BIOL 231C

Bilateral Symmetry

the property of being divisible into symmetrical halves on either side of a unique plane.

describe relationship between organelles cells and tissues?

they all can form into an organ system, ea h builds off each other

how did shwann hooke and others contribute to our current understanding?

those nigas sed everyhing has cells

X-Ray

x-rays are electromagnetic waves of very short wavelength that pass through body and leave marks on other end.

Urinary

eliminates nitrogenous wastes from body. regulates water, electrolyte and foods.

Endocrine

hormones for growth, sex, and metabolism for body cells. Buncha glands.

Lymphatic system/immune

picks up fluid leaked from blood vessels and returns it to blood. Also houses WBC's for the immune system to respond and atk intruders in body.

three chharacteristics of typical cell

plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus

- What are the three serous membranes and which organs do they surround? - Distinguish between the parietal serous membrane and the visceral serous membrane.

pleura, serous pericardium, and peritoneum. Parietal serosa forms outer wall of cavity. Visceralserosa covers visceral organs.

6 Levels of Organization

1. Chemical level - atoms combine to form molecules 2. Cellular level - cells are made up of molecules 3. Tissue level - tissues consist of similiar types of cells 4. Organ level - organs made up of diff types of tissues 5. Organ system - consists of different organs that work together 6. Organismal level - Human organisms are made up of many organ systems

1. Gross Anatomy 2. Regional Anatomy 3. Microscopic Anatomy 4. Surface Anatomy 5. Systemic Anatomy 6. Embryonic Anatomy

1. deals with structure and organs and tissues visible to naked eye. (dissection) 2. Study based off regions, parts/divisions of the body. 3. Study structure of cells, tissues, organs, etc. 4. Anatomical features that are visible by sight, without dissection. 5. Study organized by "systems" more specific and organized as opposed to Regional/Gross 6. Study of the Embryo, early stages of life

Briefly describe each of the imaging techniques listed below: a. X-ray b. CT/CAT scan c. Angiography/DSA d. PET e. MRI

A. X-ray B. CT/CAT scan C. Angiography/DSA D. PET E. MRI

Anatomy vs Physiology

Anatomy = Study of the structure and the relationship to the body parts. Physiology = Study of the function of those body parts/body as a whole.

Digestive

Breaks down food into absorbable units that enter blood for distribution to body cells. Indegestinles are eliminated as feces.

Ct/CAT Scan

Computed tomography shaped like a square metal nut, takes 12 successive xrays around individuals circumference.

Nervous

Control system of body, responds to external changes by activating muscles/glands.

List the cavities that lie within the dorsal body cavity and briefly describe each.

Cranial Cavity - Cranium Vertebral Cavity - Spine

explain selectively permeable

chooses which can pass through the bouncer

Integumentary

External body covering, protects deeper tossues from damage, houses pain receptors, seeat and oil glands

Correct Anatomical Position How do left/right side of patient compare to viewer?

It is appeared as opposite, the patient's left is the viewer's right, etc.

Respiratory

Keeps blood constantly supplied with oxygen, removes car on dioxide.

Distinguish between light and electron microscopy in terms of technique and magnification. Why are stains necessary? How is transmission electron microscopy different from scanning electron microscopy?

LEM uses a beam of lght to observe, where EM uses a beam of electrons. EM uses beams of much smaller wavelength to produve sharp images of tissues/cells. LEM is for more general picture, slightly blurry. Specimens must be stained to enhance contrast.

Reproductive

Male is to produce offspring Ovaries produce eggs and sex hormones.

Cardiovascular

Oxygen, blood vessels teansport blood/heart pumps blood.

PET Scan

Positron emission tomography advanced procedure thay produces images by detecting radioactive isotopes in the body.

Skeletal

Protects/supports body organs plus provides framework the muscles use to cause movement. Blood cells formed wothin body, bones store minerals.

Define directional pairs and give examples.

Superior (above) Inferior (below) Anterior (In front of) Posterior (Behind) Medial (Towards the midline center of body) Lateral (away from the midline of body) Proximal (Action/movement going upwards on body) Distal (Action/movement going down on the body) Superficial (toward or at body surface) Deep (Away from, more internal too) Ipsilateral (Same side) Contralateral (Opposite side)

List the cavities that lie within the ventral body cavity and briefly describe each.

Thoracic cavity - chest cavity, mediastinum (heart, trachea) lungs, Abdominopelvic cavity contains abdominal and pelvic cavity. contains stomach, liver, small intestine, large intestine.

List the organs and briefly describe the function of each of the following organ systems:

a. Integumentary system b. Skeletal system c. Muscular system d. Nervous system e. Endocrine system f. Cardiovascular system g. Lymphatic system/immunity h. Respiratory system i. Digestive system j. Urinary system k. Reproductive system

MRI

magnetic resource imaging is a technique with tremendous appeal bc it produces high contrast images of of soft tossues, this is an area where x rays come short.

three functions that a cell performs to maintain life?

obtain nutrients from surrounding body fluids,disposes of wastes maintains shape and integrity and also divides.

Angiography

technique that produces images of blood vessels. Contrast medium is injected in a vessel and distributed via the vascular system.