BIOL 1406 learning curve ch 9
What amount of free energy is released by the oxidation of 2 moles of NADH?
104.8 kcal
What is the net free energy captured by 32 moles of ATP?
234 kcal
Approximately how many ATP molecules per glucose molecule are produced via glycolysis and cellular respiration?
32
A student wants to develop a demonstration to explain the energy changes taking place as electrons are transferred along the respiratory chain. Which everyday objects could he use to accomplish his goal?
A ball rolling down a staircase
Some poisons are compounds that interfere with metabolic pathways. Which poison would interfere with the citric acid cycle but not affect glycolysis?
A compound that inhibits pyruvate dehydrogenase
A student made this diagram as a study guide for learning the steps involved in the aerobic catabolism of glucose. One step could be added to better illustrate these steps. Which step should be added?
A student made this diagram as a study guide for learning the steps involved in the aerobic catabolism of glucose. One step could be added to better illustrate these steps. Which step should be added?
Which reaction is not an example of an oxidation-reduction reaction?
ADP + Pi → ATP + H2O
Which list places the molecules, from left to right, from most oxidized to least oxidized?
CO2 > CHOOH > CH3OH > CH4
Catabolic interconversion is a metabolic pathway in which
Catabolic interconversion is a metabolic pathway in which
Which component of the respiratory chain is a peripheral protein?
Cytochrome c
What is the cellular location of glycolysis in eukaryotes?
Cytosol
The complete oxidation of pyruvate to carbon dioxide and water requires molecules that shuttle electrons to the electron transport chain. Those molecules are
FAD and NAD+.
Which describes how the components of the respiratory chain are ordered?
From high to low reduction potential relative to oxygen
In eukaryotes, the proton-motive force allows protons to move passively through ATP synthase in which direction?
From the mitochondrial inner membrane space to the mitochondrial matrix
What is an example of anabolic interconversion?
Gluconeogenesis
The difference between oxidation and reduction is that
oxidation reduces the number of electrons, while reduction increases the number of electrons.
The types of chemical reactions involved in the aerobic breakdown of glucose by a cell include
oxidation-reduction reactions and phosphorylations.
The main difference between lactic acid fermentation and alcoholic fermentation is
regenerates a three-carbon molecule and alcoholic fermentation does not.
Choose the phrase that does not correctly complete this sentence: Oxidative phosphorylation is a process
that requires a membrane that is permeable to protons.
Energy production occurs in different locations in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Which statement is true for eukaryotes?
The conversion of pyruvate to CO2 and H2O occurs in the mitochondria.
Energy production occurs in different locations in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Which statement is true for prokaryotes?
The respiratory chain enzymes are found on the cell membrane.
If an experiment based on the ones using thylakoids from chloroplasts were carried out, which thylakoids would produce the most ATP?
Thylakoids preincubated in a pH 4 solution and then moved to a pH 7.5 solution containing ADP and Pi
Pyruvate oxidation to acetyl CoA is a complex reaction because
it is a multistep chemical reaction involving five different coenzymes and 60 individual proteins.
Fermentation is a process that occurs
in muscle tissue when there is an insufficient supply of oxygen.
Some of the chemical energy present in pyruvate is harvested during an oxidation-reduction process taking place in the multistep reaction shown in the figure. In which molecule is this harvested chemical energy stored?
NADH
Which statement best describes how key molecules are regenerated to allow continued metabolism in a cell?
NADH and FADH2 can donate their electrons to the electron transport chain and be regenerated to allow the citric acid cycle to continue.
Which statement about NADH is true?
NADH is the reduced form of NAD+ from the addition of H+ and two electrons.
Malate dehydrogenase is responsible for catalyzing which reaction?
Oxidation of malate to oxaloacetate
Five statements about energy metabolism in cells are given. Which statement can be used to explain the importance of the process shown in the figure?
Oxidation of molecules from glucose is coupled to reduction of oxygen, which allows for controlled release of energy in a form that the cell can use.
Which statement regarding glycolysis is true?
Oxygen is not required.
How are steps 1-3 of glycolysis different from steps 6-10?
Steps 1-3 catalyze reactions that require ATP, while steps 6-10 catalyze changes that produce NADH and ATP.
Which statement regarding glycolysis is true?
Two ATP molecules are required in the first three steps per glucose molecule.
Catabolic interconversion is a metabolic pathway in which
a large molecule is broken down into its constituent molecules and releases energy.
ATP synthase is the protein complex that
captures the potential energy of the proton gradient in the intermembrane space as the chemical energy in phosphate bonds of ATP.
Oxidative phosphorylation has two major components: _______ and _______.
electron transport; chemiosmosis
What is an example of anabolic interconversion?
glycogenisis