Bio test 4
1. Which of these is an incorrect contrast between monocots (stated first) and eudicots (stated second)? a. one cotyledon—two cotyledons b. leaf veins parallel—net veined c. vascular bundles in a ring—vascular bundles scattered d. flower parts in threes—flower parts in fours or fives e. All of these are correct contrasts.
1. c
1. Which of these molecules is not a nutrient for plants? a. water b. carbon dioxide gas c. mineral ions d. nitrogen gas e. None of these are nutrients.
1. d
1. Which of these are characteristics of land plants? a. multicellular with specialized tissues and organs b. photosynthetic and contain chlorophylls a and b c. protect the developing embryo from desiccation d. have an alternation-of-generations life cycle e. All of these are correct.
1. e
10. Which of these is a stem? a. taproot of carrots b. stolon of strawberry plants c. spine of cacti d. prop roots e. Both b and c are correct.
10. b
10. An opening in the leaf that allows gas and water exchange is called a. the lenticel. b. the hole. c. the stoma. d. the guard cell. e. the accessory cell.
10. c
10. How are ferns different from mosses? a. Only ferns produce spores as dispersal agents. b. Ferns have vascular tissue. c. In the fern life cycle, the gametophyte and sporophyte are both independent. d. Ferns do not have flagellated sperm. e. Both b and c are correct.
10. e
11. Meristem tissue that gives rise to epidermal tissue is called a. procambium. b. ground meristem. c. epiderm. d. protoderm. e. periderm.
11. d
11. What main force drives absorption of water, creates tension, and draws water through the plant? a. adhesion b. cohesion c. tension d. transpiration e. absorption
11. d
11. Which of these pairs is mismatched? a. pollen grain —male gametophyte b. ovule—female gametophyte c. seed—immature sporophyte d. pollen tube—spores e. tree—mature sporophyte
11. d
12. A nutrient element is considered essential if a. plant growth increases with a reduction in the concentration of the element. b. plants die in the absence of the element. c. plants can substitute a similar element for the missing element with no ill effects. d. the element is a positive ion.
12. b
12. In the life cycle of the pine tree, the ovules are found on a. needlelike leaves. b. seed cones. c. pollen cones. d. root hairs. e. All of these are correct.
12. b
12. New plant cells originate from the a. parenchyma. b. collenchyma. c. sclerenchyma. d. base of the shoot. e. apical meristem.
12. e
13. Humus a. supplies nutrients to plants. b. is basic in its pH. c. is found in the deepest soil horizons. d. is inorganic in origin.
13. a
13. Monocotyledonous plants often have a. parallel leaf venation. b. flower parts in units of four or five. c. leaves with petioles only. d. flowers with stipules. e. Choices b, c, and d are correct.
13. a
13. Ground tissue does not include a. collenchyma cells. b. sclerenchyma cells. c. parenchyma cells. d. chlorenchyma cells.
13. d
14. Which of these pairs is mismatched? a. anther—produces microspores b. carpel—produces pollen c. ovule—becomes seed d. ovary—becomes fruit e. flower—reproductive structure
14. b
14. Soils rich in which type of mineral particle will have a high water-holding capacity? a. sand b. silt c. clay d. All soil particles hold water equally well.
14. c
14. Evenly thickened cells that function to support mature regions of a flowering plant are called a. guard cells. b. aerenchyma cells. c. parenchyma cells. d. sclerenchyma cells. e. xylem cells.
14. d
15. Which of these plants contributed the most to our present-day supply of coal? a. bryophytes b. seedless vascular plants c. gymnosperms d. angiosperms e. Both b and c are correct.
15. b
15. Roots a. are the primary site of photosynthesis. b. give rise to new leaves and flowers. c. have a thick cuticle to protect the epidermis. d. absorb water and nutrients. e. contain spores.
15. d
15. Stomata are usually open a. at night, when the plant requires a supply of oxygen. b. during the day, when the plant requires a supply of carbon dioxide. c. day or night if there is excess water in the soil. d. during the day, when transpiration occurs. e. Both b and d are correct.
15. e
16. Why might the water column in tracheids be less susceptible to breakage than in vessels? a. Tracheids are more narrow, giving more opportunity for adhesion to play a role in maintaining the water column. b. The end walls of tracheids are more slanted than the end walls of vessel elements. c. Tracheids receive support from vessel elements, but not vice versa. d. All of these are correct.
16. a;
16. Monocot stems have a. vascular bundles arranged in a ring. b. vascular cambium. c. scattered vascular bundles. d. a cork cambium. e. a distinct pith and cortex.
16. c
16. Which of these is found in seed plants? a. complex vascular tissue b. pollen grains that are not flagellated c. retention of female gametophyte within the ovule d. roots, stems, and leaves e. All of these are correct.
16. e
17. Secondary thickening of stems occurs in a. all angiosperms. b. most monocots. c. many eudicots. d. few eudicots.
17. c
17. Which of these is a seedless vascular plant? a. gymnosperm b. angiosperm c. fern d. monocot e. eudicot
17. c
18. How are compound leaves distinguished from simple leaves? a. Compound leaves do not have axillary buds at the base of leaflets. b. Compound leaves are smaller than simple leaves. c. Simple leaves are usually deciduous. d. Compound leaves are found only in pine trees. e. Simple leaves are found only in gymnosperms.
18. a
18. Negatively charged clay particles attract a. K +. b. NO3 -. c. Ca2+. d. Both a and b are correct. e. Both a and c are correct.
18. e
2. In bryophytes, sperm usually move from the antheridium to the archegonium by a. swimming. b. flying. c. insect pollination. d. worm pollination. e. bird pollination.
2. a
2. Which of these types of cells is most likely to divide? a. parenchyma b. meristem c. epidermis d. xylem e. sclerenchyma
2. b
2. Which is a component of soil? a. mineral particles b. humus c. organisms d. air and water e. All of these are correct.
2. e
3. The Casparian strip affects a. how water and minerals move into the vascular cylinder. b. vascular tissue composition. c. how soil particles function. d. how organic nutrients move into the vascular cylinder. e. Both a and d are correct.
3. a
3. Ferns have a. a dominant gametophyte generation. b. vascular tissue. c. seeds. d. Both a and b are correct. e. Choices a, b, and c are correct.
3. b
3. Which of these cells in a flowering plant is apt to be nonliving? a. parenchyma b. collenchyma c. sclerenchyma d. epidermal cells e. guard cells
3. c
4. Root hairs are found in the zone of a. cell division. b. elongation. c. maturation. d. apical meristem. e. All of these are correct.
4. c
4. The spore-bearing structure that gives rise to a female gametophyte in seed plants is called a a. microphyll. b. spore. c. megasporangium. d. microsporangium. e. sporophyll.
4. c
4. Which of these is not a mineral ion? a. NO3 - b. MgI2 c. CO2 d. Al3 + e. All of these are correct.
4. c
5. A small, upright plant that resembles a tiny upright pine tree with club-shaped strobili and microphylls is a a. whisk fern. b. lycophyte. c. conifer. d. horsetail. e. fern.
5. b
5. Cortex is found in a. roots, stems, and leaves. b. roots and stems. c. roots and leaves. d. stems and leaves. e. roots only.
5. b
5. What role do cohesion and adhesion play in xylem transport? a. Like transpiration, they create a tension. b. Like root pressure, they create a positive pressure. c. Like sugars, they cause water to enter xylem. d. They create a continuous water column in xylem. e. All of these are correct.
5. d
6. Between the bark and the wood in a woody stem, there is a layer of meristem called a. cork cambium. b. vascular cambium. c. apical meristem. d. the zone of cell division. e. procambium preceding bark.
6. b
6. Trends in the evolution of plants include all of the following except a. from homospory to heterospory. b. from less to more reliance on water for life cycle. c. from nonvascular to vascular. d. from nonwoody to woody.
6. b
6. The pressure-flow model of phloem transport states that a. phloem content always flows from the leaves to the root. b. phloem content always flows from the root to the leaves. c. water flow brings sucrose from a source to a sink. d. water pressure creates a flow of water toward the source. e. Both c and d are correct.
6. c
7. Which part of a leaf carries on most of the photosynthesis of a plant? a. epidermis b. mesophyll c. epidermal layer d. guard cells e. Both a and b are correct.
7. b
7. Root hairs do not play a role in a. oxygen uptake. b. mineral uptake. c. water uptake. d. carbon dioxide uptake. e. the uptake of any of these.
7. d
7. Gymnosperms a. have flowers. b. are eudicots. c. are monocots. d. do not have spores in their life cycle. e. reproduce by seeds.
7. e
8. Xylem includes all of these except a. companion cells. b. vessels. c. tracheids. d. dead tissue.
8. a
8. Annual rings are the a. internodes in a stem. b. rings of vascular bundles in a monocot stem. c. layers of xylem in a woody stem. d. bark layers in a woody stem. e. Both b and c are correct.
8. c
8. In the moss life cycle, the sporophyte a. consists of leafy green shoots. b. is the heart-shaped prothallus. c. consists of a foot, a stalk, and a capsule. d. is the dominant generation. e. All of these are correct.
8. c
9. After sucrose enters sieve tubes, a. it is removed by the source. b. water follows passively by osmosis. c. it is driven by active transport to the source, which is usually the roots. d. stomata open so that water flows to the leaves. e. All of these are correct.
9. b
9. Microphylls a. have a single strand of vascular tissue. b. evolved before megaphylls. c. evolved as extensions of the stem. d. are found in lycophytes. e. All of these are correct.
9. c
9. The Casparian strip is found a. between all epidermal cells. b. between xylem and phloem cells. c. on four sides of endodermal cells. d. within the secondary wall of parenchyma cells. e. in both endodermis and pericycle.
9. c
Which chemical properties of water are important to the movement of xylem sap? A) Cohesion and adhesion B) Surface tension and high specific heat C) The ability to maintain temperature and nonpolarity of its molecules
A) Cohesion and adhesion
Which of the following is a micronutrient? A) Iron B) Potassium C) Carbon D) Calcium
A) Iron
All of the following describe the waxy cuticle EXCEPT: A) Is an overproduction of cork that serves in gaseous exchange B) Protects against bacterial infection C) Covers the epidermal cells exposed to air D) Minimizes water loss
A) Is an overproduction of cork that serves in gaseous exchange
Which of the following is an essential element in plants? A) Nitrogen B) Nickel C) Aluminum D) Lead
A) Nitrogen
Which of the following statements about megaphylls is FALSE? A) They have one strand of vascular tissue. B) Both ferns and seed plants have megaphylls. C) They are efficient collectors of solar energy. D) They made plants 'more fit'.
A) They have one strand of vascular tissue.
Some plants protect their embryos inside _____. A) a seed B) pollen grains C) an amniote egg D) a cuticle
A) a seed Feedback: Yes; seeds contain a sporophyte embryo and stored food within a protective coat.
The shoot tip that produces new cells, increasing the height of a stem, is the A) apical meristem. B) vascular cambrium. C) mesophyll. D) lateral meristem.
A) apical meristem.
Scientists have suggested the planting of ____________ may help reduce the levels of selenium. A) canola B) poplars C) mustard plants D) wheat
A) canola
The mechanism for xylem transport of water is explained by the _____ model. A) cohesion-tension B) endosymbiotic C) fluid mosaic D) pressure flow
A) cohesion-tension
The _____ of a dicot root functions in food storage. A) cortex B) vascular tissue C) epidermis D) endodermis
A) cortex
In older trees, the inner annual rings, called the _____, no longer function in water transport. A) heartwood B) sapwood C) phloem D) cork
A) heartwood
In the ovule each megaspore mother cell undergoes _____ to produce four megaspores. A) meiosis B) mitosis C) binary fission D) germination
A) meiosis
The final decomposition of organic remains in humus to inorganic nutrients is performed by _____. A) microorganisms B) earthworms C) small plants D) insects
A) microorganisms
The pressure-flow model is an explanation for the ______. A) movement of organic materials in phloem B) movement of H2O in xylem C) movement of minerals in xylem
A) movement of organic materials in phloem
A(n) _____ occurs where leaves are attached to the stem. A) node B) petiole C) internode D) axillary bud
A) node
Monocots have _____. A) one cotyledon B) flower parts in multiples of fours or fives C) tap roots D) netted venation
A) one cotyledon
In older woody plants, the epidermis of the stem is replaced by _____ tissue. A) periderm B) vascular C) ground
A) periderm
The _____ form a continuous pipeline from a source to a sink. A) sieve tubes B) vessel elements C) tracheids D) stomates
A) sieve tubes
The diploid generation of plants is called the _____. A) sporophyte B) spore C) gametophyte D) gamete
A) sporophyte Feedback: Yes; the sporophyte is the 2n generation of the plant.
Minerals are transported upwards from the roots in _____. A) xylem B) phloem C) the casparian strip
A) xylem
All of these are examples of taproots that store food for human consumption EXCEPT: A) Carrot B) Beans C) Radish D) Beets
B) Beans
Which of the following are seedless vascular plants? A) Mosses B) Ferns C) Liverworts D) Eudicots
B) Ferns Feedback: Yes; ferns are seedless, vascular plants.
________ have silica deposited in the cell walls of their stems and they were used by early Americans to scrub the pots. A) Club mosses B) Horsetails C) Whisk ferns D) Ferns
B) Horsetails Feedback: Yes; they were used in this manner and are still used today as ingredients in abrasive powders.
In most plants, the main photosynthetic organs are the: A) Stems B) Leaves C) Roots
B) Leaves
Which of the following statements does NOT apply to conifers? A) Conifers usually have evergreen, needle-like leaves. B) Monocots and eudicots are two classes of conifers. C) They produce resin, which protects them from attack by fungi and insects. D) Conifers produce seeds in cones.
B) Monocots and eudicots are two classes of conifers. Feedback: Yes; monocots and eudicots are two classes of angiosperms.
Xylem is composed of what two types of conducting cells? A) Companion cells and collenchyma B) Vessel elements and tracheids C) Seive tube members and companion cells D) Cork and palisade parenchymal cells
B) Vessel elements and tracheids
Which of the following cells transport water and minerals? A) Phloem B) Xylem C) Fibers D) Parenchyma
B) Xylem Feedback: Yes; xylem tissue transports water and minerals.
Plants have a(n) _____ life cycle. A) haploid B) alternation of generations C) diploid
B) alternation of generations Feedback: Yes; plants alternate between a diploid and haploid generation (sporophyte to gametophyte) during their life cycle.
Nonphotosynthetic plants _____. A) obtain their organic compounds from aerobic respiration B) are parasitic, deriving their carbohydrates from other plants and/or fungi C) do not require organic compounds to maintain life. D) capture their energy from the sun and reduce carbon dioxide
B) are parasitic, deriving their carbohydrates from other plants and/or fungi
Bacteria living in root nodules receive _____ from the plant and furnish _______ to their hosts. A) nitrogen compounds; carbohydrates B) carbohydrates; nitrogen compounds C) oxygen; carbon dioxide D) potassium; hydrogen ions
B) carbohydrates; nitrogen compounds
The Casparian strip of the _____ regulates the entrance of water and minerals into the vascular cylinder. A) cortex B) endodermis C) pericycle D) epidermis
B) endodermis
In the moss life cycle, the ______ is the dominant generation. A) diploid gametophyte B) haploid gametophyte C) haploid sporophyte D) diploid sporophyte
B) haploid gametophyte Feedback: Yes; in the moss life cycle, the haploid gametophyte is the dominant generation.
The eudicotyledons ______. A) have parallel veins in their leaves B) have two seed leaves, or cotyledons C) include grasses D) flower parts in threes or multiples of threes
B) have two seed leaves, or cotyledons Feedback: Yes; they have two cotyledons in their seeds, whereas monocots have one cotyledon.
Plants are best described as _____. A) multicellular or single-celled heterotrophic eukaryotes B) multicellular, photosynthetic eukaryotes C) single-celled prokaryotic D) multicellular or single-celled, chemoautotrophic eukaryotes
B) multicellular, photosynthetic eukaryotes Feedback: Yes; all plants are multicellular, photosynthetic eukaryotes.
The absorptive capacity of roots is increased by _____. A) villi B) root hairs C) cilia D) stomates
B) root hairs
A soil with mostly _____ particles has large spaces and the water drains right through them. A) silt B) sand C) clay
B) sand
Procambium meristem tissue produces _____ tissue. A) epidermal B) vascular C) ground D) tubers
B) vascular
Which of these statements about phytoremediation is NOT true? A) It occurs at a slow pace. B) It can only be effective at reaching contaminants at the root level. C) It is expensive and requires excessive energy to accomplish. D) Plants vary in their ability to remove pollutants from the environment.
C) It is expensive and requires excessive energy to accomplish.
All of the following statements about the pressure-flow model of phloem transport are true EXCEPT: A) The direction of flow is from the source to the sink. B) The buildup of water creates a positive pressure that accounts for flow of phloem contents. C) Transpiration exerts a pulling force that moves the phloem contents. D) Sugar is actively transported into the phloem, followed by osmosis of water.
C) Transpiration exerts a pulling force that moves the phloem contents.
All of the following cells form the ground tissue EXCEPT: A) Parenchyma B) Sclerenchyma C) Vessel elements D) Collenchyma
C) Vessel elements
All of the following characteristics are among the adaptations of plants to life on land EXCEPT: A) Protection of the embryo from drying out B) Waxy cuticle on stems and leaves to prevent drying out C) Waxy cuticle on roots to prevent drying out D) Vascular system (in most plants) to move water internally
C) Waxy cuticle on roots to prevent drying out Feedback: Yes; there is a waxy cuticle on leaves, but not on roots.
Rhizomes _____. A) are aboveground roots B) are adventitious roots C) are underground horizontal stems D) stolons
C) are underground horizontal stems
The fiddlehead is a young sporophyte that unfolds into a ______. A) prothallus B) rhizome C) fern frond D) seed
C) fern frond Feedback: Yes; the fiddlehead is a young sporophyte that unfolds into a fern frond.
The _____of angiosperms protect and aid in the dispersal of seeds. A) flowers B) cones C) fruits D) peduncle
C) fruits Feedback: Yes; fruits are structured to protect and aid in the dispersal of seeds to a wider area.
Root pressure may be responsible for _____ when drops of water are forced out of vein endings along the edges of the leaves. A) transpiration B) erosion C) guttation D) girdling
C) guttation
Photosynthesis takes place mainly in the _____ tissue of the leaves. A) vascular B) epidermal C) mesophyll
C) mesophyll
An accumulation of _____ ions within guard cells causes the stomata to open. A) calcium B) fluorine C) potassium D) chlorine
C) potassium
The _____ produced by the vascular cambium builds up to become the annual rings in a woody stem. A) cork B) pith C) secondary xylem D) phloem
C) secondary xylem
Sieve tube elements are connected to one another by _____ to form a continuous pipeline for sugars. A) gap junctions B) adhesion junctions C) strands of cytoplasma within plasmodesmata D) lignin within the cell walls
C) strands of cytoplasma within plasmodesmata
Which of the following plants produce seeds? A) Fern B) Lycophytes C) Horsetails D) A pine tree
D) A pine tree Feedback: Yes; pine trees are gymnosperms, which produce seeds in cones.
The dominant plants during modern times are: A) Seedless vasculars B) Nonvasculars C) Gymnosperms D) Angiosperms
D) Angiosperms Feedback: Yes; the dominant plants during modern times are angiosperms.
Which of the following is the reproductive organ of a flowering plant? A) Stem B) Root C) Leaf D) Flower
D) Flower
All of the following are true of plant evolution EXCEPT: A) Decrease in the size of gametophyte B) From seedless to seed producing C) Increase in the size of sporophyte D) From vascular to nonvascular tissue
D) From vascular to nonvascular tissue
Extracts which improve blood circulation are produced from this tree, which is also plentiful in the fossil record. A) Liverworts B) Cycads C) Gnetophytes D) Ginkgoes
D) Ginkgoes Feedback: Yes; extracts which improve blood circulation are produced from ginkgo trees, which is also plentiful in the fossil record.
Leaves may be modified to function in all of the following ways EXCEPT: A) Trap insects B) Aid in climbing C) Conserve water D) Serve as the main axis of the plant
D) Serve as the main axis of the plant
Which of these statements is NOT true about fertilization in a fern plant? A) Eggs are produced in archegonia. B) Sperm are produced in antheridia. C) Eggs and sperm are produced by the gametophyte generation. D) Sperm are carried to the egg mostly by wind.
D) Sperm are carried to the egg mostly by wind. Feedback: Yes; flagellated sperm swim to the egg in a film of water from the antheridium to the archegonium where fertilization occurs. Spores are windblown, not sperm.
Choose the correct order of soil horizons in a soil profile starting from surface level. A) Leaching zone, living organisms and humus, weathered rock, subsoil B) Humus, weathered rock, leaching zone C) Weathered rock, subsoil, topsoil D) Topsoil, subsoil, weathered rock
D) Topsoil, subsoil, weathered rock
Deciduous plants: A) bear leaves the entire year. B) do not have vascular tissue. C) are called evergreens. D) lose their leaves every year.
D) lose their leaves every year.
A small pore in the leaf epidermis which is bordered by guard cells is a: A) tracheid. B) sieve-tube element. C) root hair. D) stoma.
D) stoma.
The lateral meristem that produces secondary xylem and secondary phloem is the _____. A) cork cambium B) protoderm C) ground meristem D) vascular cambium
D) vascular cambium