Bio Pre-Lab Final Questions
What is the enzyme we will be using in lab today?
ALP
Your heart rate, or pulse, is the number of times your heart ______
Beats per minute
The linear relationship between the concentration of a colored solution and its light absorbance is known as the ______.
Beer-Lambert Law
What are autosomes?
Chromosomes 1-22
Match the step of PCR with what is occurring in the test tube. Annealing Denaturation Extension
DNA primers hybridize to the DNA strand Double stranded DNA melts to single stranded DNA DNA strand elongates with DNA polymerase
Only glucose can be broken down to generate ATP
False
When leaf pigments absorb light, electrons are boosted to a higher energy level, providing energy to:
Reduce NADP+, Produce ATP
Gel electrophoresis separates DNA on the basis of what?
Size of DNA
Which of the following molecules can diffuse through a cell membrane? Mark all that apply.
Small molecules
What is added to a gel that allows us to visualize DNA?
SyberSafe dye
What type of buffer is used to run gel electrophoresis?
TAE
What is the P generation?
The first set of parents crossed
Aerobic respiration yields more ATP than anaerobic respiration.
True
Many species are unable to utilize oxygen as a final electron acceptor during cellular respiration due to:
lack of ETC proteins, lack of oxygen in the environment, lack of enzymes needed to inactivate free radicals
What will happen when a red blood cell is placed in a hypertonic solution?
the cell becomes shriveled
What happens if either the enzyme or substrate is limited?
the enzyme's reaction rate will remain constant
When an enzyme's reaction rate doubles for every 10 degree Celsius increase in temperature it's called the Q10 effect.
true
What does homozygous mean?
when the same pair of alleles composes a trait
From start to finish, place in order the laboratory steps that must be accomplished in order to identify DNA from samples/organisms. 1st step 2nd step 3rd step 4th step
1.DNA isolation 2.PCR Amplification 3.Gel Electrophoresis 4.Analysis of gel
What voltage is gel electrophoresis run at?
100V
In order to separate PCR product bands produced by plant and GMO primers, a ____ agarose gel is required.
3%
Enzyme activity typically occurs within a very broad pH range.
False
If the results of a patient's two "random" glucose readings are 196 mg/dL and 200mg/dL, this person meets the criteria of diabetes mellitus.
False
Photosynthesis is a catabolic process
False
The act of placing genes for selected traits directly into crop plants is a form of genetic modification known as______________
Genetic transformation
Genetic composition of an organism?
Genotype
At which stages of aerobic cellular respiration are ATP produced?
Glycolysis, Kreb's Cycle, Chemiosmosis
Who is known as the 'founder' of genetics?
Gregor Mendel
The variable that is manipulated or varied by the researcher in an experiment is the:
Independent Variable
There is a(n) __________ relationship between the color of a solution and the wavelength of light it best absorbs.
Inverse
What micropipette(s) could be used to measure out 175μL of liquid?
P200,P1000
Match the photosystem to the specialized pigment molecules. PSI PSII
P700 P680
A scanning electron microscope (SEM) does what of the following?
Produce 3-D images of the surfaces of objects.
Blue-colored objects absorb which wavelength of light the most?
Red
Fermentation generates energy (i.e., ATP).
True
In the United States, genetically modified foods do not have to be labeled as such.
True
Independent variables are usually plotted on the X-axis of a graph, whereas dependent variables are usually plotted on the Y-axis
True
Moving molecules against their concentration gradient requires energy.
True
Potential allergic reactions to novel proteins and Antibiotic resistance from selectable markers are major arguments against/concerns associated with the GMO industry
True
Name the two types of peas that we will be working with in the cellular respiration lab.
dormant peas & germinating peas
Which has a smaller wavelength: electrons or visible light?
electrons
Match the phase (or step) of photosynthesis to the process. 1st phase - 2nd phase
light reactions dark reactions
Can dominant alleles be masked by recessive alleles?
no
ALP catalyzes the hydrolysis of _______________ attached to proteins or lipids.
phosphate groups
Large complexes of proteins and pigments (light-absorbing molecules) that are optimized to harvest light are called:
photosystems
We have to be able to change our minds about long-held and/or well-supported ideas and theories once new data becomes available that challenge or falsify what we think we know about how things work in the universe.
principle of flexibility
We should avoid letting our prior knowledge, prejudices, and biases influence how we collect and analyze data
principle of objectivity
Simplest explanation for how things work is usually the best
principle of parsimony
During the dark reactions, atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) is brought into the leaf through tiny pores called: ___________
stomata
What determines resolution? Check all that apply.
-Lens Quality -Lens Diameter -Visual Acuity -Magnification
Match the general steps (in order) of the scientific method.
-Making observations/asking questions -Developing hypotheses -Design an experiment and test hypothesis -Analyze results -Repeat
What factors determine how fast water moves across a membrane? Select all that apply.
-Solute concentration difference -hydrostatic pressure
100μL is equivalent to:
0.1mL
Ocular lenses found in most compound light microscopes a magnification of..?
10x
What is the optimal temperature for most enzymes?
20-40 degrees Celsius
How long is gel electrophoresis typically run for?
30 minutes
How much ATP is generated by the complete oxidization of pyruvate into CO2 and H2O via aerobic respiration?
36-38
You are using a compound microscope and you have the objective lens set to 40x. What is the total magnification you are using to view the specimen?
400x
What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis?
6CO2 + 6H2O + light ---> C6H12O6 + 6O2
The process by which organisms chemically oxidize organic compounds as a means of generating ATP is?
Cellular Respiration
What is used to compare observed ratios for a given cross compare with predicted ratios?
Chi-square analysis
What color-producing chemical will be used in today's lab to determine the concentration of glucose solutions through absorbance readings?
Chromogen
If you were given a sample of bacteria to analyze, which microscope would be best for quickly identifying the specimen?
Compound
__________ is more resistant than ___________ to processing and can be extracted from highly processed foods, making it a better option for identifying GM in food.
DNA, Proteins
What will happen in the experiment when light hits the chloroplasts?
DPIP will be reduced, DPIP will change from blue to colorless, there will be an increase in light transmittance
What is the correct order for the steps of PCR amplification ?
Denaturation, Annealing, Extension
What number do chromosomes of somatic cells contain?
Diploid number (2n)
What is the test that can be used to detect proteins that are produced in GM crops?
ELISA
The first offspring produced from a monohybrid cross is called the...
F1 generation
A denatured enzyme can catalyze a chemical reaction.
False
A molecular weight ruler, aka ladder, is used as a reference to determine the charge (i.e. negative vs. positive) of your products.
False
Plant cells are like red blood cells and can potentially burst when placed in solutions of varying tonicity.
False
Simple diffusion requires energy input.
False
To view a specimen under an electron microscope, it has to be living.
False
What will happen when a red blood cell is placed in distilled water?
Lysis will occur
In an experiment designed to determine the rate of reaction based on the content of each beaker, the hypothesis that states there will be no difference in the outcome of the experiment is:
Null hypothesis
What is the name of the machine we will use in today's lab to measure the amount of light that is absorbed by a solution?
Spectrophotometer
You must heat up the agarose to dissolve it.
True
The cause behind the results of an experiment will stay the same if we repeat the experiment tomorrow follows the principles of:
Uniformity
What color will the product of today's experiment (pNP) turn?
Yellow
Your resting heart rate is___________
Your heart rate after exercise When your heart is pumping the least amount of blood
CO2 is converted into a stable organic compound through a process known as
carbon fixation
In prokaryotic cells, catabolism of pyruvate takes place in the __________________. Whereas, in eukaryotic cells, it occurs in the _________________________.
cytoplasm, mitochrondria
Dissecting microscopes allow higher magnification than compound microscopes.
false
During the process of gel electrophoresis, combs are used to
form the wells that samples will be placed in
What is the end product of photosynthesis (for the plant)?
glucose
process --> substrate glycolysis kreb's cycle ETC
glucose pyruvic acid/pyruvate electrons
DNA Polymerase is derived from a bacterium that lives in
high-temperature steam vents
The movement of water molecules from a region of high free water concentration to a region of low free water concentration is known as ____________________.
osmosis
Tonicity is the measure of what?
osmotic pressure
What is the in vitro substrate for alkaline phosphatase (ALP) that we will be using in lab?
pNPP
DNA from Bacillus thuringiensis is incorporated into the genomes of crops to make them
pest resistant
What is the appearance of a particular trait called?
phenotype
What macromolecule is an enzyme classified as?
protein
The difference between dialysis tubing and real cell membranes is that
real membranes are more selective
Being able to reproduce the results of an experiment on a separate day follows the principles of:
similarity of causation
Primers serve as _________ for amplifying the target region of the DNA to be copied.
start and stop points
