Biochem Quiz 3
ADP
A molecule that can be phosphorylated as a means of temporarily storing energy
Cyclic sequence
A series of reactions regenerates the initial reactant
Water
After O2 has been reduced in the electron transport chain, the oxygen atoms are part of what molecule
Oxaloacetate
At the start of the citric acid cycle, acetyl CoA combines with
Lyase
Enzyme class for step 1
Oxidoreductase
Enzyme class for step 4
Ligase
Enzyme class for step 5
Oxidoreductase
Enzyme class for step 6
Lyase
Enzyme class for step 7
Oxidoreductase
Enzyme class for step 8
Citrate synthase
Enzyme for step 1
Aconitase
Enzyme for step 2
Isocitrate dehydrogenase
Enzyme for step 3
Alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase
Enzyme for step 4
Succinyl CoA synthase
Enzyme for step 5
Succinate dehydrogenase
Enzyme for step 6
Fumarase
Enzyme for step 7
Malate dehydrogenase
Enzyme for step 8
Lyase
Enzymes class for step 2
Oxidoreductase
Enzymes class for step 3
1
Every turn of the citric acid cycle directly produces _____ high energy molecules
Negative, are
Exergonic reactions are those that have a _______ value of G and ________ spontaneous
Carbon-carbon oxidations
FAD is a coenzyme for
Malate, isocitrate, citrate
Identify the participants in the citric acid cycle that contain alcohol groups
Reduced coenzymes, CO₂
In addition to producing ATP, the citric acid cycle produces ________ as high energy molecules and ______ as its major chemical waste product
GTP, FADH₂, NADH/H+, oxaloacetate
In steps5-8 of the citric acid cycle, the high-energy molecules _____________, _________ and _____ are produced and ________ is regenerated to begin another turn of the cycle
3 and 4
In the citric acid cycle, CO2 is lost in steps
GTP
In the citric acid cycle, substrate-level phosphorylation initially produces
Isomerization
In the citric acid cycle, the conversion of citrate to isocitrate is
Hydration
In the citric acid cycle, the conversion of fumarate to malate is a
Oxidative decarboxylation
In the citric acid cycle, the conversion of isocitrate to alpha-ketoglutarate
Acetyl CoA, citric acid cycle intermediates, pyruvate
In which forms can the products of amino aid catabolism join the central metabolism pathway?
Catabolism
Metabolic processes that break down large molecules, thereby releasing energy
Anabolism
Metabolic processes that consume energy in order to build molecules
Carbon-oxygen oxidations
NAD+ is a coenzyme for
Secondary alcohols, ketones
NAD+ oxidizes ________ to ______
Acetyl-SCoA
Name a molecule not directly involved in the electron transport chain
Citrate synthase, aconitase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex
Name the first 4 enzymes of CAC
Succinyl CoA synthase, succinate dehydrogenase, fumarase, malate dehydrogenase
Name the last 4 enzymes of CAC
Substrate-level phosphorylation
Occurs in step 5, storage of energy in phosphate bonds
Citrate
Product for step 1
Isocitrate
Product for step 2
Alpha-ketoglutarate
Product for step 3
Succinyl-CoA
Product for step 4
Succinate
Product for step 5
Fumarate
Product for step 6
Malate
Product for step 7
Oxaloacetate
Product for step 8
Acetyl-CoA, citric acid cycle, CO₂
Pyruvate converted to ___________, which enters _____________ and is oxidized to __________
Acetyl-CoA
Pyruvate enters the citric acid cycle as
Oxaloacetate
Reactant for step 1
Citrate
Reactant for step 2
Isocitrate
Reactant for step 3
Alpha-ketoglutarate
Reactant for step 4
Succinyl-CoA
Reactant for step 5
Succinate
Reactant for step 6
Fumarate
Reactant for step 7
Malate
Reactant for step 8
3,4, 6, 8
Reduced coenzymes are produced in steps _____ of the citric acid cycle
Digestion, acetyl-SCoA production, citric acid cycle, ATP production
Sequence that illustrates the order of the steps from food to biochemically useful energy
Condensation
Step 1 is a __________ (type of reaction) due to input of water
5, GTP
Step ____ is the energy producing step. ______ functions like ATP
Catabolism
The biochemical process in which complex molecules are broken down into simpler one and energy is released
NAD+
The coenzyme involved in the conversion of malate to oxaloacetate
FAD
The coenzyme involved in the conversion of succinate to fumarate
NAD+, FAD, CoA
The coenzymes used in the citric acid cycle
Acetyl-SCoA
The common molecule produced from all foods at the second stage of catabolism
Complex 1, CoQ, Complex III, cytochrome C, complex IV
The electrons brought into the election transport chain are transferred in the following order
2, 3, 1, 1
The end products of the citric acid cycle are ______ CO2, ______ NADH, _____ FADH2, ______ GTP
Acetyl-SCoA
The molecule produced from digestion products in the second stage of catabolism
Proton pumping across the inner membrane
The movement of electrons through the electron transport chain is accompanied by
2
The number of ATP's produced from the oxidation of FAD
3
The number of ATP's produced from the oxidation of NAD+ is
12
The number of ATPs produced in one turn of the citric acid cycle
NAD+
The oxidized form of NADH
Oxidative phosphorylation
The process of converting ADP to ATP in the mitochondrion takes place by
Exergonic, endergonic
The purpose of coupling two biochemical reactions is to use an ________ reaction to drive an ________ reaction
Electron transport chain, oxidative phosphorylation
The reduced coenzymes that are generated by oxidation of acetyl-CoA enter the ____________ and are used in production of ATP by ___________
FADH₂
The reduced form of FAD
Citric acid cycle
The stage of catabolism in which acetyl-SCoA is oxidized to produce ATP, reduced coenzymes, and carbon dioxide
Digestion
The stage of catabolism in which complex food molecules are broken down into simpler substances for transport and/or further reaction
ATP
The universal energy currency of the cell: a molecule used to transfer energy
oxidize NADH
Under anaerobic conditions, pyruvate undergoes reduction reactions in order to
With an exergonic reaction
Under which conditions can an endergonic reaction occur?
FADH₂
What is the form of FAD after dehydrogenation?
NADH/H+
What is the form of NAD+ after dehydrogenation?
Reduced, oxidizing
When a molecule is dehydrogenated, FAD is _______ and acts as a _________ agent
Reduced, oxidized
When a molecule is dehydrogenated, NAD+ is ______ and acts as a ______ agent
NAD+
________ is involved with the formation of a carbonyl double bond
FAD
________ is the coenzyme involved with the formation of a carbon-carbon double bond
Electron transport chain
the stage of catabolism in which the energy stored in reduced coenzymes is converted to ATP
Pyruvate, glycolysis
Carbohydrates are digested in the mouth, stomach, and small intestine to yield sugars, which are degraded in the cytosol to ________ via _________
Complex 1 and 3 Complex 2 and 3
Coenzyme Q carries electrons between which stages of ETC
Isocitrate to alpha-ketoglutarate Alpha-ketoglutarate to succinyl CoA
Which of the following reactions of the citric acid cycle is a decarboxylation?
Succinyl CoA to succinate
Which reaction of the citric acid cycle generates the high energy molecule GTP?
Fumarate to malate
Which reaction of the citric acid cycle involves the addition of water across the double bond?
7
Which steps involve a hydration reaction?
3,4
Which steps involve decarboxylation?
3,4, 6, 8
Which steps involve oxidation reactions?
