bio test

Without a centrosome, cells would not be able to

move organelles around the cytoplasm.

Which organelle modifies the contents within vesicles and then repackages them for export?

golgi apparatus

What does the folding of the mitochondrial inner membrane, shown here, provide?

greater surface area for ATP production

The changing of an enzyme's shape as the substrate binds to the active site is called the

induced fit model.

Which of the following is a correct match of a molecule and the location where it is principally used?

mRNA - nucleus and cytoplasm

Chloroplasts and mitochondria are similar in that they both

contain DNA.

In what function do the embedded membrane proteins serve?*

facilitated and active transport

Molecules move from greater to lesser concentration through a carrier protein in

facilitated diffusion.

What process typically regulates the enzymes involved in metabolic reactions?

feedback inhibition

Which of the following is the correct sequence through the endomembrane system for material that is destined to be secreted from the cell?

rough endoplasmic reticulum - Golgi apparatus - plasma membrane

Which of the following is not a type of intracellular protein?

cellulose

The stack of thylakoids labeled "A" in this figure is called

granum

The figure below represents a metabolic pathway. What would occur is enzyme 3 is denatured and no longer functional?

Substrate C would not be metabolized.

The part of the enzyme into which the substrate fits is called the

active site.

The concentration of Magnesium in a cell is 5 %. The concentration of Magnesium in the surrounding fluid is 2%. Which of the following processes could the cell use to obtain more Magnesium

active transport

Which of these words should be classified separately from the others?

active transport

Mitochondria and chloroplasts are similar in that they both ________, but are different in that mitochondria are ___ but not chloroplast.

are involved in energy conversions; are found in nearly all eukaryotic cells

Receptor proteins allow a cell to

bind to signal proteins from other parts of the body.

Which of the following human cells would contain cilia?

cell from the trachea (windpipe)

_____ are bacterial structures involved in the passage of DNA into or out of the cell.

conjugation pili

Surface to volume ratio is an important characteristic for cell function; some cells increase their ratio

developing finger-like projections.

Which form of passive transport allows small noncharged molecules, such as oxygen, to cross the cell membrane?

diffusion

Simple diffusion across a plasma membrane is called passive transport because it

does not require energy from the cell.

Disease-causing bacteria often attach to cells they attack. The bacterial structures used to aid thatattachment are

fimbriae.

Without tight junctions in certain tissues

fluids may leak out past the barrier the junction would create.

Energy of activation

is the energy required for molecules to react with each other.

If the concentration of the solute is the same in the cell as it is in the surrounding solution, the cell is in a(n) _________________environment.

isotonic.

Enzymes are able to speed up the rate of a reaction by

lowering the energy needed for the reaction to proceed

Which of the following organelles would be abundant in a sperm cell that is actively swimming towards an egg cell?

mitochondria

What term would describe the diagram of the plant cell below that was placed in a hypertonic solution?

plasmolysis

Select all the functions of the endomembrane system?

prepares molecules for export from the cell provides a place for produced cellular materials to be refined manufactures molecules assists in moving materials from one part of the cell to another

Which of the following is NOT a possible function of the extracellular matrix in animal cells?

produce numerous channels for continuous flow of water from cells to cells.

Which of the following is not a function of junction proteins?

to permit cells to recognize one another.

In feedback inhibition of a metabolic pathway, where does the inhibitor bind?

to the first enzyme in the pathway

Which of the following is an example of osmosis?

Cells in our kidneys reabsorb water to reduce the amount of water lost in our urine.

Chromosomes are made from

condensed chromatin

Which of the following is a correct matching of an organelle and its function?

mitochondrion - cellular respiration

Which of the areas shown in the figure below indicates the absence of an enzyme?

B

Below is a diagram of a bacterium. What part of the bacterial cell does Y represent?

nucleoid

What process allows water to move across a cell membrane?

osmosis

Which of the following methods of transport uses a coated pit to take in a specific type of molecule?

receptor-mediated endocytosis

Which of the following allows eukaryotic cells and their organelles to move?

the cytoskeleton

Once the substrate moves into the active site of the enzyme

the enzyme alters in shape to more closely fit the substrate.

What prevents a plant cell from bursting in a hypotonic solution?

the presence of a cell wall

Which of the following organelles would form a membrane-bound package, also known as a vesicle?

Golgi apparatus

During an osmosis experiment, you place some plant cells under the microscope. You notice the cells seem very swollen. What type of solution were the cells immersed in?

hypotonic

Simple diffusion of molecules occurs

in nonliving systems as well as living systems.

____ is a carrier protein in the plasma membrane that moves certain ions into and out of animal cells and is important for nerve conduction.

sodium-potassium pump

What function does the nucleolus have?

synthesizes ribosomal RNA

Plant cells are connected to one another by

plasmodesmata

Which of the following is a possible function of the extracellular matrix in animal cells?

All of the answers are possible functions of the extracellular matrix.

Which of the following statements describes the function of a chloroplast?

It converts light energy into chemical energy.

A tube with a membrane covering the bottom is placed in a beaker. The membrane allows water to flow through but not salt or glucose. If the tube contains an aqueous solution with 4% salt and 20% glucose and the beaker contains an aqueous solution with 12% salt and 6% glucose, what would happen to the level of the water in the tube? (draw it out if you need to)

The level of the solution in the tube would rise because there are more dissolved solutes in the tube than the beaker.

What is the biological risk of using salt on icy roads in parts of the country that have a cold winter season?

The salt has the risk of leeching into the ground and creating a hypertonic environment for plant cells.

Which of the areas shown in the figure below indicates the presence of an enzyme?

c

Below is a diagram of a bacterium. What part of the bacterial cell does X represent?

capsule

Which one of the following molecules is able to move across the cell membrane by simple diffusion?

carbon dioxide

Enzymes are usually named based on the substrate that they bind. This is possible because

each type of enzyme binds only one specific substrate.

What type of microscope would be needed to view proteins within the cell?

electron microscope

The process by which substances are moved into a cell from the environment by phagocytosis, pinocytosis or receptor-mediated endocytosis.

endocytosis

Metabolic pathways are known for all of the following EXCEPT

enzymes to help raise the energy of activation.

When neurons release their neurotransmitters, they release them in secretory vesicles that fuse with the plasma membrane. What type of cellular transport is this?

exocytosis

A tadpole that is undergoing metamorphosis into a frog and no longer requires a tail. Which organelle would help assist in the tail loss?

lysosome

Which of the following is a correct match?

lysosomes - cellular digestion

There is an antibiotic called streptomycin that inhibits the function of bacterial ribosomes. Consequently, as the bacterial cells die, the person taking the antibiotics gets better. In other words, the antibiotic destroys bacteria by

not allowing them to produce proteins.

A white blood cell surrounds and engulfs a worn-out red blood cell. This process is called

phagocytosis.

What must materials pass through to enter or leave a cell?

plasma membrane

Since the plasma membrane blocks the passage of all but a few molecules with specific traits it is necessary for other molecules to pass through the membrane via ___

proteins

Pickles are often preserved in a 20-30% salt solution called brine. How does this method prevent contamination by microorganisms?

Bacteria can't survive in a hypertonic solution because they lose water.

Which statement below is correct when comparing plant and animal cells?

Both plant and animal cells have a plasma membrane, and plant cells also have a cell wall.

A cell being observed under a microscope has a cell wall, plasma membrane, ribosomes, and chromosomal material that is not found in a nucleus. Based on this information, the cell could be a

bacterial cell.

Without gap junctions in certain tissues,

cells would not be able to communicate with each other.

During an osmosis experiment in class, you look at some cells under the microscope. You notice the cells look shriveled. What type of solution were the cells immersed in?

hypertonic

A patient who is admitted to the hospital shares that she has been taking "water pills" to help her lose weight. Her skin and mucous membranes are dry, and she is complaining of a headache. The physician asks for an IV treatment to be promptly administered. Based on the information given, what would likely be the type of IV solution given to this patient?

hypotonic

The nucleus is a double membrane that encloses the DNA. Inside the nucleus the DNA acts as thetemplate to produce mRNA and ribosomes; to exit the nucleus these molecules must

pass through pores that span both membranes.