BIOL 1144 - Ch 42 - Anatomy of the Reproductive System - Female Section Only
The vagina extends for approximately ____ cm ( ___ inches) from the vestibule to the (2) U_____ superiorly.
(1) 10 cm (4 inches) (2) Uterus
The deeper (1) ______ layer, or stratum (2) ______basalis (Figure 43.6b), forms a new functionalis after menstruation ends.
(1) Basil (2) Basalis
The major portion of the uterus is referred to as the (1) ______. Its superior rounded region above the entrance of the uterine tubes is called the (2) ______. A fertilized egg is implanted in the uterus, which houses the (3) ______ or (4) ______ during its development.
(1) Body (2) Fundus (3) Embryo (4) Fetus
The Vagina serves as a: (1) C_______ organ and (2) B______ canal and permits passage of the (3) M________flow.
(1) Copulatory organ (2) Birth Canal (3) Menstrual flow
In some cases, the fertilized egg may implant in a uterine tube or even on the abdominal viscera, creating an (1) ______ pregnancy. Choose Correct Answer (2) Such implantations are usually (successful or unsuccessful).
(1) Ectopic pregnancy (2) Unsuccessful Ectopic pregnancy may even endanger the mother's life because the uterine tubes cannot accommodate the increasing size of the fetus.
The (1) E___________, the thick mucosal lining of the uterus, has a superficial (2) F______ layer, or stratum (3) F______.
(1) Endometrium (2) Functional layer (3) Stratum Functionalis
Identify the three layers of the uterine wall: (1) E______ (2) M______ (3) S______
(1) Endometrium, (2) Myometrium (3) Serosa.
Like the testes of the male, the ovaries produce gametes (in this case Eggs, or Ova) and also sex hormones ((1) E_____ and (2) P______).
(1) Estrogens (2) Progesterone
The growing Ovarian Follicles also produce _________.
(1) Estrogens. ovulation When a developing egg has reached the appropriate stage of maturity, it is ejected from the ovary in an event called ovulation. The ruptured follicle is then converted to a second type of endocrine struc- ture called a corpus luteum, which secretes progesterone and some estrogens.
The uterine, or (1) F_______, tubes are about 10 cm (4 inches) long and extend from the ovaries in the peritoneal cavity to the (2) S_______ region of the uterus.
(1) Fallopian (2) Superolateral The distal ends of the tubes are funnel-shaped and have fingerlike projections called fimbriae. Unlike in the male duct system, there is no actual contact between the female gonad and the initial part of the female duct system—the uterine tube.
The mons pubis is a rounded (1) F______ eminence overlying the pubic (2) S________.
(1) Fatty (2) Symphysis
The distal ends of the Fallopian tubes are funnel-shaped and have fingerlike projections called (1) ______. Choose: There (is or isnt't) actual contact between the female gonad and the initial part of the female duct system—the uterine tube.
(1) Fimbriae (2) isn't actual contact
The Labia Majora enclose two smaller: Choose Correct Term: • Normally, (1) (hair-covered or hair-less) skin folds called (2) Labia ______.
(1) Hair-less (2) Minora (Terms indicating only one of the two folds in each case are labium majus and minus, respectively.)
The vaginal opening is partially closed by a thin fold of mucous membrane called the (1) ______ and is flanked by the pea-sized, (2)______-secreting Greater Vestibular Glands.
(1) Hymen (2) Mucus
The alveoli of each lobule pass the milk into a number of (1) L_______ ducts, which join to form an expanded storage chamber, the Lactiferous (2) S_____, as they approach the nipple. The sinuses open to the outside at the (3) _____.
(1) Lactiferous (2) Sinus (3) Nipple
Within each mammary gland lobe are smaller chambers called (1) L______, containing the glandular (2) A______ that produce milk during (3) _______.
(1) Lobules (2) alveoli (3) Lactation
Greater Vestibular Glands (1) L_______ the distal end of the vagina during coitus and are homologous to the (2) B____-U_____ glands of males.
(1) Lubricate (2) Bulbo-urethral Glands
The part of the broad ligament specifically anchoring the uterus is called the (1) M_______ and that anchoring the uterine tubes, the (2) M______.
(1) Mesometrium (2) Mesosalpinx
The ovaries are supported medially by the (1) O_____ ligament (extending from the uterus to the ovary), laterally by the (2) S_______ ligaments, and posteriorly by a fold of the broad ligament, the (3) M_______.
(1) Ovarian (2) Suspensory (3) Mesovarium
The (1) _______ are the primary reproductive organs of the female. Like the testes of the male, the ovaries produce gametes (in this case (2) E____, or (3) O____).
(1) Ovaries (2) Eggs (3) Ova
When a developing egg has reached the appropriate stage of maturity, it is ejected from the ovary in an event called (1) O______. The ruptured follicle is then converted to a second type of endocrine structure called a (2) _____ ____, which secretes progesterone and some estrogens.
(1) Ovulation (2) corpus luteum
Choose Correct Answer: The (1)(pear or apple or banana)-shaped uterus, situated between the bladder and the rectum, is a (2) M______ organ with its narrow end, the (3) C_____, directed inferiorly.
(1) Pear-Shaped (2) Muscular (3) Cervix
Ovaries lie adjacent to the uterine tubes but are not connected to them; consequently, an ovulated "egg," actually a secondary oocyte enters the (1) _____ cavity.
(1) Pelvic
The clitoris is a small protruding structure, homologous to the (1) ______. Like its counterpart, it is composed of highly sensitive, (2) ______ tissue.
(1) Penis (2) Erectile
After the corpus luteum phase begins for the old follicle, it begins to secrete (1) P________ and some estrogens.
(1) Progesterone
What is an ectopic pregnancy, and how can it happen? (1) Implantation of embryo in site other than u_______. (2) Most often occurs in a u______ tube (3) May also occur in the p______ cavity
(1) Uterus (2) Uterine tube (3) Peritoneal Cavity (if an egg is fertilized there)
The external genitalia (also called (1) V_____) consist of the: Mons pubis Labia majora Labia minora Clitoris External urethral Orifice Vaginal Orifices Hymen Greater Vestibular Glands.
(1) Vulva
The structures composing the external genitalia, or (1) V_____, of the female: (2) M____ pubis (3) L_____ majora and minora, (4) C_____ (5) V_______ and (6) U_____ openings (7) H______ (8) Greater V_______ glands
(1) Vulva (2) Mons pubis (3) Labia majora and minora (4) Clitoris (5) Vaginal and (6) Urethral openings (7) Hymen (8) Greater vestibular glands
Ovaries are: (1) almond-shaped (2) cashew-shaped
(1) almond-shaped
(1) glands that produce milk during lactation (2) subdivision of mammary lobes that contains alveoli (3) enlarged storage chamber for milk
(1) alveoli (2) lobule (3) lactiferous sinus
Slightly below the center of each breast is a pigmented area, the (1) _____, which surrounds a centrally protruding (2)______ (Figure 42.10).
(1) areola nipple
Name the three layers of the uterine wall from the inside out. (1) _____metrium (2) _____metrium (3) _____metrium (4) Which of these is sloughed during menses? (5) Which contracts during childbirth?
(1) endometrium (2) myometrium (3) perimetrium (4) Endometrium (5) Myometrium
The external (1)______ orifice, which lies posterior to the clitoris, is the outlet for the (2) ______ system and (3) (has or does not have) a role in the reproductive function in the female.
(1) external urethral orifice (2) urinary (3) does not have
Running inferiorly and posteriorly from the mons pubis are two elongated, pigmented skin folds: Choose Correct Terms describing the Labia Majora: • Normally, (1) (hair-covered or hair-less) • Homologous to the (2)_______.
(1) hair-covered
The reproductive structures of the female are generally considered in terms of internal (1) _______ and external organs, or external (2) ______.
(1) organs (2) genitalia
The Uterus' superficial functional layer, or stratum functionalis, that (1) _______ off periodically (about every (2) ____ days) in response to cyclic changes in the levels of (3) O_____ hormones in the woman's blood.
(1) sloughs (2) 28 (3) Ovarian
The usual and most desirable site of fertilization is the (1) ______ ______, because the journey to the uterus takes about (2) ___ to ____ days and an egg is viable only for up to (3) ___ hours after it is expelled from the ovary.
(1) uterine tube (2) 3 to 4 days (3) 24 hours Thus, sperm must swim upward through the vagina and uterus and into the uterine tubes to reach the egg. They must swim against the downward current created by ciliary action—rather like swimming against the tide!
(4) duct connecting alveoli to the storage chambers (5) pigmented area surrounding the nipple (6) releases milk to the outside
(4) lactiferous duct (5) areola (6) nipple
1. site of fetal development 2. copulatory canal 3. egg typically fertilized here 4. becomes erect during sexual excitement
1. uterus 2. vagina 3. uterine tube 4. clitoris
Internally each mammary gland consists of (1) ___ to ____ _____ which radiate around the nipple and are separated by fibrous connective tissue and _______.
15 to 25 lobes adipose
5. duct extending from ovaries to the uterus 6. partially closes the vaginal canal; a membrane 7. produces oocytes, estrogens, and progesterone 8. fingerlike ends of the uterine tube
5. uterine tube 6. hymen 7. ovary 8. fimbriae
Put the following vestibular-perineal structures in their proper order from the anterior to the posterior aspect: • vaginal orifice • anus • external urethral opening • clitoris
Anterior limit: clitoris → urethral opening → vaginal orifice → anus
The fold that encloses the uterine tubes and uterus and secures them to the lateral body walls is the ______ ligament (Figure 42.7b)
Broad Ligament
Describe the epithelium found in the uterine tube. C_____ S_____ epithelium lines the uterine tube.
Ciliated secretory epithelium lines the uterine tube.
What is the function of the myometrium (smooth muscle layer) during the birth process?
Contracts during childbirth to expel the baby
Periodic stimulation by the female sex hormones, especially E______, increases the size of the female mammary glands at puberty.
Estrogens
Choose One: During puberty (increased duct system or fat deposition) is the more important contributor to increased breast size?
Fat deposition is the more important contributor to increased breast size.
Figure 42.8 Cross-sectional view of the uterine wall. The mucosa is in the secretory phase. (3×).
Figure 42.8 Cross-sectional view of the uterine wall. The mucosa is in the secretory phase. (3×).
This sloughing-off process, which is accompanied by bleeding, is referred to as menstruation, or _____.
Menses
The mammary glands exist within the breasts in both sexes, but they normally have a reproduction-related function only in females. The function of the mammary glands is to produce ______.
Milk
Define ovulation. Ejection of an egg (actually an O_____) from the ovary
Oocyte
Widespread inflammations of the pelvic viscera is called ____ ____ ____ (PID). ✚
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease ✚ Because there is no contact between the female gonads and the fimbriae of the fallopian tubes, there is an open passageway between the female reproductive organs and the peritoneal cavity. The leaves the female susceptible to STD infections of the pelvic viscera, which can lead to PID.
The diamond-shaped region between the anterior end of the labial folds, the ischial tuberosities laterally, and the anus posteriorly is called the P________.
Perineum
The Clitoris is hooded by skin folds of the anterior labia minora, referred to as the (1) ________ of the clitoris.
Prepuce of the Clitoris
Procedure for self-examination of the breasts. • While lying down • Place one arm behind your head • With the three middle fingers of the other arm • Palpate the breast in a circular motion • Pressing first lightly • Then with increasing pressure • Check the entire breast systematically • Use vertical pattern • Superior lateral to inferior medial regions.
Procedure for self-examination of the breasts. • While lying down • Place one arm behind your head • With the three middle fingers of the other arm • Palpate the breast in a circular motion • Pressing first lightly • Then with increasing pressure • Check the entire breast systematically • Use vertical pattern • Superior lateral to inferior medial regions.
The R_____ ligaments, fibrous cords that run from the uterus to the labia majora, and the utero-sacral ligaments, which course posteriorly to the sacrum, also help attach the uterus to the body wall.
Round
True or False: The internal female organs are all retroperitoneal, except the ovaries.
True
Assume a couple has just consummated the sex act and the sperm have been deposited in the vagina. Trace the pathway of the sperm through the female reproductive tract.
Vagina → cervix → uterus → uterine tube → peritoneal cavity
The labia minora, in turn, enclose a region called the ________, which contains many structures: Clitoris, most anteriorly External urethral orifice Vaginal orifice.
Vestibule
Do any sperm enter the pelvic cavity of the female? Why or why not?
Yes The uterine tube opens to the pelvic cavity.
The endocrine products of the ovaries are estrogen and: a. luteinizing hormone b. progesterone c. prolactin d. testosterone
b. progesterone
The ________ is a pear-shaped organ that houses the embryo or fetus during its development. a. bladder b. cervix c. uterus d. vagina
c. uterus
Uterine tissue has C_____ S_____ epithelium.
ciliated secretory epithelium
The (endometrium or myometrium), the thick mucosal lining of the uterus, has a superficial layer that sloughs off periodically.
endometrium
A developing egg is ejected from the ovary at the appropriate stage of maturity in an event known as (menstruation / ovulation).
ovulation
