Bio Final

Match the molecules shown below and to the right: a. cholesterol b. dipeptide c. saturated fatty acid d. polyunsaturated fatty acid e. glucose

4, 5, 3, 2, 1

In a single molecule of water, the two hydrogen atoms are bonded to a single oxygen atom by: a. polar covalent bonds b. ionic bonds c. hydrogen bonds d. nonpolar covalent bonds

a

Which modifications of fatty acids will best keep triglycerides solid at warmer temperatures? a. adding hydrogens and trans double bonds to the fatty acids b. adding cis double bonds and trans double bonds to the fatty acids c. creating cis double bonds to the fatty acids d. adding hydrogens to the fatty acids e. creating trans double bonds to the fatty acids

a

A molecule with the formula C18H36O2 is probably a ____ where one with the formula C6H12O6 is probably a _____. a. carbohydrate and fatty acid, respectively b. fatty acid and monosaccharide, respectively c. protein and monosaccharide, respectively d. nucleic acid and fatty acid, respectively e. fatty acid and nucleotide, respectively

b

Which of the following statements is/are true regarding chemical reaction (5) illustrated above? a. it is a hydrolysis reaction b. it results in a peptide bond c. it joins two fatty acids together d. it is a hydrolysis reaction and it results in a peptide bond e. it is a hydrolysis reaction, it results in a peptide bond, and it joins two fatty acids together

b

Which of the following would move through the plasma membrane most rapidly? a. glutamic acid, an amino acid b. glucose c. CO2 and O2 d. NaCl and H2O

c

Which functional group shown at right is: i) is an acidic functional group that can release H+ into a solution? ii) a basic functional group that can accept H+? iii) can exist as a ketone or aldehyde configuration? iv) a characteristic of alcohols? v) helps stabilize proteins by forming covalent cross-links within or between protein molecules?

c, d, b, a, e

A bacterium engulfed by a white blood cell's phagocytosis will be digested by enzymes within: a. golgi vesicles b. vacuoles c. peroxisomes d. lysosomes e. secretory vesicles

d

A comparison of saturated and naturally occurring unsaturated fats reveals that the unsaturated fats are ________ at room temperature and have ________? a. solids; cis double bonds b. liquids; trans double bonds c. liquids; single bonds d. liquids; cis double bonds e. solids; single bonds

d

A molecule with four joined rings that is the precursor of vertebrate sex hormones and is also found in the vertebrate phospholipid bilayer is: a. estrogen b. testosterone. c. glycerol d. cholesterol e. a phospholipid

d

Polysaccharides, triacylglycerides, and proteins are similar in that they: a. are synthesized from monomers by the process of hydrolysis b. are decomposed into their subunits by dehydration reactions c. all contain nitrogen in their monomer building blocks d. are synthesized from subunits by dehydration reactions e. are synthesized as a result of peptide bond formation between monomers

d

Stanley Miller's 1953 experiments demonstrated conclusively that: a. life arose on Earth from simple organic molecules, with energy from lightning and volcanoes b. the conditions on early Earth were conducive to the origin of life c. life arose on Earth 3.8 billion years ago from simple inorganic molecules d. organic molecules can be synthesized abiotically under conditions that may have existed on early Earth e. the conditions on early Earth were conducive to the abiotic synthesis of organic molecules

d

When a dry glucose molecule is placed in water, which two functional groups interact to form the ring structure? a. carboxyl (-COOH) and hydroxyl (-OH) b. carbonyl (-C=O) and carboxyl (-COOH) c. hydroxyl (-OH) and hydroxyl (-OH) d. carbonyl (-C=O) and hydroxyl (-OH) e. amino (-NH2) and hydroxyl (-OH)

d

A bond that forms after joining monomers (such as DNA or insulin) is a(n): a. hydrogen bond b. ionic bond c. peptide bond d. van der waals interaction e. covalent bond

e

Using the functional group diagram at right answer A-E which of the following is incorrectly matched? a. A= amino group b. B= thiol group c. C= carbonyl (aldehyde) d. D= organic phosphate e. E= carboxyl group

e

Water is able to form hydrogen bonds because: a. the oxygen atom in a water molecule has a weak positive charge b. each of the hydrogen atoms in a water molecule is weakly negative in charge c. oxygen has a valence of 2 d. the water molecule is shaped like a tetrahedron e. the bonds that hold together the atoms in a water molecule are polar covalent bonds

e

What do the four 'elements of life' -carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen- have in common? a. They are equal in electronegativity b. They are elements produced only by living cells c. they all have the same number of valence electrons d. each element exists in only one isotopic form e. they all have unpaired electrons in their valence shells

e

site of transcription of mRNA and tRNA for protein synthesis

nucleus