Bio Quiz Ch.16-17

Independent assortment of chromosomes occurs during ________. A. Meiosis I only B. Mitosis and meiosis II C. Mitosis and meiosis I D. Mitosis only E. Meiosis II only

A. Meiosis I only

Each homologous chromosome in a pair is_______________. A. inherited from one parent B. produced spontaneously during DNA synthesis C. inherited from cousins D. recombined with a non-homologous chromosome during meiosis. E. inherited from a sibling

A. inherited from one parent

E. coli bacteria are haploid. They contain a single chromosome and divide asexually. Based on this information, which of Mendel's realizations/laws is the only one applicable to E. coli bacteria? A. traits are passed on as heritable factors B. the F1 generation is a hybrid generation C. law of dominance D. law of segregation E. organisms contain two copies of the heritable factors

A. traits are passed on as heritable factors

If an F2 generation from a self-crossed F1 generation always yields offspring in a 3:1 phenotypic ratio, what were the genotypes of the parents in the first parental cross? A. AA × AA B. AA × aa C. aa × aa D. Aa × AA E. aa × Aa

B. AA × aa

What is a dominant allele? A. An allele that will only have an effect on the phenotype of a haploid organism B. An allele that determines the phenotype of a heterozygous individual C. An allele that has no noticeable effect on an organism's phenotype D. An allele that is most prevalent in a population E. An allele that is masked by a recessive allele

B. An allele that determines the phenotype of a heterozygous individual

Which of the following statements comparing asexual reproduction to sexual reproduction is FALSE? A. Asexual reproduction involves only mitosis, whereas sexual reproduction involves meiosis. B. Asexual reproduction increases genetic diversity, whereas sexual reproduction decreases genetic diversity generation after generation. C. Individuals reproducing asexually transmit 100% of their genes to their progeny, whereas individuals reproducing sexually transmit only 50%. D. Asexual reproduction involves a single parent, whereas sexual reproduction involves two. E. Asexual reproduction produces offspring that are genetically identical to the parents, whereas sexual reproduction gives rise to genetically distinct offspring.

B. Asexual reproduction increases genetic diversity, whereas sexual reproduction decreases genetic diversity generation after generation.

When does the synapsis occur? A. Prophase of meiosis I and meiosis II B. Prophase of meiosis I C. Anaphase of meiosis I D. Late metaphase of meiosis I E. Prophase of meiosis II

B. Prophase of meiosis I

Which of the steps take place in both mitosis and meiosis? A. Separation of the homologues; no uncoupling of the centromere B. Separation of sister chromatids C. Alignment of tetrads at the metaphase plate D. Synapsis; chromosomes moving to the middle of the cell in pairs E. Formation of four new nuclei, each with half the chromosomes present in the parental nucleus

B. Separation of sister chromatids

How do the daughter cells at the end of mitosis and cytokinesis compare with their parent cell when it was in G1 of the cell cycle? A. The daughter cells have the same number of chromosomes and half the amount of DNA. B. The daughter cells have the same number of chromosomes and the same amount of DNA. C. The daughter cells have the same number of chromosomes and twice the amount of DNA. D. The daughter cells have half the amount of cytoplasm and half the amount of DNA. E. The daughter cells have half the number of chromosomes and half the amount of DNA.

B. The daughter cells have the same number of chromosomes and the same amount of DNA.

After telophase I of meiosis, the chromosomal makeup of each daughter cell is A. diploid, and the chromosomes are each composed of a single chromatid. B. haploid, and the chromosomes are each composed of two chromatids. C. tetraploid, and the chromosomes are each composed of two chromatids. D. diploid, and the chromosomes are each composed of two chromatids. E. haploid, and the chromosomes are each composed of a single chromatid.

B. haploid, and the chromosomes are each composed of two chromatids.

The genotype of an individual__________. A. is the paired homologous chromosomes during crossing over. B. is the combination of alleles at a specific gene. C. is the individual proteins expressed by that individual D. is the trait expressed by the majority of organisms in nature E. is the attribute of having red hair.

B. is the combination of alleles at a specific gene.

A liver cell is damaged and dies. To fill in the available space, its neighboring cell divides by which process? A. cytokinesis alone B. mitosis C. meiosis D. binary fission E. replication

B. mitosis

You crossed two plants with round seeds. All seeds of the offspring were round. You then crossed a plant with round seeds to a plant with wrinkled seeds and all offspring had wrinkled seeds. Which of the following is true? A. the plants you used were not true breeding B. wrinkled is dominant C. the plant with wrinkled seeds was a heterozygote D. round is dominant E. a mutation occurred

B. wrinkled is dominant

During which phase of mitosis do centrioles start to move apart from one another to get to opposite poles? A. anaphase B. prometaphase C. prophase D. metaphase E. telophase

C. prophase

The red color allele "R" in roses is dominant and "r" is recessive. Roses that are homozygous for "r" are white. How many of 12 seeds from a cross between two heterozygous roses do you expect to produce white roses? A. 4 B. 12 C. 9 D. 3 E. 6

D. 3

Which of the following is true of a species that has a chromosome number of 2n = 16? A. During the G2 phase of the cell cycle there will be 16 chromatids present. B. The species is diploid with 32 chromosomes per cell. C. The species has 16 sets of chromosomes per cell. D. Each cell has 8 homologous pairs. E. A gamete from this species has 4 chromosomes.

D. Each cell has 8 homologous pairs.

How do cells at the completion of meiosis compare with cells that have replicated their DNA and are just about to begin meiosis? A. They have half the number of chromosomes and half the amount of DNA. B. They have the same number of chromosomes and half the amount of DNA. C. They have twice the amount of cytoplasm and half the amount of DNA. D. They have half the number of chromosomes and one-fourth the amount of DNA. E. They have half the amount of cytoplasm and twice the amount of DNA.

D. They have half the number of chromosomes and one-fourth the amount of DNA.

If mammalian cells receive a go-ahead signal at the G1 checkpoint, they will A. move directly into telophase. B. complete cytokinesis and form new cell walls. C. show a drop in DNA concentration. D. complete the cycle and divide. E. exit the cycle and switch to a nondividing state.

D. complete the cycle and divide.

If cells in the process of dividing are subjected to a drug that prevents them from clearing the mitotic checkpoint, at which stage will mitosis be arrested? A. interphase B. telophase C. prophase D. metaphase E. anaphase

D. metaphase

If a cell has 92 chromatids during metaphase of mitosis, during telophase this cell would produce two nuclei each containing how many chromosomes? A. 16 B. 12 C. 23 D. 92 E. 46

E. 46

Measurements of the amount of DNA per nucleus were taken on a large number of cells from a rapidly growing fungus. The measured DNA levels ranged anywhere from 3 to 6 picograms per nucleus. In which stage of the cell cycle was the nucleus with 6 picograms of DNA? A. Anywhere in M-phase B. Anywhere in interphase C. S D. G1 E. G2

E. G2

Which of the following statements are TRUE about meiosis I? A. The sperm cells elongate to form a head and a tail end. B. Sister chromatids are separated. C. The chromosome number per cell is conserved. D. Four daughter cells are formed. E. Homologous chromosomes are separated.

E. Homologous chromosomes are separated.

You have in your possession a microscope slide with meiotic cells on it and a light microscope. What would you look for if you wanted to identify metaphase I cells on the slide? A. Separated sister chromatids at each pole of the cell B. Homologous chromosomes moving to opposite spindle poles C. A visible nuclear envelope D. A cleavage furrow E. Tetrads lined up at the center of the cell

E. Tetrads lined up at the center of the cell

Which of Mendel's realizations/laws implies that the pollen of the garden pea must be haploid? A. traits are passed on as heritable factors B. law of independent assortment C. law of dominance D. organisms contain two copies of the heritable factors E. law of segregation

E. law of segregation