Bio II Lab Final

_____ is an invertebrate phylum.

- Annelida - Cnidaria - Nematoda

All chordates possess a _____ at some stage of their development.

- notochord - pharyngeal slits or pouches - postanal tail

_____ in sponges transport food particles and produce eggs and sperm.

Amoeboid cells

Natural selection favors _____ traits.

advantageous

Sponges are complex, mobile animals.

false

Cnidocytes are present in _____.

hydra

All members of phylum _____ only reproduce sexually.

nematoda

Monotremes produce both eggs and milk.

true

_____ is a transportation method that lowers the carbon footprint created by personal vehicles.

- Biking - Carpooling - Public transit

Choanocytes, located in the interior body wall of the sponge, function to _____.

- absorb and digest food particles - expel waste - promote water flow

Both arthropods and mollusks are _____.

- bilaterally symmetric - coelomates - protostomes

The human body maintains _____ through homeostatic mechanisms.

- blood glucose levels - internal termperature - pH

Arthropods are characterized by _____.

- chitinous exoskeletons - pairs of jointed appendages - segmented bodies

Water requires energy to _____.

- collect - purify - transport

A(n) _____ is a key characteristic of animals in the subphylum Vertebrata.

- embryonic neural crest - endoskeleton of cartilage or bone - vertebral column

Members of Gnathostomata possess _____.

- endoskeletons - hinged jaws - paired appendages

Common characteristics of all three categories of mammals include _____.

- endothermy - hair - mammary glands

Kingdom Animalia is characterized by _____.

- eukaryotic cells - heterotrophy - reproduction

Nematodes are found in _____.

- extreme environments - the bodies of mammals - the soil

A dichotomous key may be used to determine the _____ of an organism.

- family - genus - species

The young of _____ consume milk.

- marsupials - monotremes - placental mammals

The _____ is located on the head of the perch.

- maxilla - nare - operculum

Darwin recognized that _____.

- more offspring are produced than can survive - natural populations exhibit variation in traits - variation is heritable

Examples of carbon offsets include _____.

- tree-planting - solar energy production - wind energy production

Mammalian hair functions to provide _____.

-camouflage -defense -insulation

If the frequency of AA is 0.30, then q2 equals _____.

0.2

A diploid organism has _____ alleles for a trait.

2

Each time an organism is consumed by another organism, approximately _____ of the energy is lost.

90%

It requires _____ less energy to create new aluminum from recycled materials than from fresh mineral ore.

95%

Paramecium belongs to the phylum _____.

Ciliophora

_____ animals have a body cavity that develops within the mesoderm.

Coelomate

_____ have a blastopore that develops into the anus of the adult.

Deuterostomes

According to the phylogenetic tree of animals, phylum Chordata is most closely related to phylum _____.

Echinodermata

All living things are classified as either _____.

Eukarya, Bacteria, or Archaea

Charles Darwin's book _____ describes how better adapted individuals survive and pass along advantageous traits to their offspring.

On the Origin of Species

Phylum _____ consists of planktonic animals with cilia-lined mouths and a wheel-like appearance.

Rotifera

_____ is the study of diversification and familial relationships over time.

Systematics

Echinoderms have an endoskeleton made of _____.

calcium carbonate

All deuterostomes possess a(n) _____.

coelem

A(n) _____ processes information about stimuli and compares data to the ideal condition at which the body exists.

control center

Sweating reduces the body's temperature through evaporative cooling. In the homeostatic pathway, sweat glands are the _____.

effector

Arthropods have a hard, external covering called a chitinous _____.

exoskeleton

A population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium when evolution occurs.

false

As a person increases intensity of exercise, their internal body temperature rises markedly.

false

Carbon footprint describes the amount of carbon dioxide or other greenhouse gases that are emitted into the atmosphere as the result of natural processes.

false

Food miles are defined by only the energy required for the food to travel to the consumer.

false

Giving birth to live young is a characteristic shared between marsupials and monotremes.

false

Homeostasis occurs when internal conditions shift to mirror external conditions.

false

Homeostatic pathways are only affected by external stimuli.

false

Shared characteristics between two objects should be included when creating a couplet for a dichotomous key.

false

Taxonomy relies on the development, evolution, and genes of living things rather than the overall similarities of their form.

false

The gall bladder stores blood, recycles old blood cells, and creates white blood cells.

false

The gestation period of marsupials is longer than the gestation period of most placental mammals.

false

The life history of all cnidarians includes a free-swimming medusa stage.

false

The phenotype and the genotype of an organism are not related.

false

When recording water usage related to a carbon footprint, only water used for laundry and dish washing should be noted.

false

Within a phylogenetic tree, organisms that are more closely related have branches that are farther apart.

false

Each scientific name contains the _____ to which the organism belongs.

genus and species

The _____ is a structure located in the mouth of the frog.

glottis

Mammals are distinguished from other vertebrates by _____.

hair and mammary glands

The _____ is a spongy organ that transfers oxygen to blood and removes carbon dioxide.

lung

The _____ is a structure present in the sea star, but absent in the frog and perch.

madrephorite

The _____ of a sea star regulates water movement into and out of the water vascular system.

madreporite

_____ are nourished as embryos from both a yolk and a placenta.

marsupials

The Hardy-Weinberg equation should only be used if _____.

mating is random

In general, _____ production results in the highest CO2 emissions when compared to other foods.

meat and poultry

The embryos of _____ develop inside eggs.

monotremers

The opening located in the center of the ventral side of a sea star is the _____.

mouth

The mesoderm can give rise to the _____ of a triploblastic animal.

muscles

It is unlikely that a real population would exhibit allele frequencies in a 1:1 ratio after several generations because _____.

natural populations exhibit variation from generation to generation

_____ is a process in which individuals of a population that are best suited for survival pass on advantageous traits to offspring.

natural selection

Phylum _____ includes species that cause trichinosis, elephantiasis, and crop damage.

nematoda

The excretory system of the earthworm consists of paired _____ throughout the body.

nephridia

A _____ is a rod of cartilage that provides support for the body of animals of phylum Chordata.

notochord

_____ are flaps of tissue that push food and mucous into the mouth of a clam.

palps

The _____ is an outward expression of genetic composition.

phenotype

Flame cells, auricles, and a ventral pharynx are characteristics of the _____.

planaria

An amplified response that moves internal conditions even farther away from a normal setpoint is _____ feedback.

positive

Phyla Cnidaria and Ctenophora are characterized by _____.

radial symmetry

A _____ collects information about stimuli.

receptor

The lateral line functions as a _____ organ in the perch.

sensory

Earthworms use _____ for movement.

setae

Examples of green energy sources include _____ energy.

solar

_____ is the most specific taxonomic classification.

species

____ are small holes along the thorax and abdomen of a grasshopper that aid in gas exchange.

spiracles

The larynx is located in the _____ of the fetal pig.

throat

Bilaterally symmetric animals are _____.

troploblastic

A control center processes information about stimuli.

true

A good hypothesis about the alleles in a population undergoing genetic drift would be: "The allelic frequencies will change from generation to generation due to events such as deaths and births."

true

A person places their left hand in water at 45oC and their right hand in water at 10oC, then they move both hands into water at 20oC. The result is that one hand feels warm and one hand feels cool.

true

A pregnant woman going into labor is an example of positive feedback.

true

Animals of phylum Echinodermata are invertebrates with an internal water vascular system.

true

Because they are homeostatic, mammals are able to inhabit both hot and cold environments.

true

Carbon offsets are programs that provide or fund activities to reduce or absorb carbon emissions.

true

Clams possess a mantle that secretes the valves and serves as a site for respiration.

true

Evolution occurs when the proportion of alleles in a population changes over time.

true

Gray water is water that has been used and has gone through minimal processing before being used for irrigation.

true

Homeostatic organisms are capable of maintaining constant internal body temperature.

true

If snow was no longer present in an ecosystem, and white fur became disadvantageous, the white fur allele might reduce in the population due to selection pressure.

true

In planarians, the pharynx functions to take up food and also secrete waste.

true

Most animals are invertebrates, organisms that lack a backbone and spinal column.

true

Organisms that belong to the same genus are more similar than organisms belonging to the same class.

true

Organisms that breed to produce fertile offspring belong to the same species.

true

Products manufactured from virgin materials require considerable more water than those made from recycled materials.

true

Reusable shopping bags and water bottles are examples of ways to reduce watse production.

true

Rotifers have separate male and female sexes; however, most rotifers are female.

true

The blastopore of a protostome embryo develops into the mouth of the adult.

true

The couplets of a dichotomous key are mutually exclusive choices.

true

Transportation activities, food consumption, energy use, waste production, and water use are all used to compute an individual's carbon footprint.

true

The _____ of the frog detects sound waves.

tympanum

The _____ is a collection of organs involved in digestion, excretion, and reproduction in mollusks.

visceral mass

The main source of energy production has shifted from _____ (in 1850), to _____ (in 2000).

wood;oil