BIO252 weeks 3 and 4

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Spinal nerves are what kind of nerves?

mixed nerves

Which of the following is not considered a region of the spinal cord?

Pelvic

Which cell body of the autonomic motor pathways is located in the Central Nervous System?

Preganglionic

Which area of the cerebrum is matched correctly with its function? Select all that apply.​

Primary somatosensory area - proprioception, pressure, tickle and pain Primary motor area - voluntary muscle contraction

You can expect to see flushing of skin above the injury site (face, neck, etc) in a patient with autonomic dysreflexia.​

True

Despite being a cranial nerve, the ____________ conveys parasympathetic information to the body's structures that are responsible for digestion, defecation, and diuresis.

Vagus Nerve

Which of the following cranial nerves extends through the inner acoustic meatus?

Vestibulocochlear

Aaron had been feeling dizzy and unable to maintain his balance. His doctor indicated to him he has a viral infection in his inner ear. Which of the following nerves is most likely affected by the virus based on Aaron's symptoms?

Vestibulocochlear Nerve

After suffering a blow to the back of the head, Phil loses his vision. The blow probably caused damage to the

occipital lobe

A reflex that causes reciprocal activation of the antagonist muscle is the

crossed-extensor

The specific patch of skin that is innervated by a specific spinal nerve is called a(n) ________.

dermatome

The dorsal root of spinal nerve contains:​

only sensory fibers

Epineurium forms the _______ covering of the nerve.

outter

Joe begins to experience mood swings and disturbed thirst and hunger. Imaging studies indicate that a brain tumor is the likely cause of these disorders. In what part of the brain is the tumor most likely located? ​

hypothalamus

After suffering a stroke, Mark finds that he cannot move his right arm. This would suggest that the stroke damage is in the area of the ________ lobe.

left frontal

What type of nerves is found in the dorsal root?​

Only afferent nerves​

Where are the paired sympathetic trunk ganglia located?​

Anterior and lateral to the vertebral column​

Voluntary motor impulses leave the spinal cord via the _________ of gray matter.

Anterior horn

The hypothalamus affects which functions in the body? Select all that apply.​

Body temperature Hunger and thirst Reflexes related to smell​ Control of the sympathetic and parasympathetic system

Which of the following brain structures consists of the medulla oblongata, pons, and midbrain?​

Brainstem

Which functional area of the cerebrum is responsible for the ability to form words?​

Broca's area

Spinocerebellar tract axons carry sensory information into the cerebellum by the ________________​

Middle cerebellar peduncle

Which of the following cranial nerves extends through the optic canals of the sphenoid bone.

CN II

A disease that damages the cells of the anterior gray horn will

Cause paralysis or weakness in skeletal muscles

An image of the cross-section of a spinal cord would show anterior (or ventral) horns. What is in that region?

Cell bodies of motor neurons​

The cortex, or the outermost region of the brain, is known as the:​

Cerebrum

The substantia nigra releases the neurotransmitter __________which is active in pleasurable experiences and regulation of muscle tone.​

Dopamine

Which of the following glial cells are directly involved in the production of cerebrospinal fluid?​

Ependymal cells

What neurotransmitter is released from adrenergic neurons?​

Epinephrine

Fred's girlfriend has a habit of rolling her eyes each time he says a joke. Fred jokes that her optic nerves are overworked. Is this true or false?

False

While playing rugby, Sonny is tackled hard. As he tries to get up, he finds that he has difficulty flexing and adducting his left thigh and extending his left leg. Which nerve innervating the lower limb may be damaged?​

Femoral Nerve

Which areas of the medulla oblongata are activated as a gymnast walks along a narrow plank? Select all that apply.​

Gracile nucleus Vestibular nuclei​ Inferior olivary nucleus Pyramids

Unlike the spinal cord, the outer portion of the brain is made up of _________ matter, while the inner portion is made up of _________ matter.​

Gray, White

What are the autonomic motor pathways?

Hypogastric plexus​ Superior mesenteric ganglion and plexus​ Celiac ganglion and plexus​ Renal ganglion and plexus​

Which of the following is not considered a voluntary action?

Increasing your heart rate​

Which of the following is not a function associated with the spinal cord?

Integrate sensory information at the conscious level​

What is true about the spinothalamic tract?​

It is an ascending pathway that carries sensory information

Which of the following structures is not considered a secondary vesicle?​

Prosencephalon

An unlearned and involuntary but predictable motor response to a stimulus that is rapid and does not involve any processing by the brain:​

Spinal Reflex​

What type of ganglia belongs to the parasympathetic nervous system?​

Terminal ganglia​

The ______________ is the primary relay station for sensory information coming into the cerebral cortex.

Thalamus

Which adult structure(s) arises from the diencephalon?​

Thalamus, hypothalamus, retina

Which of the following conveys sensory information to the brain and spinal cord?

The afferent division of the peripheral nervous system

Which of the following is true for preganglionic neurons?

The axons are myelinated in both divisions of the ANS They merge with the anterior root of a spinal nerve to form short segments known as white rami communicantes​

What is linked to the posterior gray horn of the spinal cord?​

The dorsal root of the spinal nerve that carries sensory fibers​

The spinal cord is housed within which structure?

The vertebral canal

What do neurons in the precentral gyrus do?

They allow conscious control of skilled voluntary muscle movements

What are the ascending tracts and what do they do?

White matter that transmits sensory information to the brain

All ventricles of the brain are paired, except for which one?

the fourth ventricle


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