genes in 3,000 Mb.
17) What might be the most reasonable approach to determine the probable function of a particular sequence of DNA in humans?
Look for a reasonably identical sequence in another species, prepare a knockout of this sequence in that species, and look for the consequences.
24) How might identical and obviously duplicated gene sequences have gotten from one chromosome to another?
by chromosomal translocation
Which of the following statements most correctly describes the whole - genome shotgun technique for sequencing a genome?
cloning fragments from many copies of an entire chromosome, sequencing the fragments, and then ordering the sequences
A microarray known as a GeneChip, with most of the human protein - coding genetic sequences, has been developed to aid in the study of human cancer by first comparing two to three subsets of cancer subtypes. What kind of information might be gleaned from this GeneChip to aid in cancer prevention?
data that could alert patients to what kind of cancer they were likely to acquire
Several of the different globin genes are expressed in humans, but at different times in development. What mechanism could allow for this?
differential gene regulation over time
Homeotic genes
encode transcription factors that control the expression of genes responsible for specific anatomical structures.
Two eukaryotic proteins have one domain in common but are otherwise very different. Which of the following processes is most likely to have contributed to this similarity?
exon shuffling
What is metagenomics?
sequencing DNA from a group of species from the same ecosystem
23) Figure 18.2 shows a diagram of blocks of genes on human chromosome 16 and the locations of blocks of similar genes on four chromosomes of the mouse. Which of the following descriptions represents another example of the same phenomenon that is responsible for the rearrangements depicted in Figure 18.2?
the apparent centric fusion between two chromosome pairs of primates such as chimpanzees to form the ancestor of human chromosome 2
What is bioinformatics?
the application of computational methods to the storage and analysis of biological data
What is proteomics?
use of restriction enzymes
Which of the following procedures is required when the shotgun approach to sequencing is modified as sequencing by synthesis, in which many small fragments are sequenced simultaneously?
use of restriction enzymes