BIO252 weeks 3 and 4
Spinal nerves are what kind of nerves?
mixed nerves
Which of the following is not considered a region of the spinal cord?
Pelvic
Which cell body of the autonomic motor pathways is located in the Central Nervous System?
Preganglionic
Which area of the cerebrum is matched correctly with its function? Select all that apply.
Primary somatosensory area - proprioception, pressure, tickle and pain Primary motor area - voluntary muscle contraction
You can expect to see flushing of skin above the injury site (face, neck, etc) in a patient with autonomic dysreflexia.
True
Despite being a cranial nerve, the ____________ conveys parasympathetic information to the body's structures that are responsible for digestion, defecation, and diuresis.
Vagus Nerve
Which of the following cranial nerves extends through the inner acoustic meatus?
Vestibulocochlear
Aaron had been feeling dizzy and unable to maintain his balance. His doctor indicated to him he has a viral infection in his inner ear. Which of the following nerves is most likely affected by the virus based on Aaron's symptoms?
Vestibulocochlear Nerve
After suffering a blow to the back of the head, Phil loses his vision. The blow probably caused damage to the
occipital lobe
A reflex that causes reciprocal activation of the antagonist muscle is the
crossed-extensor
The specific patch of skin that is innervated by a specific spinal nerve is called a(n) ________.
dermatome
The dorsal root of spinal nerve contains:
only sensory fibers
Epineurium forms the _______ covering of the nerve.
outter
Joe begins to experience mood swings and disturbed thirst and hunger. Imaging studies indicate that a brain tumor is the likely cause of these disorders. In what part of the brain is the tumor most likely located?
hypothalamus
After suffering a stroke, Mark finds that he cannot move his right arm. This would suggest that the stroke damage is in the area of the ________ lobe.
left frontal
What type of nerves is found in the dorsal root?
Only afferent nerves
Where are the paired sympathetic trunk ganglia located?
Anterior and lateral to the vertebral column
Voluntary motor impulses leave the spinal cord via the _________ of gray matter.
Anterior horn
The hypothalamus affects which functions in the body? Select all that apply.
Body temperature Hunger and thirst Reflexes related to smell Control of the sympathetic and parasympathetic system
Which of the following brain structures consists of the medulla oblongata, pons, and midbrain?
Brainstem
Which functional area of the cerebrum is responsible for the ability to form words?
Broca's area
Spinocerebellar tract axons carry sensory information into the cerebellum by the ________________
Middle cerebellar peduncle
Which of the following cranial nerves extends through the optic canals of the sphenoid bone.
CN II
A disease that damages the cells of the anterior gray horn will
Cause paralysis or weakness in skeletal muscles
An image of the cross-section of a spinal cord would show anterior (or ventral) horns. What is in that region?
Cell bodies of motor neurons
The cortex, or the outermost region of the brain, is known as the:
Cerebrum
The substantia nigra releases the neurotransmitter __________which is active in pleasurable experiences and regulation of muscle tone.
Dopamine
Which of the following glial cells are directly involved in the production of cerebrospinal fluid?
Ependymal cells
What neurotransmitter is released from adrenergic neurons?
Epinephrine
Fred's girlfriend has a habit of rolling her eyes each time he says a joke. Fred jokes that her optic nerves are overworked. Is this true or false?
False
While playing rugby, Sonny is tackled hard. As he tries to get up, he finds that he has difficulty flexing and adducting his left thigh and extending his left leg. Which nerve innervating the lower limb may be damaged?
Femoral Nerve
Which areas of the medulla oblongata are activated as a gymnast walks along a narrow plank? Select all that apply.
Gracile nucleus Vestibular nuclei Inferior olivary nucleus Pyramids
Unlike the spinal cord, the outer portion of the brain is made up of _________ matter, while the inner portion is made up of _________ matter.
Gray, White
What are the autonomic motor pathways?
Hypogastric plexus Superior mesenteric ganglion and plexus Celiac ganglion and plexus Renal ganglion and plexus
Which of the following is not considered a voluntary action?
Increasing your heart rate
Which of the following is not a function associated with the spinal cord?
Integrate sensory information at the conscious level
What is true about the spinothalamic tract?
It is an ascending pathway that carries sensory information
Which of the following structures is not considered a secondary vesicle?
Prosencephalon
An unlearned and involuntary but predictable motor response to a stimulus that is rapid and does not involve any processing by the brain:
Spinal Reflex
What type of ganglia belongs to the parasympathetic nervous system?
Terminal ganglia
The ______________ is the primary relay station for sensory information coming into the cerebral cortex.
Thalamus
Which adult structure(s) arises from the diencephalon?
Thalamus, hypothalamus, retina
Which of the following conveys sensory information to the brain and spinal cord?
The afferent division of the peripheral nervous system
Which of the following is true for preganglionic neurons?
The axons are myelinated in both divisions of the ANS They merge with the anterior root of a spinal nerve to form short segments known as white rami communicantes
What is linked to the posterior gray horn of the spinal cord?
The dorsal root of the spinal nerve that carries sensory fibers
The spinal cord is housed within which structure?
The vertebral canal
What do neurons in the precentral gyrus do?
They allow conscious control of skilled voluntary muscle movements
What are the ascending tracts and what do they do?
White matter that transmits sensory information to the brain
All ventricles of the brain are paired, except for which one?
the fourth ventricle
