Bio Test 1 pt 2
Which of the following gives rise to both lysosomes and vesicles? A. rough endoplasmic reticula B. mitochondria C. Golgi apparatus D. ribosomes
C. Golgi apparatus
Which of the following gives rise to both lysosomes and vesicles? A. rough endoplasmic reticulum B. mitochondria C. Golgi apparatus D. ribosomes
C. Golgi apparatus
Which of the following is NOT offered as evidence in support of the endosymbiotic theory, the belief that a eukaryotic cell has evolved as a "committee" of prokaryotic cells? A. Mitochondria and chloroplasts are similar in size and structure to some species of bacteria. B. The ribosomes of chloroplasts and mitochondria are similar to bacteria. C. Mitochondria and chloroplasts can actively break away from eukaryotic cells and live on their own. D. Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA coding separate from the eukaryotic nucleus. E. All of the choices offer support of the endosymbiotic theory.
C. Mitochondria and chloroplasts can actively break away from eukaryotic cells and live on their own.
Why is a large surface area: volume ratio needed for cells to function properly? A. Adequate surface area (plasma membrane) is needed to furnish nutrients to and expel wastes from the volume (cytoplasm). B. Smaller volumes reduce and larger surface areas reduce the cell's ability to bring nutrients in and get rid of waste. C. A smaller surface area allows the cell to increase its metabolic activity by bringing in even more nutrients than larger surface areas. D. The surface area and volume increase at the rate to ensure cell growth and reproduction.
A. Adequate surface area (plasma membrane) is needed to furnish nutrients to and expel wastes from the volume (cytoplasm).
Which statement is NOT true about bacteria? A. Bacteria contain membrane bound organelles. B. Some are photosynthetic. C. Some are motile due to flagella. D. All bacteria are prokaryotes. E. Bacteria have a cell wall that contains peptidoglycan.
A. Bacteria contain membrane bound organelles
If a researcher was interested in slowing down the movement of amoebas by disrupting their cell membranes, which protein filaments should she be studying? A. actin B. intermediates C. microtubules D. myosin
A. actin
What type of transport mechanism is required to move sodium ions against their concentration gradient? A. active B. passive C. diffusion D. osmosis
A. active
Sugars and amino acids are carried into the cell by means of A. facilitated transport. B. diffusion. C. endocytosis. D. exocytosis.
A. facilitated transport.
A 10% glucose solution is placed in the thistle tube. The thistle tube is placed in a beaker that contains a 5% glucose solution. The solution in the thistle tube is _______ to the solution in the beaker. A. hypertonic B. hypotonic C. isotonic D. none of the answer choices
A. hypertonic
According to the endosymbiosis theory _______ were engulfed by larger eukaryotic cells. A. mitochondria B. Golgi apparatus C. lysosomes D. ribosomes
A. mitochondria
Which of these is NOT part of the endomembrane system of the cell? A. mitochondria B. endoplasmic reticulum C. lysosomes D. Golgi complex
A. mitochondria
Which of the following features is unique to bacterial cells? A. nucleoid region B. nucleus C. cell membrane D. cell wall E. ribosome
A. nucleoid region
Which cellular organelle is the most prominent? A. nucleus B. nucleolus C. lysosome D. mitochondria
A. nucleus
Which type of cellular process will most likely be used by an amoeba in order to obtain food? A. phagocytosis B. pinocytosis C. exocytosis D. receptor-mediated endocytosis
A. phagocytosis
Which cell junction will allow the movement of molecules between two plant cells? A. plasmodesmata B. gap C. tight D. adhesion
A. plasmodesmata
Active transport A. requires an input of ATP. B. is involved in diffusion. C. occurs in osmosis and facilitated transport. D. All of the choices are correct.
A. requires an input of ATP.
Without a cytoskeleton, eukaryotic cells would NOT A. synthesize protein. B. have an efficient way to transport materials from one organelle to another. C. have an efficient means of metabolism. D. communicate with adjacent cells.
B. have an efficient way to transport materials from one organelle to another.
Which statement is NOT true about bacterial anatomy? A. The cell wall is located outside of the plasma membrane. B. The glycocalyx sheath is located inside the cell wall. C. There may be small rings of accessory DNA called plasmids. D. Bacteria may have fimbriae that help attach the bacteria to other structures.
B. The glycocalyx sheath is located inside the cell wall.
Which is the best definition of osmosis? A. The movement of molecules from an area of their higher concentration to an area of their lower concentration. B. The movement of water across a semi permeable membrane from an area of higher water concentration to an area of lower water concentration. C. The movement of molecules from an area of their lower concentration to an area of their higher concentration. D. The movement of water across a semi permeable membrane from an area of lower water concentration to an area of higher water concentration. E. The movement of a substance against its concentration gradient through the release of energy from ATP.
B. The movement of water across a semi permeable membrane from an area of higher water concentration to an area of lower water concentration.
If a cell is placed in a hypotonic solution, which will occur? A. Salts will move into the cell from the surrounding solution. B. Water will move into the cell from the surrounding solution. C. Salts will move out of the cell into the surrounding solution. D. Water will move out of the cell into the surrounding solution. E. None of the choices will occur.
B. Water will move into the cell from the surrounding solution.
The channel protein that accounts for why water can cross a membrane more quickly than expected is A. ATP synthetase. B. aquaporin. C. the sodium-potassium pump. D. integrin.
B. aquaporin.
Plants show turgor pressure when A. cells are losing water from their water vacuoles. B. cells contain water vacuoles that are full of water. C. water is being used up in photosynthesis. D. water is being evaporated from the leaves.
B. cells contain water vacuoles that are full of water
Which process is responsible for moving cellular wastes across the cell membrane and out of the cell? A. endocytosis B. exocytosis C. pinocytosis D. receptor-mediated endocytosis
B. exocytosis
A 10% glucose solution is placed in the thistle tube. The thistle tube is placed in a beaker that contains a 5% glucose solution. Where is the highest concentration of water found? A. in the 10% solution B. in the 5% solution C. the concentration of water is the same in both solutions. D. None of the answer choices The highest concentration of water is in the 5% solution.
B. in the 5% solution
During cellular movement which of the following filaments will be the ones that are responsible for attaching and pulling the other filaments along? A. actin B. myosin C. trypsin D. intermediate filaments
B. myosin
Which of the following features is NOT found in a bacterial cell? A. cell wall B. nucleus C. cell membrane D. nucleoid region E. ribosome
B. nucleus
What structures enable the vesicles from the Golgi apparatus to fuse with the cell membrane? A. membrane-associated proteins B. phospholipids C. cholesterol molecules within the cell membrane D. secretory vesicles that engulf the Golgi apparatus will allow the vesicles to fuse
B. phospholipids
Chloroplasts are to ____________ as ___________ are to aerobic respiration. A. stroma, cristae B. photosynthesis, mitochondria C. thylakoid membranes, matrix D. protein synthesis, lysosomes
B. photosynthesis, mitochondria
Which of the following is NOT associated with animal cells? A. an extracellular matrix B. plasmodesmata C. gap junctions D. adhesion junctions (desmosomes) E. tight junctions
B. plasmodesmata
What cellular organelle is responsible for receiving the mRNA and turning it into a protein? A. Golgi body B. ribosome C. nucleus D. lysosome
B. ribosome
Which cytoskeletal element is NOT correctly associated with its characteristic? A. Cilia are small extensions of membrane-surrounded microtubules. B. Microtubules are made up of a globular protein called tubulin. C. Centrioles are found in the microtubule organizing centers of plants. D. Flagella have a 9 + 2 pattern of microtubule structure. E. Basal bodies are located at the base of cilia and flagella.
C. Centrioles are found in the microtubule organizing centers of plants.
After proteins are formed by the ribosomes located on the endoplasmic reticulum, what is the next organelle to which they could be transported? A. mitochondria B. smooth endoplasmic reticulum C. Golgi apparatus D. nucleus
C. Golgi apparatus
Which is NOT a characteristic of mitochondria? A. A mitochondrion has two membranes. B. Mitochondria are the site of cellular respiration. C. Mitochondria have a single membrane for cellular respiration. D. Mitochondria contain DNA and ribosomes. E. The inner space of the mitochondrion contains a fluid matrix.
C. Mitochondria have a single membrane for cellular respiration.
Which is a true statement about ribosomes? A. Ribosomes contain DNA and protein. B. Ribosomes are active in carbohydrate synthesis. C. Ribosomal subunits leave the nucleus after being formed by the nucleolus. D. Polyribosomes are the subunits of ribosomes. E. Ribosomes are only found associated with the endoplasmic reticulum in prokaryotic cells.
C. Ribosomal subunits leave the nucleus after being formed by the nucleolus.
Which of the following is true with respect to plant cell walls? A. They contain n-acetylglutamic acid. B. They all have secondary cell walls to some extent. C. There is a greater amount of cellulose in secondary cell walls than in primary cell walls. D. Lignin is found in primary cell walls of plants.
C. There is a greater amount of cellulose in secondary cell walls than in primary cell walls.
Which is NOT true of eukaryotic cells? A. A true nucleus contains the chromosomes. B. Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bounded compartments. C. They contain ribosomes that are smaller than those of prokaryotic cells. D. They all contain mitochondria. E. They contain many organelles in the cytoplasm.
C. They contain ribosomes that are smaller than those of prokaryotic cells.
Which of the following protein functions is not correctly associated with the correct integral protein? A. carrier proteins-facilitate passage of molecules through the membrane B. enzymatic proteins-catalyze a specific reaction C. channel proteins-block the activity of carrier proteins D. cell recognition proteins-recognize pathogens
C. channel proteins-block the activity of carrier proteins
In the cell pictured, there is no net movement of water. The amount leaving the cell and entering the cell is the same. In what type of environment is this cell found? A. hypertonic B. hypotonic C. isotonic D. none of the above
C. isotonic
Which type of molecule will require some amount of energy to cross the cell membrane? A. glycerol B. polar C. non-polar molecules D. carbon dioxide E. oxygen
C. non-polar molecules (i think)
Red blood cells come in many "blood types" including type A, type B, type AB, type O [lacking proteins A and B], Rh positive, and Rh negative [lacking Rh+] and many others. If blood is transfused, the recipient detects any new or "foreign" proteins. These blood type proteins are A. in the plasma where they have been secreted by the red blood cells. B. inside the red blood cell cytoplasm. C. on the outer surface of the red blood cell membrane. D. evenly distributed throughout the cell contents and plasma. E. in the red blood cell nucleus.
C. on the outer surface of the red blood cell membrane.
Of the following, which is NOT associated with the mitochondria? A. ATP production B. cristae C. stroma D. matrix
C. stroma
Which type of junctions will create a solid barrier to prevent molecules from moving between the cells? A. gap B. desmosomes C. tight D. plasmodesmata
C. tight
A major chemical that regulates the fluidity of animal cell membranes by stiffening the membrane at higher temperatures and preventing the membrane from freezing at lower temperature is A. cholesterol. B. lipid in nature. C. a steroid. D. All of the choices are correct.
D. All of the choices are correct.
Proteins in a membrane are A. peripheral if they are on the inside surface held in place by the cytoskeleton. B. integral if they are embedded in the membrane and protrude from both surfaces of the bilayer. C. integral if they protrude from only one surface of the bilayer. D. All of the choices are correct.
D. All of the choices are correct.
The plant cell's central vacuole A. provides the plant cell with support. B. stores nutrients and cellular waste products. C. is a reservoir for water. D. All of the choices are correct.
D. All of the choices are correct.
Which is NOT true about the cell theory? A. Its various parts were described by Schleiden, Schwann, and Virchow. B. It states that all organisms are composed of cells. C. It states that all cells come from preexisting cells. D. It states that bacteria and other small organisms can arise spontaneously. E. It is accepted today by biologists as applying to virtually all forms of life.
D. It states that bacteria and other small organisms can arise spontaneously.
Which statement is true about the plasma membrane? A. The proteins make up the matrix of the membrane. B. The model can be likened to a sandwich where phospholipids are like the bread and proteins are like the filling. C. The fluid nature of the membrane is regulated by flip-flopping of the phospholipids from one side of the membrane to the other. D. Proteins and phospholipids can move sideways within the plane of the membrane.
D. Proteins and phospholipids can move sideways within the plane of the membrane.
_______ are to ribosomes as lipids are to _________. A. Carbohydrates; rough endoplasmic reticulum B. Nucleoli; lysosomes C. Sugars; peroxisomes D. Proteins; smooth endoplasmic reticulum
D. Proteins; smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Which statement about the nucleus is incorrect? A. The nucleus contains the genetic material of the cell. B. The nucleus contains the information that ribosomes use to carry out protein synthesis. C. The nucleus contains the instructions for copying itself. D. The nucleus contains the information that ribosomes use to carry out cellular respiration.
D. The nucleus contains the information that ribosomes use to carry out cellular respiration.
Which cell junction is unique to animals? A. gap B. tight C. desmosomes D. all are unique to animals
D. all are unique to animals
Having similar ____________ would allow tissues and organs to be transplanted easily. A. cell recognition proteins B. major histocompatibility complex proteins C. carbohydrate chains in the cell membrane D. all of the choices are involved in tissue transplantation
D. all of the choices are involved in tissue transplantation
Which of the following help direct the movement of materials or organelles throughout the cell? A. rough endoplasmic reticulum B. cytoskeleton C. smooth endoplasmic reticulum D. all of the choices are true
D. all of the choices are true
Which of the following products can be found in vacuoles? A. water B. sugars C. water-soluble pigments D. all of these are found in vacuoles
D. all of these are found in vacuoles
What is the smallest unit of living matter? A. atom B. element C. Golgi apparatus D. cell E. nucleus
D. cell
Which of the following organelles is found uniquely in autotrophic, eukaryotic cells and not heterotrophic, eukaryotic cells? A. lysosomes B. ribosomes C. rough endoplasmic reticulum D. chloroplast
D. chloroplast
The cells that line our respiratory tract, and one-celled paramecia both have these short hair-like projections. A. flagella B. microfilaments C. centrioles D. cilia E. pili
D. cilia
The process by which cholesterol is transported into the cell by the binding of LDL to its receptor and the internalization of the receptor-LDL complex is A. facilitated transport. B. active transport. C. cotransport. D. endocytosis. E. exocytosis.
D. endocytosis.
All cells have these two characteristics: A. contain DNA in the nucleus and have a plasma membrane B. produce a cell wall outside of the plasma membrane C. contain mitochondria and chloroplasts D. have a plasma membrane and ribosomes in the cytoplasm
D. have a plasma membrane and ribosomes in the cytoplasm
Which organelle is primarily responsible for the breakdown of lipids within the cell? A. Golgi apparatus B. chloroplast C. vacuole D. peroxisome
D. peroxisome
Whether a molecule can cross the plasma membrane depends upon A. the size of the molecule. B. the shape of the molecule. C. the chemical properties of the molecule. D. the charge of the molecule. E. All of the choices are correct.
E. All of the choices are correct.
Some parasites and disease agents regularly change their identity before our immune system can build up substantial antibodies. How could cells change their chemical identity on a regular basis? A. Rapid evolution produces mutations. B. A new phospholipid bilayer is generated to replace the old layer. C. Because the membrane is "set," the cell must reproduce and then the cell with the old membrane must die. D. Cells eliminate all surface proteins and present only a naked lipid bilayer. E. Different glycolipids and glycoproteins are produced internally and moved into the plasma membrane.
E. Different glycolipids and glycoproteins are produced internally and moved into the plasma membrane.
Which statement is NOT true about the proteins in the plasma membrane? A. Proteins may be attached to the inner surface of the plasma membrane. B. The hydrophobic portion of a protein is embedded within the membrane. C. Some peripheral proteins are connected to cytoskeletal filaments. D. Integral proteins are responsible for membrane functions. E. Glycoproteins contain carbohydrate chains that are oriented toward the inner surface of the membrane.
E. Glycoproteins contain carbohydrate chains that are oriented toward the inner surface of the membrane.
Freshwater protozoans react to a/an _____ environment by removing water through _____. A. hypertonic, turgor pressure B. hypotonic, turgor pressure C. isotonic, a contractile vacuole D. hypertonic, a contractile vacuole E. hypotonic, a contractile vacuole
E. hypotonic, a contractile vacuole
Which phrase does NOT describe one of the functions of proteins of the plasma membrane? A. forming a channel through the membrane B. initiating the replication of the genetic material C. binding to a substance to carry it through the membrane D. acting as a receptor for substances external to the cell E. increasing the rate of a chemical reaction
E. increasing the rate of a chemical reaction
Which is the best definition of active transport? A. movement of molecules from an area of their higher concentration to an area of their lower concentration B. movement of water across a semi permeable membrane from an area of higher water concentration to an area of lower water concentration C. movement of molecules from an area of their lower concentration to an area of their higher concentration D. movement of water across a semi permeable membrane from an area of lower water concentration to an area of higher water concentration E. movement of a substance against its concentration through the release of energy from ATP
E. movement of a substance against its concentration through the release of energy from ATP
Membrane-bounded vesicles that contain enzymes for oxidizing small organic molecules with the formation of hydrogen peroxide are A. vacuoles. B. vesicles. C. glyoxisomes. D. lysosomes. E. peroxisomes.
E. peroxisomes.
In a phospholipid bilayer, the A. phosphate groups are hydrophobic. B. fatty acid tails are ionized. C. fatty acid tails are hydrophilic. D. proteins are located only between the two layers. E. phosphate heads are oriented toward the exterior of the cell or toward the cytoplasm.
E. phosphate heads are oriented toward the exterior of the cell or toward the cytoplasm.
The major functions of the plasma membrane do NOT include A. separation of the fluid environments inside and outside the cell. B. regulation of molecules and ions that pass into and out of the cell. C. recognition and communication between different cells and tissues. D. maintaining connections between adjacent cells. E. production of proteins used in construction of the cell wall.
E. production of proteins used in construction of the cell wall.
All cells have a cell wall that regulates the passage of molecules into and out of the cell. T or F
false
In the cells that line the lumen of the small intestine, gap junctions keep materials from the digestive tract from slipping between the cells and entering the tissues. T or F
false
Mitochondria have an inner membrane system called thylakoid membranes. T or F
false
An extracellular matrix helps some cells to adhere to neighboring cells. T or F
true
Fluidity of a membrane increases as the percentage of unsaturated fatty acids in the phospholipids goes up. T or F
true
In the sodium-potassium pump, sodium is transported out of the cell and potassium is transported into the cell as ATP is broken by a membrane protein. T or F
true
Mitochondria and chloroplasts are able to reproduce independently from the division of the cell. T or F
true
Mitochondria are thought to be derived from aerobic bacteria that became part of the eukaryotic cell through endosymbiosis. T or F
true
Receptor-mediated endocytosis involves the use of specific proteins in the cell membrane. T or F
true
The process by which a white blood cell or an amoeba engulfs bacteria is called phagocytosis. T or F
true
