BIOL 1407 Ch. 22 Origin of Species Review Questions

There is still some controversy among biologists about whether Neanderthals should be placed within the same species as modern humans or into a separate species of their own. Most DNA sequence data analyzed so far indicate that there was probably little or no gene flow between Neanderthals and Homo sapiens. Which species concept is most applicable in this example? A) phylogenetic B) ecological C) morphological D) biological

A) phylogenetic

The most likely explanation for the high rate of sympatric speciation that apparently existed among the cichlids of Lake Victoria in the past is A) sexual selection. B) habitat differentiation. C) polyploidy. D) pollution. E) introduction of a new predator.

A) sexual selection.

Two species of frogs belonging to the same genus occasionally mate, but the offspring fail to develop and hatch. What is the mechanism for keeping the two frog species separate? A) the postzygotic barrier called hybrid inviability B) the postzygotic barrier called hybrid breakdown C) the prezygotic barrier called hybrid sterility D) gametic isolation

A) the postzygotic barrier called hybrid inviability

Which of the following statements about species, as defined by the biological species concept, is (are) correct?I.Biological species are defined by reproductive isolation.II.Biological species are the model used for grouping extinct forms of life.III. The biological species is the largest unit of population in which successful interbreeding is possible. A) I and II B) I and III C) II and III D) I, II, and III

B) I and III

What is true of macroevolution? A) It is the same as microevolution, but includes the origin of new species. B) It is evolution above the species level. C) It is defined as the evolution of microscopic organisms into organisms that can be seen with the naked eye. D) It is defined as a change in allele or gene frequency over the course of many generations. E) It is the conceptual link between irritability and adaptation.

B) It is evolution above the species level.

A hybrid zone is properly defined as A) an area where two closely related species' ranges overlap. B) an area where mating occurs between members of two closely related species, producing viable offspring. C) a zone that features a gradual change in species composition where two neighboring ecosystems border each other. D) a zone that includes the intermediate portion of a cline. E) an area where members of two closely related species intermingle, but experience no gene flow.

B) an area where mating occurs between members of two closely related species, producing viable offspring.

There are currently two, large, permanent bridges that span the Panama Canal. The bridges are about 8 miles apart. If snapping shrimp avoid swimming at night and avoid swimming under shadows, then what do these bridges represent for the snapping shrimp? A) sources of refuge B) geographic barriers C) sources of a hybrid zone between the two bridges D) sources for increased gene flow

B) geographic barriers

The largest unit within which gene flow can readily occur is a A) population. B) species. C) genus. D) hybrid. E) phylum.

B) species.

The origin of a new plant species by hybridization, coupled with accidents during nuclear division, is an example of A) allopatric speciation. B) sympatric speciation. C) autopolyploidy. D) habitat selection.

B) sympatric speciation.

What does the biological species concept use as the primary criterion for determining species boundaries? A) geographic isolation B) niche differences C) gene flow D) morphological similarity E) molecular (DNA, RNA, protein) similarity

C) gene flow

In which habitat should one find snapping shrimp most closely related to shrimp that live in habitat A4? A) A3 B) A5 C) B4 D) either A3 or A5 E) any species from any one of the side A habitats

C) B4

According to the concept of punctuated equilibrium, A) natural selection is unimportant as a mechanism of evolution. B) given enough time, most existing species will branch gradually into new species. C) a new species accumulates most of its unique features as it comes into existence. D) evolution of new species features long periods during which changes are occurring, interspersed with short periods of equilibrium, or stasis. E) transitional fossils, intermediate between newer species and their parent species, should be abundant.

C) a new species accumulates most of its unique features as it comes into existence.

Males of different species of the fruit fly Drosophila that live in the same parts of the Hawaiian Islands have different elaborate courtship rituals. These rituals involve fighting other males and making stylized movements that attract females. What type of reproductive isolation does this represent? A) habitat isolation B) temporal isolation C) behavioral isolation D) gametic isolation E) postzygotic barriers

C) behavioral isolation

Among known plant species, which of these have been the two most commonly occurring phenomena that have led to the origin of new species? 1.allopatric speciation 2. sympatric speciation 3. sexual selection 4. polyploidy A) 1 and 3 B) 1 and 4 C) 2 and 3 D) 2 and 4

D) 2 and 4

The phenomenon of fusion is likely to occur when, after a period of geographic isolation, two populations meet again and A) their chromosomes are no longer homologous enough to permit meiosis. B) a constant number of viable, fertile hybrids is produced over the course of generations. C) the hybrid zone is inhospitable to hybrid survival. D) an increasing number of viable, fertile hybrids is produced over the course of generations. E) a decreasing number of viable, fertile hybrids is produced over the course of generations.

D) an increasing number of viable, fertile hybrids is produced over the course of generations.

Dog breeders maintain the purity of breeds by keeping dogs of different breeds apart when they are fertile. This kind of isolation is most similar to which of the following reproductive isolating mechanisms? A) reduced hybrid fertility B) hybrid breakdown C) mechanical isolation D) habitat isolation E) gametic isolation

D) habitat isolation

You are confronted with a box of preserved grasshoppers of various species that are new to science and have not been described. Your assignment is to separate them into species. There is no accompanying information as to where or when they were collected. Which species concept will you have to use? A) biological B) phylogenetic C) ecological D) morphological

D) morphological

According to the concept of punctuated equilibrium, the "sudden" appearance of a new species in the fossil record means that A) the species is now extinct. B) speciation occurred instantaneously. C) speciation occurred in one generation. D) speciation occurred rapidly in geologic time. E) the species will consequently have a relatively short existence, compared with other species.

D) speciation occurred rapidly in geologic time.

Which of these habitats is likely to harbor the youngest species? A) A5 B) B4 C) A3 D) B2 E) A1

E) A1

Which habitats should harbor snapping shrimp species with the greatest degree of genetic divergence from each other? A) A1 and A5 B) A1 and B5 C) B5 and B1 D) A5 and B5 E) Both A1/A5 and B1/B5 should have the greatest, but equal amounts of, genetic divergence.

E) Both A1/A5 and B1/B5 should have the greatest, but equal amounts of, genetic divergence.