BIO150

Which of the following statements about innate immunity is true?

Innate immunity is present at birth

Which of the following can defend the body by either opsonizing bacteria, lysing bacteria, and/or promoting inflammation?

Neutrophils

Which of the following statements about fixed macrophages is FALSE?

They develop from neutrophils.

Histamine and kinins cause increased blood flow and capillary permeability. T or F?

True

Maturation of stem cells into mature blood cells occurs in the red bone marrow. T or F?

True

Microorganisms that are members of the normal microbiota are also known to cause disease. T or F?

True

All of the following pertain to fever EXCEPT that it

accelerates microbial growth by increasing iron absorption from the digestive tract.

Margination refers to

adherence of phagocytes to the lining of blood vessels.

All of the following are components of the inflammatory process EXCEPT

antibody synthesis.

A chill is a sign that

body temperature is rising.

Lysozyme and the antibiotic penicillin have similar mechanisms of action in that they both cause damage to the bacterial

cell wall

Which of the following is mismatched?

chemotaxis - chemical degradation inside a phagolysosome

Unbroken skin poses a substantial barrier to microbes. All of the following contribute to this barrier except _____________.

complement proteins found in perspiration

After ingesting a pathogen, lysosomal enzymes produce all of the following EXCEPT

complement.

If one is examining a blood smear from a patient with a parasitic worm infection, which of the following leukocytes would be found in increased numbers?

eosinophils

Which of the following is involved in resistance to parasitic helminths?

eosinophils

All of the following are effects of histamine EXCEPT

fever

Part complete Each of the following provides protection from phagocytic digestion EXCEPT

formation of phagolysosomes.

The swelling associated with inflammation decreases when the fluid

goes into lymph capillaries.

Which of the following is an effect of opsonization?

increased adherence of phagocytes to microorganisms

A child falls and suffers a deep cut on her leg. The cut went through her skin and she is bleeding. Which of the following defense mechanisms will participate in eliminating contaminating microbes?

phagocytosis in the inflammatory response

Neutrophils with defective lysosomes are unable to

produce toxic oxygen products.

Innate immunity includes all of the following EXCEPT

production of antibody.

Which one of the following compounds intensifies the effects of histamine and helps phagocytes migrate through capillary walls?

prostaglandins

Chronic inflammation can result in a(n) ________, which can cause impairment of normal tissue function.

scar tissue/fibrosis

Normal microbiota provide resistance to disease in all of the following ways except __________________.

serving as prebiotics

All of the following are true regarding NK cells EXCEPT

they destroy infected body cells by phagocytosis.

Death results if body temperature rises above

44° to 46° C.

A) Julie is preparing vegetables for dinner and accidentally cuts her finger. She washes it with soap and water before covering it with a bandage. A short while later, Julie notices that her finger is red, swollen, warm to the touch, and very painful. Which of the following describes the process going on in Julie's finger? B)Inflammation is part of the second line of defense that is activated when the first line of defense is breached. Julie's first-line defenses were damaged when her injury occurred. Which of the following represents the first line of defense? C)As mentioned previously, the second line of defense is activated when the first line of defense fails. In Part A, you identified one of these defenses as inflammation, which occurs when the body responds to a foreign antigen and increases fluid accumulation in a specific area. An added benefit of this excess fluid is that it also brings immune cells to the area to aid clearance of foreign antigens. In Julie's situation, that added fluid would bring immune cells to prevent any microbial infections that could be caused if microbes were introduced when she cut her finger. Which of the following cell types is NOT part of the second line of defense? D)The adaptive immune response, or third line of defense, is activated when the first and second lines of defense do not succeed in containing an infection. It is adaptive because the cells in this part of the immune system are capable of responding to specific pathogens. Another important feature of the third line is the ability of these cells to create memory cells. Why are memory cells an important product of an immune response? E)As you can see from this activity, the immune system is very complex and is made of many components. In this section, place each immune component in the appropriate bin.

A) inflammation B)skin and mucous membranes C)plasma cells D)Memory cells allow subsequent immune responses against the same antigen to occur more strongly and more quickly. E) sebum oil, sweat -- fever, NK cells-- B and T lymphocytes

TLRs attach to all of the following EXCEPT

AMPs

Which of the following statements concerning phagocytosis is true?

Bacteria are digested when the phagosome fuses with a lysosome.

Digestion of microorganisms occurs in phagosomes. T or F?

False

The dermis is composed of connective tissue and serves the primary purpose of providing direct protection from the external environment. T or F?

False

The inflammatory response can only be triggered by an infection. T or F?

False

All of the following protect the skin and mucous membranes from infection EXCEPT

HCl.

Innate immunity

is nonspecific and present at birth.

Phagocytes utilize all of the following to optimize interaction with (getting to and getting hold of) microorganisms EXCEPT

lysozyme

All of the following increase blood vessel permeability EXCEPT

lysozymes.

Which of the following exhibits the highest phagocytic activity?

macrophages

Leukotrienes are inflammatory vasoactive mediators produced by

mast cells and basophils

Macrophages arise from which of the following?

monocytes

Which non-specific defense mechanism is mismatched with its associated body structure or body fluid?

mucociliary escalator - intestines

Normal microbiota provide protection from infection in each of the following ways EXCEPT

they produce lysozyme.

The function of the "ciliary escalator" is to

trap inhaled dust and microorganisms in mucus and propel it away from the lower respiratory tract.

All of the following occur during inflammation. What is the first step?

vasodilation