biol 10

Which of the following best describes potential energy?

Stored energy or energy that has the ability to do work because of its position

What feature most distinguishes the different types of organic nutrients from each other?

The attachment of different functional groups

Which of the following best describes energy?

The capacity or power to do work, or to transfer power elsewhere

Which of the following best describes kinetic energy?

The energy of motion

Select the three components that are found in all amino acids.

Variable R group Amino group Carboxyl group

Select all of the following that are typically found in energy drinks.

Vitamins Minerals

Of the following summaries of energy drink ingredients, select that which is LEAST likely to be included.

Water, sugars, fats, and proteins

Where do nutrients store their energy?

Within the chemical bonds of their molecule structure

The molecule that serves as the energy currency of cells is abbreviated as

ATP

Which of the following best describes the structure of ATP?

ATP molecules are composed of a ribose sugar, a nitrogen-containing adenine molecule, and three phosphate groups.

Which of the following is a role that proteins play in living organisms?

Act as enzymes to digest nutrient molecules

Proteins can play many diverse roles in cells. Select all of the following that are functions of proteins.

Act as signaling molecules in our nervous system Function as enzymes in the digestive system

Select all of the following components of a molecule of ATP.

Adenine Ribose sugar Three phosphate groups

Which of the following is one of the major classes of energy nutrients that the body digests for energy production?

Carbohydrates

Which of the following statements best describes the structure of carbohydrates?

Carbohydrates are composed of one or more monosaccharides, which are small ringed structures that have carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio.

Which of the following describes one of the roles that lipids play in living organisms?

Compose the plasma membrane of cells

Select all of the following molecules that are considered polymers.

DNA Polysaccharides Proteins

Select all of the following molecules that are considered polymers.

DNA Proteins Polysaccharides

Which of the following types of reactions occurs when individual nucleotide monomers join together to form a strand of RNA, a large nucleic acid polymer?

Dehydration synthesis reaction

Based on the First Law of Thermodynamics, select all of the following that apply to energy.

Energy can be transferred. Energy can be transformed.

Select all of the following that are examples of carbohydrates.

Glucose Starch Lactose

Which of the following is an example of a carbohydrate?

Glycogen

Which of the following types of reactions uses water to break apart polymers into their individual monomers?

Hydrolytic reactions

Select all of the following roles that lipids play in living organisms.

Make up the plasma membrane of cells Hormone production Energy storage

From the following list, select all of those that are good sources of dietary proteins.

Peanut butter Chicken drumsticks Beef jerky

Select all of the following that are classes of lipids.

Phospholipids Cholesterol Triglycerides

Select all of those molecules from the list that are examples of lipids.

Phospholipids Oils Cholesterol

Select the examples of polymers- molecules made of smaller subunits.

Proteins DNA Lipids

Select the three major classes of energy nutrients from the list provided.

Proteins Lipids Carbohydrates

Which of the following is one of the main roles of carbohydrates within living organisms?

Providing a source of energy for life processes

Select all of the following roles that carbohydrates fulfill within living organisms.

Providing energy storage in plants and animals Providing energy for life processes Providing structural support for plants

Which of the following best describes a functional group?

Special combinations of atoms that attach to hydrocarbon chains and rings to form organic nutrients

Which of the following describe the First Law of Thermodynamics?

States that energy cannot be created or destroyed

Proteins are made of "building blocks" called

amino

Proteins are organic nutrient molecules that are composed of individual units called

amino acids

The following list shows the different classes of lipids. Which one does NOT belong?

atp

The molecule that is responsible for all of the energy-requiring processes of a cell is called

atp

Organic molecules must contain

both carbon and hydrogen atoms.

Organic energy nutrients that contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio are called

carbohydrates

Organic nutrient molecules that provide an energy source to cells, as well as provide structural support, are called

carbohydrates

The energy contained within the glucose bonds found in some food molecules is called

chemical

The process of photosynthesis converts solar energy into -- energy, which is the energy form that is usable by organisms for life processes.

chemical

Nutrients store energy in the nuclei of their atoms.

false

True or False: Carbohydrates have carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:4:1 ratio.

false

The special combinations of atoms that provide organic molecules with their specific characteristics are called

functional

Special combinations of atoms that are found attached to hydrocarbon chains or rings are called

functional groups.

Select the two atoms that are found in all organic molecules.

hydrogen carbon

During digestion, food nutrients are broken down by _____ reactions.

hydrolytic

In order for energy nutrients to be reused by the body, they must first be broken down through chemical means called

hydrolytic

When referring to molecules, the term "organic" means

it contains both carbon and hydrogen.

The mechanical energy of movement is called

kinetic

Statements that use information obtained from theories to describe how natural events occur are called

laws

Statements that use information obtained from theories to develop descriptions of natural phenomenon are called

laws

Fats, oils, and cholesterol are nutrient molecules called

lipids

Organic nutrient molecules that provide energy storage, cell membrane function, and hormone production are called

lipids

The energy that is possessed by an object because of its motion or its position is called

mechanical

Glucose is an example of a type of molecule called a ___ because it bonds together to form long chains of starch.

monomer

Chemical bonds join small molecules called

monomers

Small molecular subunits called --- form chemical bonds to make larger polymers.

monomers

The smaller individual units that combine to form complex carbohydrates are called

monosaccharides

The three types of carbohydrates include

monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides.

Molecules that are composed of carbon and hydrogen atoms and provide energy for life processes are called

organic

Large molecules that are composed of two or more repeating smaller units are called

polymers

large molecules that are composed of two or more repeating smaller units are called

polymers

Energy that is stored and has the possibility of doing work is called

potential

Many amino acids join together to form

protein

Lipids are organic nutrient molecules that

provide energy storage, cell membrane function, and hormone production.

The original source of energy for nearly all life on Earth is

solar

Accepted explanations for aspects of the natural world are called

theories

An accepted explanation for natural phenomenon that has been continually tested and verified is called a(n)

theory

During a hydrolytic reaction,

water splits into hydrogen and hydroxide, each of which bond to individual monomers of a polymer, breaking them apart.

The prefix "hydro-" means _____, while the suffix "-lytic" means _____. These describe the steps involved in hydrolytic reactions.

water; to break apart