bio test #3

Connective tissue of the musculoskeletal system includes

All answers are correct. Answers:ligaments.bone.cartilage.tendons.

The endoskeleton functions in

All answers are correct. Answers:production of blood cells.supporting the body.protecting the body.movement.

Different types of animal tissue include

All of the answers are correct., epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscle tissue and nervous tissue.

What is the advantage of the endocrine system over the nervous system?

Hormones remain in the bloodstream and cells for long periods of time to maintain homeostatsis, unlike neural impulses.

Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease in which a person produces antibodies against myelin. How would this affect the nervous system?

Nerve impulses would travel more slowly.

What is true of olfactory cells and taste buds?

Olfactory receptors are chemoreceptors that detect odor molecules, and taste buds are chemoreceptors that allow the sense of taste in the mouth.

The type of epithelial tissue that forms a single layer of flattened cells is

Simple squamous epithelial tissue

If you were doing experiments on rats and wanted to disrupt thermal homeostasis, you would want to disconnect the

B. hypothalamus.

Which is incorrect? Both the nervous system and the endocrine system use neurotransmitters to affect target cells. A single neuron influences only a few cells at a time, whereas hormones circulate throughout the body in the blood. Hormones and neurotransmitters may share the same target cell. Some chemicals act as both neurotransmitters and hormones. A nerve impulse is virtually instantaneous, but hormones take a considerable amount of time to exert their effects.

Both the nervous system and the endocrine system use neurotransmitters to affect target cells.

The tissue type that acts as a lining of organs, serves in absorption and secretion, and also conducts gas diffusion is

D. epithelial

The type of epithelial tissue that forms multiple layers of flattened cells is

Stratified

If a growth plate is damaged before bone growth is complete, what may result?

The bone will not grow to its full length.

Which tissue within skin is responsible for producing sweat?

a. Epithelial

The study of an organism's structure is

anatomy

The part of the neuron that is usually a single long extension that conducts an impulse to a muscle or another neuron is the

axon

Where are blood cells produced?

bone marrow

Functions of the vertebrate endoskeleton include

both production of blood cells and storage of calcium

An action that counters an existing condition is called

negative feedback

The tissue that makes up the spinal cord and brain consists of

nervous tissue

The tissue type that receives, processes, and transmits information by providing a communication network among cells is

nervous tissue

Which is not a function of skeletal muscles?

pump blood through the heart

While in the treatment room at your eye doctor, you bump a model of the eye, and the sheet-like, innermost layer of the eye falls out into your hand. When you replace it, you have put back the

retina.

To prevent swollen thyroid glands many nations add iodine to

salt

A disorder of the axial skeleton in which the vertebral column curves to the side is known as

scoliosis.

The type of epithelial tissue that forms a single layer of elongated cells is

simple columnar.

The systems that support and move the body are

skeletal and muscular

What keeps your head held up and not drooped forward toward your chest when you are awake?

skeletal muscle

Patients with muscular dystrophy have decreased voluntary motion, while involuntary motions remain normal. Which tissues are affected by muscular dystrophy?

skeletal muscle only

You are observing a test subject move his arm. You notice that the subject can move the arm on command, and a tissue biopsy shows that the relevant muscle tissue has cells with many nuclei. You decide that the movement is due to muscle that is

skeletal.

Muscle tissue that is controlled involuntarily and has no striations is

smooth muscle tissue

The division of the peripheral nervous system that carries signals to voluntary muscles is the

somatic system.

The part of the central nervous system that conducts information to and from the brain is the

spinal cord.

The part of the neuron that is usually a single long extension that conducts an impulse to a muscle or another neuron is the

synapse.

A neuromuscular junction is a ________ between a ________ and a ________.

synapse; muscle; neuron

Which is not controlled by the nervous system?

diffusion of water into cells

The type of skeleton that is an internal support structure is a(n)

endoskeleton.

the type of skeleton composed of calcium rich-spines, cartilage or bone is a(n)

endoskeleton.

The antidote for a severe, life-threatening allergic reaction is a shot of

epinephrine

The type of skeleton that is usually composed of either a calcium-containing shell or chitin is a(n)

exoskeleton.

Athletes who compete in distance/endurance events develop more fast-twitch muscle.

false

In humans, taste buds are most highly concentrated on the inside surface of the lips of the mouth.

false

Muscle cells insulate neuroglia as the latter carry electrical signals to muscles.

false

Muscle rich in fast-twitch fibers is darker than muscle rich in slow-twitch fibers.

false

Neurons insulate neuroglia as the latter carry electrical signals.

false

Some adult weight lifters dope with human growth hormone. What effect would this have on their bodies?

gain muscle

What is a principal mechanism by which endotherms obtain body heat?

generate heat via metabolism

The hormone that stimulates glycogen stored in the liver and muscles to be broken down to glucose when blood glucose levels are low is

glucagon.

A person suffering from acromegaly (over growth of facial, hand and foot bones) produces too much ________ as a(n) ________.

growth hormone; adult

The type of skeleton that consists of fluid constrained within a layer of flexible tissue is a(n)

hydrostatic skeleton.

If a physician recommends frequent small meals with low carbohydrate and high protein content, the patient most likely suffers from

hyperglycemia

Estrogen and progesterone normally do which things?

inhibit LH and FSH production by the pituitary

An endocrine gland releases its product directly

into the circulatory system

A sprain is a stretched or torn

ligament

In the cochlea, sound is transmitted into nerve signals that reach the brain through

mechanoreceptors.

If asked to point to the place on a model of the brain where essential functions such as breathing, blood pressure, heart rate, and swallowing are regulated, you would point to the

medulla oblongata

Bone-conduction aids transmit sound waves directly to the oval window. This would bypass the

middle ear.

The tissue type that provides contractions that power movement is

muscle

The two closely allied organ systems that allow for running, swimming, and flying under the direction of the nervous system are the

muscular and skeletal systems.

The nervous tissue that consists of myelinated axons transmitting information throughout the central nervous system is the

white matter

Without muscles, bones ________ and without bones, muscles ________.

would remain in one location; would remain in one location

When dealing with a patient having trouble maintaining the composition of body fluids, you might look for problems in the production of

ADH.

The type of connective tissue with a mineralized extracellular matrix is

C. cartilage.

Osteoarthritis is caused when bones in a joint rub against each other directly. What happens in osteoarthritis?

Cartilage is destroyed.

One way humans maintain body temperature is by increasing blood flow to the skin and sweating. Which organ systems are interacting in this process?

Circulatory and integumentary

If you were asked to list systems that are most critical for protecting the body from external threats, you would list

Integumentary, immune and uniary

The condition that develops when dopamine levels in the brain are deficient is

Parkinson disease.

If a friend says that they have damage to connective tissue with a matrix of fine collagen fibers, you know that they have an issue with

cartilage.

the rounded part of a neuron containing the nucleus and mitochondria is the

cell body

If asked to point to the place on a model of the brain where subconscious muscular movements are coordinated, you would point to the

cerebellum.

The part of the brain that controls the qualities of what we consider the "mind" is the

cerebrum.

The vertebrae in descending order from the skull are

cervical, thoracic, lumbar

you are lying on a sand dune looking over the water, listening to the waves, and enjoying the feel of the sun and wind on your skin. You also smell the salty ocean air and seaweed that has washed ashore.When you smell the salty air and seaweed, what is being activated?

chemoreceptor

The primary function of muscle tissue is

contraction

The molecule that rapidly replenishes ATP at the beginning of muscle activity is

creatine phosphate.

A chemical that travels from a sending neuron to a receiving neuron is called a(n)

neurotransmitter.

in the diagram, the squares which are transported from a neuron, through the synaptic cleft, and received by the receptors of another cell are called

neurotransmitters

A condition in which bones become less dense is called

osteoporosis.

Which bone, if examined, would show that you were working with something other than an upper limb?

patella

Which is not a part of the axial skeleton?

pelvic girdle

You are lying on a sand dune looking over the water, listening to the waves, and enjoying the feel of the sun and wind on your skin. You also smell the salty ocean air and seaweed that has washed ashore. When you look at the water, what is being activated?

photoreceptor

When a blood clot begins to form, the enzyme thrombin is formed. Thrombin then activates the enzymes that produce more thrombin. This is an example of ________ feedback.

positive feedback

If you wanted to alter breast milk production in a new mother having trouble feeding her baby due to poor milk supply, you would look at the hormone prolactin, since it is produced by the ________ and targets the ________.

posterior pituitary; mammary glands

Which option lists the primary endocrine product(s) of the ovaries?

progesterone and estrogen

the endocrine gland that produces primarily testosterone is the

testes.

All of our body's hormones are products of the endocrine system.

true

An organ is defined as consisting of two or more interacting tissues.

true

Bones play a role in calcium homeostasis

true

If you see a limb move, first in one direction, then in the opposite, you can be sure that there are two opposing muscles responsible.

true

In a hierarchical description of an animal, tissues would fall between cells and organs.

true

Muscle rich in slow-twitch fibers is darker than muscle rich in fast-twitch fibers.

true

Neurotransmitters released from a "sending" cell must travel across a tiny space called a synaptic cleft.

true

Odorous molecules are first detected in the nose and are transduced into receptor potentials, which travel to the olfactory bulb and then to the cerebral cortex.

true

Since parathyroid hormone causes calcium to be liberated from bone, blocking that hormone could be a partial aid in dealing with loss of calcium from bone.

true

The high water content of cartilage allows it to cushion blows.

true

The precursor of bone is cartilage.

true

if you were examining a biopsy sample of a leg bone, and the structure of the bone was spongy, you would know that the sample came from the end of the bone.

true

the reason that we can tell light from sound is because different neurons transmit these different stimuli

true

If a person requires insulin injections they most likely suffer from

type 1 diabetes only.

Which is not a bone of the lower limbs?

ulna