Bio Homework Test 2

What is the equation for photosynthesis? 6CO2 + 6H20-->C6H1206 + 602 H20-->2H+ + 1/2 O2 + 2e- C6H1206 + 6 02-->6CO2 + 12H20

6CO2 + 6H20-->C6H1206 + 602

___ is used as food and ___ is produced as a waste in the overall process of cellular respiration. water, ATP ATP, oxygen glucose, carbon dioxide

glucose, carbon dioxide

Of the metabolic pathways listed, the only pathway found in almost all organisms is ___ cellular respiration glycolysis fermentation

glycolysis

What is the name of the process in which glucose is converted to pyruvic acid? fermentation electron transport chain glycolysis

glycolysis

Which of the following metabolic pathways is common to both aerobic and anaerobic processes of sugar breakdown electron transport chain glycolysis citric acid cycle

glycolysis

Which of the following is the correct sequence of stages in cellular respiration? citric acid cycle, electron transport, glycolysis electron transport, glycolysis, citric acid cycle glycolysis, citric acid cycle, electron transport

glycolysis, citric acid cycle, electron transport

Which of these wavelengths is least useful for photosynthesis? orange green yellow

green

Which one of these colors is strongly reflected by chlorophyll? red orange green

green

The ___ separate in meiosis 1, the ___ separate in meiosis 2. homologous chromosomes, sister chromatids sister chromatids, homologous chromosomes

homologous chromosomes, sister chromatids

In osomosis, water always moves toward the ___ solution, that is, toward the solution with the ___ solute concentration. isotonic, greater hypotonic, lesser hypertonic, greater

hypertonic, greater

In photosynthesis, what is the fate of the oxygen atoms present in CO2? They end up ___. in sugar molecules as O2 in sugar molecules and in water

in sugar molecules and in water.

Orientation of homologous pairs of chromosomes at metaphase 1 results in alternative arrangements that contribute to genetic variation in offspring. the orientation is called ___. genetic variation metaphase independent assortment

independent assortment

During ___, the cell carries out its normal functions and the chromosomes are thinly spread out throughout the nucleus. metaphase interphase anaphase

interphase

A cell that neither gains nor loses water when it is immersed in a solution is ___. isotonic to its environment hypotonic to its environment hypertonic to its environment

isotonic to its environment

Which of the following includes some of the benefits of photosynthesis? it is a source of carbon dioxide it is an oxygen source as well as a source of stored energy it stores chemical energy

it is an oxygen source as well as a source elf stored energy.

The process of meiosis accomplishes which of the following choices? it provides 8 haploid gametes and can eliminate chromosomes it produces 4 haploid cells and allows exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes it provides mechanisms for sexual reproduction and eliminates the need for mitosis

it produces 4 haploid cells and allows exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes.

C4 plants conserve water by running the Calvin cycle at night shuttling CO2 from the Calvin cycle to the water-splitting photosystem keeping their stomata closed when the seater is hot and dry

keeping their stomata closed when the weather is hot and dry

Sports physiologists at an Olympic training center wanted to monitor athletes to determine at what point their muscles were functioning anaerobically. They could do this by checking for a buildup of ___. oxygen carbon dioxide lactic acid

lactic acid

Plant cells that contain the organelle responsible for photosynthesis are in the cells of leaves chlorophyll grana

leaves

An animal cell placed in a hypertonic solution will ___. lose water by active transport and shrivel lose water by osmosis and shrivel gain water by osmosis and lyse

lose water by osmosis and shrivel

The overall function of the Calvin cycle is ____. making sugar producing carbon dioxide capturing sunlight

making sugar

Which of the following statements is correct? organisms that undergo asexual reproduction contribute only 1/2 of their chromosomes to their offspring. the sperm and egg have twice as many chromosomes as the parental cells. meiosis results in gametes that are used in reproduction.

meiosis results in gametes that are used in reproduction.

The sum total of all the chemical reactions that occur in organisms is called ___. replication metabolism inheritance

metabolism

___ is to eating as ___ is to drinking endocytosis, exocytosis cell pumping, endocytosis phagocytosis, pinocytosis

phagocytosis, pnicytosis

The genes that malfunction and cause a cell to become cancerous usually ___. are not present regulate cell division control RNA transcription

regulate cell divison

The functions of meiosis are ___ reproduction (production of gametes) growth and replacement of damaged cells

reproduction (production of gametes)

Anything that prevents ATP formation will most likely ___. result in the conversion of kinetic energy to potential energy result in cell death force the cell to rely on ADP for energy

result in cell death

Through what structure do plants obtain most of their water? leaves interior cells roots

roots

Which component of the following reaction is the enzyme? sucrose + sucrase + water-->sucrase + glucose + fructose fructose water sucrose

sucrase (THERE TWICE)

Which component of the following reaction is the substrate? sucrose + sucrase + water-->sucrase + glucose + fructose sucrose fructose sucrase

sucrose

Looking through a light microscope at a dividing cell, you see two separate groups of chromosomes on opposite ends of the cell. New nuclear envelopes are taking shape around each group. The chromosomes then begin to disappear as they unwind. You are witnessing ____. metaphase anaphase telophase

telophase

Burning biofuels releases CO2 into the atmosphere, contributing to global warming. However, this is at least partially offset by ___. the O2 absorbed during photosynthesis as the plants grow the O2 released during photosynthesis as the plants grow the CO2 absorbed during photosynthesis as the plants grow

the CO2 absorbed during photosynthesis as the plants grow

When light strikes chlorophyll molecules, they lose electrons, which are ultimately replaced by other electrons obtained by _____. 1. splitting water 2. breaking down ATP 3. glucose

1. splitting water

Anaerobic respiration produces a maximum of ___ ATP per glucose. 2 38 4

2

Meiosis is typically accomplished in ___. 1 step: a diploid cell divides to produce 2 haploid gametes. 3 steps: all of the chromosomes are duplicated in a diploid cell, and then there are 2 cell divisions to produce 4 haploid gametes 2 steps: a diploid cell divides to produce 2 haploid gametes, these are then duplicated to produce a total of 4 gametes

3 steps

The "photo" part of the word "photosynthesis refers to ______, whereas "synthesis" refers to _____. 1. The reactions in the stomata, reactions in the thylakoid 2. The Calvin Cycle, the incorporation of carbon dioxide. 3. The light reactions that occur in the thylakoids, the incorporation of carbon dioxide.

3.

The end products of photosynthesis are ____ and ____. 1.hydrogen, oxygen 2.electrons, NADPH 3.glucose, oxygen

3.

Aerobic cellular respiration generates about ___ ATP from one glucose. 2 6 38

38

Meiosis and cytokinesis result in the formation of ___. 4 diploid cells 2 diploid cells 4 haploid cells 2 haploid cells

4 haploid cells

With the exception of gametes, a human cell contains ___ chromosomes. 47 46 23

46 chromosomes

Cellular respiration produces ___ glucose carbon dioxide ATP

ATP

The molecule most directly involved in energy transfer within cells i ___. CO2 NH3 ATP

ATP

The cell cycle is a series of events that occur in which order? G1, S, G2, mitosis, cytokinesis G1, S,G2, cytokinesis, mitosis G1,G2, S, cytokinesis, mitosis

G1, S, G2, mitosis, cytokinesis

During photosynthesis in chloroplasts, O2 is produced from ___ through a series of reactions associated with ____ CO2, the water-splitting photosystem H20, the water-splitting photosystem CO2, both the NADPH-producing photosystem and the Calvin Cycle

H20, the water-splitting photosystem

What must pyretic acid be converted to before it can enter the citric acid cycle? ethyl alcohol lactic acid acetyl coA

acetyl coA

The concentration of calcium in a cell is 0.3%. The concentration of calcium in the surrounding fluid is 0.1%. How could the cell obtain more calcium? osmosis conservation of energy active transport

active transport for the cell to get calcium, it must move against its concentration gradient. This process requires energy.

Chemical reactions that require oxygen are called ___ while those that do not require oxygen are considered ___. consumers, producers anaerobic, aerobic aerobic, anaerobic

aerobic, anaerobic

What is NOT a carcinogen? cigarette smoke testosterone fat UV light all of the above

all of the above

Which of the following statements about enzymes is true? enzymes slow down the rate of chemical reactions an enzyme is very specific in terms of which substrates it can bind an enzyme is consumed by the catalytic process

an enzyme is very specific in terms of which substrates it can bind.

Crossing over is ___. making an RNA copy of a DNA strand an independent assortment of chromosomes the exchange of corresponding portions of homologous chromosomes.

an exchange of corresponding portions of homologous chromosomes.

Replication of chromosomal DNA occurs ___. before a cell divides to repair gene damage caused by mutation whenever a cell makes protein

before a cell divides

If a plant appears blue to us,w hat wavelength of light is being reflected? orange blue red

blue

The most important role of pigments in photosynthesis is to ____. capture light energy release energy from glucose molecules store energy in glucose molecules

capture light energy

In photosynthesis, plants us carbon from ____ to make sugar and other organic molecules. chlorophyll carbon dioxide water

carbon dioxide

The chemical ingredients needed for photosynthesis are ___ and ___. carbon dioxide and oxygen oxygen gas and water carbon dioxide and sunlight

carbon dioxide and sunlight

An enzyme is a protein that ___. provides activation energy for the reactions it facilitates changes the rate of a metabolic reaction without being consumed by the reaction has only primary structure

changes the rate of a metabolic reactions without being consumed by the reaction

Most of an organisms's DNA is carried by its ____. mitochondrai ribosomes chromosomes

chromosomes

Which events occur during prophase? (all that apply) chromosomes are replicated chromosomes condense and are attached to spindle fibers sister chromatids break apart and begin to separate the nuclear envelope breaks down

chromosomes condense and are attached to spindle fibers the nuclear envelope breaks down

Where in a cell does glycolysis occur? mitochondria cytosol golgi apparatus

cytosol

The reactions of the Calvin cycle are not directly dependent on light, but they usually do not occur at night. why? too cold plants open their stomata at night depends on products of light reactions

depends on products of light reactions.

The movement of atoms, ions, or molecules from a region of higher concentration to regions or lower concentration is called ___. diffusion heat active transport

diffusion

Meiosis starts with ___ cells and produces ___ gametes. diploid, haploid diploid, diploid haploid, haploid haploid, diploid

diploid, haploid

A nursing infant is able to obtain disease-fighting antibodies, which are large protein molecules from it's mothers milk. These molecules probably enter the cells lining the baby's digestive tract via ___. exocytosis osmosis endocytosis

endocytosis the procedure that cells use to import large molecules across their membranes.

What waste product do yeast produce under anaerobic conditions? lactic acid glucosamine ethyl alcohol

ethyl alcohol

___ is a carcinogen that promotes colon cancer. fat UV light virus testosterone estrogen

fat

Cytokinesis ___. lines up the paired chromatids along the center of the cell in preparation for anaphase produces two new nuclear envelopes finishes mitosis by dividing the cytoplasm and organelles of the original parent cell into two separate daughter cells.

finishes mitosis by dividing the cytoplasm and organelles of the original parent cell into two separate daughter cells.

What is the site of cellular respiration? chloroplast mitochondrion lysosome

mitochondrion

Which of the following is an example of osmosis? distant sound of church bells ringing movement of a drink of water eventually into the cells lining the small intestine smell of freshly baked pie spreading throughout a house

movement of a drink of water eventually into the cells lining the small intestine.

Accidents can occur in meiosis wherein members of a chromosome pair fail to separate at anaphase. This is called ___. genetic variation nondisjunction genetic recombination

nondisjunction

What name is given to a gene that causes cancer? cancogene homeotic gene oncogene

oncogene

CAM plants conserve water by running the calvin cycle at night growing very deep roots opening their stomata only at night

opening their stomata only at night

The diffusion of water across a permeable membrane is called ____. facilitated diffusion osmosis exocytosis

osmosis

Aerobic metabolism always require ___. oxygen glucose carbon dioxide

oxygen

Inheritance of certain genes increases the risk of getting certain cancers; thus, it can be said that ___. predisposition to these cancers is inherited mutations that occur in somatic cells can be passed from parent to offspring these cancers are inherited as a dominant trait

predisposition to these cancers is inherited

Which of the following is the correct order for the four main stages of mitosis? metaphase, telophase, prophase, anaphase prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase prophase, anaphase, metaphase, telophase

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

All your cells contain pro to-oncogenes, which can change into cancer-causing genes. Why do cells possess such potential time bombs? cells produce pro to-oncogenes as a by-product of mitosis proto-oncogenes are necessary for normal control of cell division proto-oncogenes are necessary for normal control of cell division

protooncogenes are necessary for normal control of cell division.

What is one reason why plants have accessory pigment molecules like chlorophyll b and carotenoids? to give them different colors to absorb energy in parts of the electromagnetic spectrum that chlorophyll a cannot to reflect more energy

to absorb energy in parts of the electromagnetic spectrum that chlorophyll a cannot

The mechanism of enzyme action is ___. to change the direction of a reaction to lower the energy of activation of a reaction to allow substrates to move more freely in solution

to lower the energy of activation of a reaction

Which of the following is a good reason for using fast-growing trees as fuel? like fossil fuels, wood is nonrenewable wood has more sulfur than fossil fuels vigorously growing plants remove a lot of carbon dioxide from the air.

vigorously growing plants remove a lot of carbon dioxide from the air.