BIO182 Chapter 40
cell body; dendrites
A neuron receives nerve impulses from other neurons via its _________ and __________.
torpor
A physiological state of decreased activity and metabolism that is an adaptation enabling animals to save energy while avoiding difficult and dangerous conditions is known as _________.
Absorption and secretion
An epithelial cell with a relatively large amount of cytoplasm probably has what function?
all of the above
An organ such as the heart or liver consists of __________. - epithelial tissue - connective tissue - nervous tissue - muscle tissue - all of the above
endothermic; ectothermic
An organism that generates body heat by means of its own metabolism is _________, and an organism that gains body heat from external sources is ________.
hypothalamus; higher
During a fever, the __________ readjusts the set point of the body to a __________ temperature.
interferes with heat loss by evaporation
Humid weather makes you feel warmer because humid air, which is saturated with water molecules, __________.
plasma; red and white blood cells
In blood, the matrix component is ________, and the cellular component contains _________.
the fluid that fills the spaces between cells of vertebrates
Interstitial fluid is __________.
bone; bone
Ligaments connect ________ to ________.
cartilage
Microscopic analysis of an unknown tissue sample reveals the presence of chondrocytes, indicating that the sample was probably taken from __________ tissue.
the ratio of surface area to cell volume is maximized
Most cells are microscopic because at this small size, __________.
proteins that play a major role in muscle contraction
Myosin and actin are __________.
the arrangement of the sarcomeres gives it a striped appearance
Skeletal muscle is said to be "striated" because __________.
nervous; endocrine
The __________ system and the __________ system work together to coordinate and control the bodies of most animals
to hold tissues and organs in place and to join adjacent tissues together
The main function(s) of connective tissues in the body is/are _________.
negative feedback
When a person's body temperature increases, sweating helps bring the temperature down. This is an example of __________.
Thyroid and salivary glands
Where in the body would you be most likely to find secretory cells shaped like dice?
A highly branched respiratory system
Which of the following characteristics is likely to be found in larger versus smaller animals? - A highly branched respiratory system - The lack of a skeleton - A body with a high surface-to-volume ratio - A flat shape like that of an amoeba - The lack of a respiratory system
Cells can specialize.
Which of the following is a benefit of multicellularity compared to organisms consisting of just one cell? - Cells can specialize. - Single-celled organisms are simpler and thus less likely to experience breakdown or disease. - Single-celled organisms can form tissues. - Single-celled organisms can grow to larger sizes than multicellular organisms. - All cells in a multicellular organism can perform all metabolic functions, thus maximizing metabolism.
Cell, tissue, organ, organ system
Which of the following lists of animal structures is ordered from smallest to largest? - Cell, tissue, organ, organ system - None of the listed responses is correct. - Organ, tissue, cell, organ system - Tissue, cell, organ, organ system - Organ system, organ, tissue, cell
Shrew
Which of the following mammals would you expect to have the highest basal metabolic rate (BMR)? - Shrew - Horse - Human - Elephant - Dog - Cat
Circulatory; coordination of body activities
Which of the following organ systems in mammals is mismatched with its function? - Circulatory; coordination of body activities - Excretory; disposal of metabolic wastes - Muscular; locomotion and other movements - Nervous; coordination of body activities - Digestive; food processing - Endocrine; coordination of body activities
Tendons; attach muscles to bones
Which of the following pairs of connective tissue and its function is correctly matched? - Tendons; attach muscles to bones - Adipose tissue; connects epithelia to underlying tissue - Bone; pads and insulates the body - Ligaments; attach muscles to bones - Tendons; attach muscles to other muscles
Hormone signals travel throughout the body, but neuron signals travel to specific locations.
Which of the following statements correctly describes a difference between hormone signaling and neuron signaling? - Hormone signals travel throughout the body, but neuron signals travel to specific locations. - Hormone signaling is rapid, and neuron signaling is much slower. - Neurons secrete hormones as signals, and endocrine cells transmit signals via axons. - Hormone response is limited to those cells that are connected by specialized junctions, whereas neuron response is limited to those cells that have specific receptors. - Hormone signals travel to specific locations, but neuron signals travel throughout the body
Simple squamous cells form a single layer, which is useful for gas exchange, and stratified squamous cells are multilayered and regenerate rapidly.
Which of the following statements correctly describes the differences between simple squamous cells and stratified squamous cells? - Simple squamous cells form a single layer, which is useful for gas exchange, and stratified squamous cells are multilayered and regenerate rapidly. - Simple squamous cells are cube-shaped, and stratified squamous cells are columnar. - Simple squamous cells are useful for absorption and secretion, and stratified squamous cells are useful for capturing particles with a mucous layer. - Simple squamous cells are columnar, and stratified squamous cells are cube-shaped. - Simple squamous cells are multilayered and regenerate rapidly, and stratified squamous cells form a single layer, which is useful for gas exchange.
Skeletal muscle consists of cells that each have a single nucleus.
Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding muscle tissue? - Skeletal muscle consists of cells that each have a single nucleus. - Cardiac muscle contains intercalated disks. - Smooth muscle is not striated. - Cardiac muscle is striated. - Skeletal muscle consists of cells with multiple nuclei.
Endocrine system; thyroid gland
Which of the following systems is correctly paired with one of its parts? - Endocrine system; thyroid gland - Excretory system; intestine - Integumentary system; kidneys - Respiratory system; heart - Circulatory system; lung
Bone
Which of the six major types of connective tissue has a rigid matrix that contains collagen and calcium salts?
Negative; tends to keep a system at a desirable "set point"
_________ feedback most directly maintains homeostasis because it __________.
