BIOL 105 Exam 1

Classify the following characteristics of polysaccharides based on which class they are describing. Cellulose

(provides structural support for plants) (long chains with alternating up/down positioning atoms, structure allows for hydrogen bonding and greater strength) Starch (provides energy for plants and branched or long chained structure) Glycogen (provides energy storage for animals and high branched structure) All( composed of multiple glucose molecules)

If neutral atoms become positive ions, they

gain electrons. lose electrons. gain protons. lose protons. do not change.

Which sequence of classification categories is in the proper order from least to most inclusive?

genus, class, kingdom, domain, order, phylum, species, family domain, class, genus, family, species, order, phylum, kingdom species, genus, family, order, class, phylum, kingdom, domain genus, species, order, class, family, kingdom, domain, phylum species, genus, family, class, order, phylum, kingdom, domain

Which nutrient source is the easiest one for humans to break down and form ATP?

glucose protein cellulose phospholipids chitin

When you are overheated, you perspire, and when you are too cold, you shiver to generate heat. Which property of life is best represented by this example?

homeostasis development behavior organization adaptation

Which answer choice lists the steps of the scientific method in the correct order?

hypothesis, observation, experiment, conclusion, data collection conclusion, hypothesis, observation, experiment, data collection observation, hypothesis, experiment, data collection, conclusion observation, experiment, hypothesis, conclusion, data collection data collection, conclusion, hypothesis, experiment, observation

Which organelles have a 9 + 2 pattern of microtubules?

ilia and centrioles cilia and flagella centrioles and flagella chloroplasts and mitochondria mitochondria and centrioles

To measure the activity of the human brain during certain thought processes, a short-lived radioactive sugar is injected in the carotid artery and is utilized by those cells that are most active. This shows up on a PET scan and demonstrates the detection of

ionic bonds. high levels of radiation. covalent bonds. neutrons. isotopes.

The water strider is an insect that skates across the water without sinking. The tips of its feet must be coated with molecules that are

ions. hydrophilic. hydrophobic. basic. acidic.

The atomic mass of an element

is determined by the number of protons and neutrons contained in the nucleus. equals the number of protons plus the number of electrons. equals the number of neutrons. changes after each reaction. depends on the number of electrons in the outermost shell.

A multicellular, photosynthetic organism with complex, specialized cells and tissues would most likely be assigned to

kingdom Animalia. kingdom Fungi. domain Archaea. kingdom Protista. kingdom Plantae.

Compared with a eukaryotic cell, a prokaryotic cell

lacks organelles beyond ribosomes. is larger. does not require energy. is not living. has no method of movement.

Thylakoids and cristae are, respectively, structures of

lysosomes and the endoplasmic reticulum. the nucleus and nucleolus. chloroplasts and mitochondria. mitochondria and chloroplasts. the cell wall and the plasma membrane.

Tissues that produce large amounts of secretions, such as the gastric glands of the stomach, contain cells with large numbers of

lysosomes. nucleoli. centrioles. mitochondria. Golgi apparatus.

Kinesin and dynein are associated with

microtubules. actin filaments. Golgi apparatus. intermediate filaments. endoplasmic reticulum.

Which cellular structure is responsible for packaging materials within the cell?

mitochondria chloroplasts Golgi apparatus ribosomes lysosomes

Proteins are processed and modified in the interior of the

mitochondria. nucleus. chloroplasts. rough endoplasmic reticulum. smooth endoplasmic reticulum.

Glycogen is a

monosaccharide used for quick energy. protein found in cell membranes. polysaccharide used to store glucose/energy. fat found in margarine. nucleic acid found in the nucleus of a cell.

The pH of blood is slightly alkaline. Which of the following would therefore be an expected pH for blood?

6.4 4.6 4.7 7.4 13.8

Place the correct word in each sentence to describe the relationship between surface area and the volume of a cell. Choices may be used more than once.

Cells need a large surface area to allow nutrients inside and wastes outside. As cell size decreases the surface area increases. This means that smaller cells are more efficient because they have an adequate sized membrane compared to their volume. Thus, actively metabolizing cells are typically much smaller than their counterparts.

Classify the following characteristics of polysaccharides based on which class they are describing.

Cellulose (provides structural supports for plants, long chains with alternating up/dowm positioning of oxygen atoms, structure allows for hydrogen bonding and greater strength) Starch (provides energy storage plants, branched or long chained structure) Glycogen (provides energy storage for animals, highly branched structure) All(compose of multiple glucose molecules)

The final shape of a protein is very important to its function. When proteins undergo an irreversible change in shape called ________________ they ________________ perform their usual functions.

naturation/can naturation/cannot denaturation/can denaturation/cannot

The nucleus of an atom contains

neutrons and electrons. electrons only. protons, neutrons, and electrons. protons and neutrons. neutrons only.

Which of these is unique to plant cells?

nucleus centrioles cell membrane Golgi apparatus Chloroplasts

An unmanned spacecraft has been sent to another planet to detect new life forms. If the probe could only send back one image, which property or properties of life would be observable in the picture?

organization homeostasis and metabolism growth response to stimuli

Which of the following is a prokaryotic cell?

plant cell liver cell muscle cell paramecium bacterium

Which structure regulates passage of molecules into and out of the bacterial cell?

plasma membrane nucleus mitochondria chloroplast flagella

All the banded sunfish (Enneacanthus obesus) in a pond would comprise a(n)

population ecosystem. community. biosphere. species.

A compound would make a good antibiotic if it affects a structure or process only found in bacterial cells and not in our eukaryotic cells. Which of the following actions would theoretically make a good antibiotic?

prevents repair of the peptidoglycan cell wall damages the nuclear membrane damages DNA prevents ribosomes from producing proteins

Hemoglobin is a protein composed of two pairs of polypeptide chains. What is the highest level of protein structure represented by hemoglobin?

primary secondary tertiary quaternary molecular

The _____ structure of a protein consists of a strand of amino acids forming an alpha helix or pleated sheet.

primary secondary tertiary quaternary molecular

Ribosomes are composed of

DNA and RNA. DNA and protein. only protein. RNA and protein only DNA.

Mitochondria are bounded by a double membrane. The inner-filled space is called the matrix, which contains ______________ that break down carbohydrate products, releasing _______________ to be used for ATP production.

DNA/energy ribosomes/carbon dioxide RNA/energy enzymes/energy

Classify the following functions depending on the type of lipid to which they apply. Labels may be used more than once.

Fats ( Function in energy storage molecules, are hydrophobic, and originate from animals, solid at room temperature) Phospholipids (Are hydrophobic. The primary components of cellular membranes, have a polar head and a nonpolar tail) Steroids ( Includes the sex hormones, are hydrophobic and have a backbone of four fused carbon rings)

Which organelle will give off oxygen and use up carbon dioxide in plants?

Golgi apparatus rough endoplasmic reticulum lysosome mitochondrion chloroplast

Cellular respiration is most closely associated with the

Golgi apparatus. ribosome. mitochondrion. chloroplast. microtubule.

For each scenario below, decide if it is describing a theory or a hypothesis and classify it accordingly.

Hypothesis (these are plausible explanations for a single natural event, a scientist notice that a certain mold is inhibiting bacterial growth and suggest that the mold is producing antibiotic substances, a researcher notices that her plant has stopped growing and wonders if it could be because of a lack of sunlight) Theory (These are accepted explanations for how the worlds works, Years of evidence have demonstrated that all living things are comprised of cells, research has demonstrated that all living things have a common ancestor)

If a new anti-cancer drug is found to be effective in initial tests with mice, what might researchers conclude?

If the drug was effective in a large number of mice, it will therefore be effective in humans. If the drug was effective in a small proportion of mice, it will be effective in a small proportion of humans. The mice have provided a positive control in this experiment that proves the drug is effective in humans. The drug is effective in the mouse model; it must still be tested in humans. The effect of the drug on mice has no bearing on the effect of the drug on humans.

Complete the following paragraph to describe the components necessary for a controlled scientific experiment. Responses may be used more than once.

Investigators want to study the effects of a new growth hormone on mice. To do this, they select a population of mice that are genetically identical. One subset of the group, Group A, receives the newly developed growth hormone. This group is called a test group. One subset of the group, Group C, receives no growth hormones of any kind. This group is called the control group. One subset of the group, Group B, receives an already proven growth hormone. This group is called a test group. Once results are analyzed, the findings show that Group A experiences a 20% increase in growth, Group B experiences a 10% increase in growth, and Group C experiences no increase in growth. These results show that the new growth hormone had a positive effect on growth and works better than the old growth hormone.

Nutrient molecules obtained from the food we eat are used to build cellular structures or for energy. This best represents which characteristic of life?

Living things acquire materials and energy from the environment. Living things are homeostatic. Living things are adapted. Living things grow and develop. Living things respond to stimuli.

Place the steps listed on the right in the order of the scientific method.

Make Observations, Formulate a hypothesis. Design and execute an experiment, collect and interpret data and form conclusions.

Which of the following is true concerning the cell theory?

Matthias Schleiden stated that animals are composed of cells. Anton van Leeuwenhoek is recognized for making some of the earliest microscopes. Hooke researched animal tissues and discovered that they were all made of cells. Theodor Schwann came to the conclusion that cells come from preexisting cells.

The endosymbiotic theory argues that prokaryotic cells became some of the organelles of early eukaryotic cells. Which of the following supports this theory?

Mitochondria and chloroplasts are similar to bacteria in size and structure. Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA. The DNA of mitochondria and chloroplasts is a circular loop like that of prokaryotes. The ribosomes of mitochondria and chloroplasts resemble those of prokaryotes. All the answers support the endosymbiotic theory.

Brock's father has inherited a mitochondrial disease. Is Brock in danger of also having this disease?

No

The following descriptions are of various sources that are available for writing a scientific paper. Rank them in order from most to least reliable.

One of the leading academic journals within the field of biology A university-sponsored website with references listed A university-sponsored website without references listed A friend's social media post that lacks a reference A website that sells herbal supplements

Which of the following represents a potential threat to biodiversity?

People construct artificial reefs to support marine life. Humans clear land for agriculture and housing. Energy flows through an ecosystem, with much lost as heat. Tropical rain forests and coral reefs are found where solar energy is the most abundant. In a food chain, one organism feeds on another.

Place each of the following characteristics into the correct kingdom

Plantae ( Photosynthetic, Ferns and algae) Animalia (Multicellular food ingesters and Cats and humans) Fungi ( Multicellular decomposers and molds and mushrooms) Protista (Range from unicellular to multicellular photosynthetic or not and Euglena and Paramecium)

Organize the levels of classification listed on the right in descending order to least inclusive to most inclusive

Species, genus, family, order, class, phylum ,kingdom and domain

Some students consume large amounts of coffee and so-called energy drinks to help them stay alert when studying. You notice that many who engage in this practice seem to do poorly on exams. Suppose you want to investigate the relationship between caffeine consumption and exam performance. Which of the following statements would be an appropriate hypothesis?

Students who consume large amounts of caffeine while studying will have lower exam scores than those who consume less caffeine. One should avoid consuming too much caffeine while studying. Too much caffeine is harmful to your health. Many students consume large amounts of caffeine while studying.

The following graph depicts the results from an experiment testing the impacts of varying dosages of a medicine. Complete the paragraph to describe the graph and its results. Answer choices may be used more than once or not at all.

The X-axis shows the independent variable, or the amount of medicine received, while the Y-axis shows the dependent variable, or the average recovery time. Each bar contains a(n) error bar(s) that indicates the variation in average recovery time for that treatment. The placebo group received no treatment because it served as a control for comparison. Compared to the placebo group, the high dose group showed the greatest change in average recovery time. The average recovery time for the low dose group is not significantly different than the placebo group, as indicated by the overlapping error bar(s).

Radiation can be beneficial or harmful, depending on its application. For each statement listed on the right, decide if it is true or false and classify it accordingly.

True ( High levels of radiation can harm the DNA of cells, resulting cancer, high levels of radiation directed to specific locations can kill cancer cells, low levels of radiation can be used for diagnostic purposes, foods are often radiated before consumption to kill bacteria and fungi) False (Although large levels of radiation were released in Japan in 2011 following earthquakes, it poses no long reaching effects on humans, radiation of fruits for ripening purpose pose major risk to human, Radiation of fruits for ripening purposes major health risk to humans, Microwaves computers, and other electronic devices release large enough amounts of radiation to pose health risk to humans)

Using the terms listed on the left, place the correct word into each sentence to describe the properties of water. Responses may be used more than once.

Water has many unique properties and is the most abundant compound in living organisms. Because it is a polar compound, individual water molecules are attracted to one another by hydrogen bonds. Because of the high number of these hydrogen bonds, water is cohesive, meaning the molecules cling together. Water also has a high heat of vaporization, keeping the body from overheating. Water can also be used as a solvent for polar molecules.

Ever since the antibiotic drug penicillin was discovered in 1928, the incidence of resistant bacteria has steadily increased as a direct result of

biodiversity. natural selection. homeostasis. development. reproduction.

All of the populations of various species living within a given area constitute a(n)

biosphere. ecosystem. population. domain. community.

You are conducting an experiment to determine which brand of fertilizer results in the greatest amount of fruit production by tomato plants. In this example, the response variable would be the

brand of fertilizer. unfertilized tomato plants. fertilized tomato plants. amount of fruit produced by the tomato plants.

Enzymes are organic compounds classified nucleic acids.

carbohydrates. lipids. steroids. proteins.

A physician specializes in surgery involving the following group of organs: mouth, esophagus, stomach, and intestines. Overall, what is the highest level of organization that this physician is specialized in?

cell tissue organ organ system

The smallest structural and functional unit in a multicellular organism is a(n)

cell. tissue. organ. organ system. organism.

Which sequence correctly lists the different levels of biological organization, from the smallest and simplest to the largest and most complex?

cells-organs-tissues-organ systems-organism cells-tissues-organ systems-organs-organism tissues-cells-organs-organ systems-organism tissues-organs-organ systems-organism-cells cells-tissues-organs-organ systems-organism

The motor molecules associated with actin filaments in muscle cells are called

centrosomes. centrioles. dynein. myosin. kinesin.

The "powerhouse" of the cell is the

chloroplast. mitochondrion. Golgi apparatus. ribosome. centriole.

You notice that rain water forms "beads" on your car. This is an example of what property of water?

cohesion dissociation high heat of vaporization adhesion solvent

Centrioles

consist of a 9 + 2 pattern. are short cylinders of microtubules surrounding a hollow center. carry on cellular respiration. are found in plant cells. are composed of actin.

Which of the following domains contains organisms that are adapted to life in extreme environment

domain Archaea, domain Bacteria, domain Eukarya, domain Animalia, domain Plantaenments

The two isotopes shown below differ in the number of electrons.

electrons. protons. neutrons. carbon atoms. ionic bonds.

If an active cell produces an important protein for secretion, what is the correct sequence of organelles that are involved in the production of the protein?

endoplasmic reticulum → ribosomes → Golgi apparatus ribosomes → endoplasmic reticulum → Golgi apparatus endoplasmic reticulum → Golgi apparatus → ribosomes Golgi apparatus → endoplasmic reticulum → ribosomes ribosomes → Golgi apparatus → endoplasmic reticulum

Which statement about DNA and RNA is correct?

protons and neutrons only electrons electrons and neutrons only neutrons only protons

In plants, chloroplasts are necessary for

respiration. secretion. photosynthesis. storage. cell movement.

Which of the following is the largest eukaryotic organelle?

ribosome nucleus lysosome mitochondria Golgi apparatus

Within eukaryotic cells, which organelle is surrounded by a double membrane and carries the coding that determines protein synthesis?

smooth endoplasmic reticulum lysosome nucleolus nucleus rough endoplasmic reticulum

The cell theory states

all organisms are composed of only one cell. organelles are the basic living unit of structure and function of organisms. all organisms are composed of cells. all organisms are composed of only one cell AND organelles are the basic living unit of structure and function of organisms. all multicellular organisms are unicellular at some point in their life cycle.

According to the cell theory

all organisms are composed of tissues. the smallest unit of life is a nucleus. animals but not plants are composed of cells. a multicellular organism is composed of many cells. new cells arise only from preexisting cells.

In water, a weak hydrogen bond occurs between a hydrogen in one molecule and

an oxygen atom in the same molecule. an oxygen atom in a different molecule. a hydrogen atom in the same molecule. a hydrogen atom in a different molecule. either hydrogen and oxygen atoms of different molecules.

When two glucose molecules combine, they form a disaccharide molecule and another glucose molecule.

another glucose molecule. another disaccharide molecule. a dipeptide molecule. a lipid molecule. a water molecule.

Technology is the

application of scientific knowledge to the interests of humans. study of living organisms. study of the interactions between living organisms and their environment. application of common knowledge for a practical purpose. application of laws to benefit society.

Microtubules

are composed mostly of lipid. form a spindle that distributes chromosomes in an orderly manner. may be associated with metabolism. are found in the nucleus. are composed of actin.

Buffers

are strong acids or bases. keep the pH within normal limits. release large amounts of hydrogen ions (H+). will only lower the pH. will only increase the pH.

Cholesterol is a component of cell membranes and is an example of which type of lipid?

steroids phospholipids fatty acids triglycerides oils

The lower the pH

the lower the hydrogen ion (H+) concentration. the more acidic the solution. the higher the pH. the greater the hydroxide ion (OH-) concentration. the closer the hydroxide ion (OH-) concentration comes to equaling the hydrogen ion (H+) concentration.

In some bacteria, the outermost layer is a gelatinous sheath known as

the nucleus. the capsule. the cell wall. the cell membrane. the DNA.

The chemical reactivity of an element is dependent on

the number of protons. the arrangement of neutrons. the number of electrons in the outermost shell the number of protons and neutrons. the number of electrons in the inner shell.

Isotopes of a given element have

the same number of protons but differ in atomic mass. the same atomic mass but a different number of protons. a different number of electrons. the same number of protons and atomic mass. the same number of neutrons.

Complete the following sentences to describe the various levels of protein structure. Then, place the sentences in order from top to bottom with the simplest level of organization first. As you work from top to bottom, the level of complexity should increase.

A sequence of amino acids strung together in a strand forms a primary structure. Once amino acids begin to form bonds with one another to create helical or sheet-like formations, a secondary structure is formed. When amino acids bond further, creating a globular shape, it is referred to as its tertiary structure. When two or more polypeptides bond together into a working protein, it represents a quaternary structure. Complete the following paragraph to describe synthesis and degradation reactions. Some choices may be used more than once Large biomolecules, or polymers, are comprised of smaller subunits called monomers. These subunits attach themselves together to build biomolecules through dehydration reactions. This type of reaction involves the formation of water as monomers are linked together and polymers built. Biomolecules are broken down into their subunits through hydrolysis reactions. This type of reaction involves the breakdown of water as polymers are broken down into monomers.

An important component of distinguishing science from pseudoscience is being able to distinguish that information is from a credible source. Select all of the following that are considered to be credible sources.

A website authored by the leading expert in that field of study, Peer reviewed academic journals, social media post that reference blog post, an opinion article in a popular newspaper, social media posts with no reference, your college textbook, copyright 2019, University sponsored website that includes references from peered-reviewed journal articles, a blog from a website that is recommending that you purchased a product from them.

Select the six characteristics generally shared by all life.

All life: Maintains an internal environment, is organized, is able to respond to its environment, requires materials and energy, has the capacity to adapt to the environment, and has the ability to reproduce and develop.

Which of the following might plausibly be said by a scientist?

Although no one else gets the same results as I do, since I get the results in my experiments, it is still science. Since all the accumulated body of data support it, my hypothesis is undoubtedly "true." Test methods are unimportant since anyone can run another test; it is the results that make the substance of science. The test's results and conclusion finish the scientist's job; it is enough that a scientist alone knows the results. There is always a possibility that a more advanced experiment might falsify my hypothesis.

Place the characteristics and examples listed on the right in the correct domain.

Archaea (Many thrive in extreme environments such as thermal vents, sulfur springs, or acid mines, Include Methanosarcina, a methane-producing organism, Unicellular prokaryote thought to be most closely related to Domain Eukarya) Bacteria (Unicellular prokaryotes that can be found almost anywhere, including soils, water, air and our bodies, Include examples such as Escherichia coli and Helicobacter pylori, Unicellular prokaryote that absorbs, photosynthesized or chemosynthesizes food,) Eukarya ( Unicellular or multicellular organism that contain a membrane bounded nucleus, include example such as Euglena, a photosynthetic protist, Amanita, a poisonous fungi, Gingko biloba, an ancient tree and humans. )

The following structures each correspond to different levels of biological organization. Place the different structures in order from top to bottom, beginning with the least complex and ending with the most complex. ( oxygen atom, methane molecule, plant cell, nervous tissue, brain, nervous system and tree.

As the human population size increases ecosystems remain unaffected. fewer fossil fuels are burned and carbon dioxide levels remain constant. it becomes evident that preserving the biosphere has no benefit to humans. fewer ecosystems are destroyed, resulting in an abundance of biodiversity. biodiversity is adversely affected as humans have destructive effects on ecosystems.

Complete the following paragraph to describe the levels of biological organization. Responses may be used more than once.

Because life takes on such a wide array of forms, scientists have devised a hierarchy of levels of biological organization, ranging from atoms to organisms. The smallest particles of an element that display its properties are called atoms; when they combine, they form molecules, such as water, glucose, or DNA. Groups of molecules can form cells, the smallest unit of life. Some organisms consist of only one cell; among multicellular organisms, groups of cells with similar functions make up tissues. These combine to form organs, which work together to form organ systems. These organ systems each carry out specific functions within an individual organism.

An experiment was conducted on the impacts of an herbal supplement on blood cholesterol levels. The conclusion claims that the herbal supplement reduces blood cholesterol levels. Select all of the following that would indicate confidence in the results.

Errors bras that overlap, very large confidence intervals, large sample sizes were used, small error bars not overlap, the research was carried out a double study, No control group, Small sample sizes were used, one group was used as a placebo group.

Which of the following is one of the domains of life?

Eukarya Plantae Protista Fungi

Because mitochondria were once independently living prokaryotic cells, if removed from a eukaryotic cell they can survive independently.

False

The primary plant cell wall and the bacterial cell wall are both composed of peptidoglycan

False

Determining statistical significance is important in being able to analyze data from experiments. An experiment was conducted to determine the impact of a medicine on illness recovery time. Researchers hypothesized that the medicinal treatment would decrease illness recovery time. Complete the paragraph to analyze the results of the experiment. Answer choices may be used more than once or not at all.

Researchers made the following prediction based on the hypothesis: The medicinal treatment would decrease (increase/decrease) the recovery time for the illness. The graph indicates that the mean of the treatment is smaller (greater/smaller) than the mean of the placebo. Notice the large error bars. This means that there was a large (large/small) amount of variation in the data. Because of the overlap (overlap/lack of overlap) in confidence intervals, the results are not (are/are not) significantly different from one another. Because the results are not (are/are not) statistically significant from each other, researchers reject the hypothesis and conclude that the

Determining statistical significance is important in being able to analyze data from experiments. An experiment was conducted to determine the impact of a medicine on illness recovery time. Researchers hypothesized that the medicinal treatment would decrease illness recovery time. Complete the paragraph to analyze the results of the experiment. Answer choices may be used more than once or not at all.

Researchers made the following prediction based on the hypothesis: The medicinal treatment would decrease (increase/decrease) the recovery time for the illness. The graph indicates that the mean of the treatment is smaller (greater/smaller) than the mean of the placebo. Notice the large error bars. This means that there was a large (large/small) amount of variation in the data. Because of the overlap (overlap/lack of overlap) in confidence intervals, the results are not (are/are not) significantly different from one another. Because the results are not (are/are not) statistically significant from each other, researchers reject the hypothesis and conclude that the medicinal treatment does not decrease the recovery time for the illness.

What evidence suggests that proteins are synthesized and modified in the rough ER as opposed to the smooth ER?

Ribosomes are associated with the surface of the rough ER. Ribosomes are associated with the surface of the smooth ER. Proteins can be found in the membrane of the rough ER but not the smooth ER. The smooth ER functions in the synthesis of phospholipids. Smooth ER is continuous with rough ER.

Sarah is interested in "cupping" to relieve lower back pain from an accident. In her research, she stumbles across the website of a local practitioner of this technique and learns the following: Cupping is an ancient technique that involves placing special cups on your skin for several minutes to create suction. Proposed benefits include relief from pain and inflammation, increased blood flow, and increased relaxation and well-being. The website also includes a graph that shows the therapeutic benefits of cupping. Help Sarah analyze the data presented and decide if cupping is the best route for pain management by completing the following paragraph.

Sarah's initial information was from a website that offered cupping as a service. Because of this, the credibility of the source would be considered low (low/high). The website did offer a graph from a scientific study. However, no source was offered. Because of this, the credibility of the source would be considered low (low/high). The graph compares the quality of life for individuals that have received cupping and for those that have not received cupping. The average scores for cupping are higher (lower/higher) than for no cupping. The error bars overlap between the group that received cupping and the group that received no cupping. This means that the results are not (are/are not) significant, so there is no (is/is no) significant difference in the quality of life with the addition of therapeutic cupping.

Which statement regarding science and technology is true?

Science, without the assistance of technology, has brought about life-improving discoveries, such as antibiotics. Technology, without the assistance of science, helps us to understand the causes of cancer. Science is defined as the application of technological knowledge. Combining both science and technology may ease the feeding of the world population by producing new plant strains.

The following are characteristics of either science or pseudoscience. Classify each in their appropriate bin to describe the differences between the two.

Science: may include double-blind studies to eliminate bias in the researchers, based on claims that are supported by scientific data and Claims have been experimentally tested. Pseudoscience: Based on untestable hypotheses, based on claims that are unsupported by scientific databased on claims that have never been experimentally tested, Translates to "fake science."

Complete the following statements about the basic units of life.

Since they are the structural and functional units of organisms, cells are often referred to as the basic units of life. This unit, even just one, is capable of performing all of the functions necessary for life. The smallest organisms are single-celled, while larger organisms are multicellular.

In the late 1800s, Louis Pasteur was searching for a vaccine for anthrax in livestock. One French veterinarian had a local reputation for being able to cure anthrax by applying oils and wrapping the animal in cloth to induce a fever. Pasteur also knew that some animals got well on their own when left untreated. Pasteur tested the effectiveness of the local veterinarian's methods by injecting four cattle with anthrax bacteria. He then directed the veterinarian to perform his procedures on two cattle. The other two cattle were left alone. One cow from each group died and the other one in each group survived. Pasteur dismissed the veterinarian's procedure as ineffective, but he also considered this to be a poor test. Why would he consider this to be a poor test?

The difference in survival between the two groups was not dependent on the treatment. In a small group with 50% survival, the treated cows would have survived anyway. The number of cows that survived was the same as the number of cows that died. With such a small group you cannot determine if survival was dependent on the treatment or random chance. The production of a fever in the treated cattle interfered with the outcome.

Determine what would happen to an individual's proteins if they developed a fever of 103o F for several days.

The proteins would denature due to the increase in body temperature and would become unable to function correctly. The proteins would increase in their ability to perform their functions because of the increase in body temperature. Nothing would happen to the proteins as a result of the increase in temperature. The proteins would denature due to the increase in body temperature and would increase in their ability to function correctly. One protein would alter in shape, which would then cause the next protein to alter in shape which would cause a third protein to alter in shape and so forth until all of the proteins were altered in shape.

Complete each of the following statements to describe the parts of the scientific method. Then, place the sentences in the correct order in which the scientific method tends to flow.

The scientific method begins with a(n) observation of a natural event. Scientists use reasoning to combine observations into a tentative explanation, or hypothesis. Scientists develop a good experimental design that contains both a test group in which the experimental variable is altered, and a control group in which the experimental variable is not altered. Analysis of the data reveals how the manipulated variable, also known as the independent variable, affects the measured variable, the dependent variable. The results of an experiment are called data and must be properly analyzed in order for a conclusion to be reached.

Which of the following is a potential consequence if the agricultural industry produced food without the use of technology?

There could be a significant decrease in the amount of food produced. There would be a collapse of many of the terrestrial ecosystems on Earth. The extinction of the top-level species that reside in the communities around the agricultural land. The amount of food produced would increase. None of these consequences will occur if people stop using technology in the agriculture industry.

Fill in the blanks with the appropriate word or words to correctly describe how elements are combined to form compounds and molecules. Responses can be used more than once.

When two or more atoms of the same element bond, a(n) molecule is formed; this portion of a compound is the smallest part that retains the properties of the compound. When two or more different elements bond together in a fixed ratio, a(n) compound is formed. Water is an example of a(n) molecule and a compound because it is a combination of hydrogen and oxygen atoms, and two hydrogen atoms bonded to one oxygen atom retain the properties of water. All atoms contain negatively charged electrons that orbit around a positively charged nucleus. This nucleus contains positively charged protons and neutrally charged neutrons. It is the negatively charged electrons that give atoms properties that are favorable in forming chemical bonds.

Circulating red blood cells in your body do not contain a nucleus and other organelles. Are these cells living?

Yes, because they are actively metabolizing and once contained organelles. Yes, because they are capable of moving throughout the body in the circulation. No, because they do not contain a nucleus, they cannot be living. No, because red blood cells do not actively metabolize. No, because they are now only part of a once living cell.

The term "biodiversity" refers to

a study of the physical, non-living components of an ecosystem. the similarities between species. the rate of extinction of species due to human activities. the total number of species, variation of species, and the ecosystems in which they live. the study of food chains within an ecosystem.

A covalent bond is

a type of bond that results in ionic compounds. formed from the transfer of electrons from one atom to another. a sharing of electrons between two atoms. an attraction of charged atoms. a sharing of protons between two atoms.

Two molecules of glucose combine to form a disaccharide molecule during a(n) ________ reaction..

dehydration hydrolysis hydrogen bond ionic bond inert

What type of reaction is necessary to produce a dipeptide from individual amino acids?

dehydration reaction hydrolysis reaction denaturation Dipeptides are not formed from amino acids. None of the answer choices will form a dipeptide