BIOL 530: Module 2

Match the numbered structure in this drawing of a nerve fiber with the correct identification or statement about the structure.

- 1: F. Schwann cell -2: B. Axon -3 E. length is about 1mm -4 G. node of Ranvier -5 D. myelin sheath

Match the function with the cell or structure that performs it. (partial credit allowed)

- Makes central nervous system myelin. (3. oligodendrocyte) -Contributes to the blood-brain barrier. (5. astrocyte) -Contributes to the blood nerve barrier. (6. perineurium) - Innervates a skeletal muscle cell. (2. pyramidal cell) -Insulates an axon. (1. myelin)

The illustration displays cross-sections of muscle filaments in a sarcomere. Myosin filaments are represented by the larger dots and actin filaments are represented by the smaller dots. Match the filament pattern in the four numbered squares with the correct placement in a relaxed sarcomere of striated muscle.

-1: E. A band -2: A. I band -3: D. H zone -4: B. M line

Match the statement about striated muscle with the muscle cell component that relates correctly.

-Regulates the length of actin filaments. (3. nebulin) -Generates passive tension. (7. titin) -Defines the limit of a sarcomere. (8. Z-line) -Changes dimension during contraction. (2. I-band) -Connects myofibrils to the sarcolemma. (4. desmin)

Match the function with the cell or structure that performs it. (partial credit allowed)

-central nervous system myelin (3. oligodendrocyte) -blood-brain barrier (5. astrocyte) -blood nerve barrier (6. perineurium) -cerebral cortex (2. pyramidal cell) -insulates an axon (1. myelin)

Select all that are true about specimens 1, 2, and 3 after carefully examining the higher power views of each. More than one answer is correct and partial credit is allowed.

1. is striated skeletal muscle 2. is smooth muscle 3. is striated cardiac muscle

What is the correct letter indicating the line that bisects the dark band in a muscle sarcomere?

4. M

Which of the listed cell types has these features: large size, multinucleated, acidophillic cytoplasm, and is located within Howship's Lacunae?

A. Osteoclast

Which of the following blood components transports glucose?

A. Plasma

Which type of cartilage forms the articular surface on bones?

A. hyaline cartilage

What term or phrase accurately identifies or describes the alternating light and darker acidophilic bands (lines) in the structure between the two dashed lines as seen in the enlarged view (lower right)?

A. lamellae in a bone spicule

A certain stem cell in the bone marrow is determined to be able to provide progeny (new cells) that can differentiate into any of the leukocytes. Choose from the list the correct classification of this stem cell.

A. multipotent

The nucleus indicated by the arrow in the high magnification view of this specimen belongs to which of the following?

A. schwann cell

What type of muscle is always multinucleated?

A. skeletal muscle

Choose the correct identification of this tissue specimen in this photomicrograph from the list.

A. smooth muscle tissue

What is the main difference between the different types of cartilage?

A. type and size of fiber

Question is about the cell indicated by the arrow in the enlarged view of a peripheral blood smear. Which is the normal fraction of this cell in a differential leukocyte blood count?

B. 0-0.75%

Which would be expected to be in the normal range of the number of platelets in one drop of blood?

B. 300,000

In what area of cartilage are the chondroblasts located?

B. Perichondrium

Osteoblasts secrete which type of collagen?

B. Type I

What is the function of the cell indicated by the arrow in this specimen? Stain: May Grunwald Giemsa

B. can become macrophages

What type of muscle has intercalated discs?

B. cardiac muscle

In the x ray of the end of a long bone the brackets labeled X define a radiolucent region that crosses the bone. What is the dominant tissue type in that region?

B. hyaline cartilage

What is the name of the tissue which surrounds muscle fascicles?

B. perimysium

The ________ wraps the outer layer of bone and consists of _____ fibers and osteoprogenitor cells.

B. periosteum , collagen

A cell that can differentiate into any of the three embryonic germ layers - ectoderm, mesoderm or endoderm, is properly termed a:

B. pluripotent cell

Which type of collagen does a chondroblast that is forming hyaline cartilage secrete?

B. type II

Which fiber type gets its energy primarily from glycogen?

B. white fibers

Choose the one correct statement referring to the numbered components in this photograph of a tube of centrifuged heparinized blood.

C. #2 is correctly named the buffy coat

In a normal human, how many erythrocytes are estimated to be in one drop of blood?

C. 4 - 6 million

A differential white blood cell count was carried out on a sample of blood and found to be normal. Which would be the fraction of the count for the leukocyte indicated by the arrow? Stain: May Grunwald Giemsa

C. 54-62%

Which of the following is at the center of an osteon?

C. Haversian canal

Which is a true statement about the epiphyseal plate of a developing bone?

C. It lies between the epiphysis and diaphysis.

Which is located in the peripheral nervous system?

C. Schwann cell

In which zone of a developing long bone is a template for bone spicules created?

C. Zone of calcified cartilage

Identify the feature that stains blue and indicated by the arrows in several sites in the specimen. Stain: Hematoxylin & Methylene Blue

C. endomysium

Several examples of a structure are encircled in the enlargement of the boxed in area of the left image. Select the true statement about the encircled areas in the right image.

C. normally contain a blood vessel

Which of the following nerve tissue cells forms myelin in the central nervous system?

C. oligodendroglial cell

Examine the cell types in the image representing the stages in the development of an erythrocyte. Select the letter associated with the cell that would contain the most cytoplasmic ribosomes.

Cell D

What cell type is circled in this specimen of cartilage?

Chondrocyte

Examine the low power view (left image) and the enlarged viewed of the yellow rectangular defined area in the right image. What process was occurring at the time of tissue fixation?

D. Development of blood cells.

Examine the low and higher magnifications of this WebMic Specimen noting the enlargement of the boxed area. Which of the listed processes is occuring as represented by this specimen. After observing the specimen, choose the correct process that is occurring.

D. Intramembranous ossification

A low (left image) and high (right image) magnification of a tissue is presented. The cell encircled in the right image produces which type of collagen?

D. Type II

Which type of cartilage is characterized by the presence of chondrocytes sitting in lacunae?

D. all of the above

Which of the following is the key event that is under the direct influence of growth hormone that begins the process of closure of the epiphyseal plate?

D. cartilage cells stop dividing

The cells in the epiphyseal plate within the yellow circle are active in which of the following ways?

D. cell division has slowed or stopped and the cells are enlarging

Endochondral bone development includes a template composed of

D. hyaline cartilage.

Choose the correct name for a mature bone cell.

D. osteocyte

Three structures are labeled 1, 2 and 3 in this virtual slide specimen. Each are surrounded with a thin acidophilic layer indicated by blue arrows. Examine the detail in the enlarged view on the right. Which listed identifies the layer?

D. perineurium

What is the function of canaliculi in bone tissue?

D. provides small channels for osteocyte processes and tissue fluid

Sinuses containing blood, hematopoietic tissue and adipocytes are main histological components of which of the listed entities?

D. red bone marrow

In a differential leukocyte count of normal peripheral blood which of the following fractions would be expected for immature neutrophils at the band stage?

E. 3%

A specimen is presented in low (left) and higher (right) power views. Which is true about the cells shown in cross-sectional profile within the dotted lines in the right higher power view of the boxed in area in the lower power view?

E. Each cell has multiple nuclei

What is the name of the pathway through which two parallel Haversian canals are connected?

E. Volkmann's canals

Two specimens of bone are shown. Bone #1 is rigid and non-flexible. Bone specimen #2 is flexible and has been tied in a knot. What has been extracted to make Bone specimen #2 flexible.

E. calcium

What is the covering of an individual muscle fiber?

E. endomysium

Which listed is found only in cardiac myocytes?

E. intercalated discs

Which of the following cell types is the largest in diameter

E. megakaryocyte

Which type of cartilage includes blood vessels in its histological composition?

E. none of the above (A. hyaline cartilage B. elastic cartilage C. fibrocartilage)

A low, medium and high power views of a specimen, left to right, is presented. Which is the dominant cell type seen at high magnification in the right image?

F. chondrocytes

Which of the following do not migrate into tissues in performjing their normal function?

F. platelets

Choose from the list the tissue type under which cartilage is classified.

F. specialized connective tissue

When a sarcomere is shortened in length by contraction, choose which contains both myosin and actin filaments?

FIND ANSWER

Which is true about platelets?

FIND ANSWER

Which member of the Leukocyte Family of cells would be the least frequent cell you would encounter when performing a differential white blood cell count on a sample of peripheral blood.

FIND ANSWER

A sarcomere begins and ends with the I-band.

False

An astrocyte functions like a macrophage in the central nervous system.

False

An isogenous group in cartilage tissue is a group of collagen fibers arranged radially around a chondrocyte.

False

The buffy coat of a sample of centrifuged blood in a test tube contains platelets and erythrocytes.

False

The cell indicated by the number 1 in the enlargement on the right of the boxed area in the left image is a megakaryocyte.

False

The hepatospenothymic phase of hematopoiesis is the phase where hematopoietic tissue is located in the marrow of all vertebra, ribs, clavicles, distal and proximal ends of long bones and the iliac crest of the iliac bone.

False

The structures indicated provide channels for communication between which of the listed cell types? Stain: Thionin-Picric Acid

G. osteocytes

The cells in this specimen with the light pink halos surrounding them are which of those listed? Stain: Hematoxylin & Metanil Yellow

H. Chondrocytes

Which part of this muscle tissue are the yellow arrows pointing to? Note: They are pointing to the large lighter staining band. (Choices: I-Band, A-Band, Z-Disc, or H-Zone)

I-band

What cell type is represented by the two cells that are encircled in the specimen.

I. sensory ganglion neuron

Three identical structures are indicated by arrows. Identify the structure.

Intercalated disk

Examine the three views of this specimen. The low power (left image) displays and blue box that is enlarged in the right image. Which describes the process that is occurring represented by the histological pattern between the two dotted lines in the upper right image? The histological pattern in that region is enlarged in the image below.

Lengthning of the diaphysis of a long bone

The left image is a specimen of a developing femur bone showing the diaphysis and two epiphyses. The yellow boxed in area is shown on the right at high magnification. Two examples of a cell type are indicated by blue arrows in the higher power view of this specimen. Identify the cell type indicated.

Megakaryocyte

Examine the low power and higher power views of this specimen stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin. Select the true statement about the intense blue staining ring shaped region in the higher power view of the boxed in area in the low power view on the left. Several examples are indicated by yellow arrows.

NOT HAS THE MOST DENSE CONCENTRATION OF COLLAGE IN THE TISSUE SAMPLE SHOWN or THE WALL OF THREE OF MANY HAVERSIAN CANALS IN THIS SPECIMEN OF COMPACT BONE

Two views and stains of a specimen of skeletal muscle are presented. The large image is stained with Iron Hematoxylin and the inset is stained with Hematoxyling and Eosin. What is the name of the functional unit that lies between two consecutive dense lines indicated by the arrows?

NOT I-band

Examine closely the high power enlargement on the right of the boxed area in the low power left Image. The cells located between the dotted lines in the right image of this specimen produce which type of collagen? Stain: Hematoxylin-Eosin-Methylene Blue

NOT TYPE IV or chondroblast

Two groups of cells that border a tissue are encircled. What cell type makes up the groups of cells?

Osteoblast

What blood cell type are arrows pointing to?

Red blood cells (erythrocyte)

A pyramidal neuron is located in the cerebral cortex of the brain.

True

Canaliculi in bone contain processes of osteocytes.

True

Compact bone is the dominant tissue in the diaphysis of a long bone like the femur.

True

Increasing blood levels of growth hormone has a direct effect on the mitotic activity of chondrocytes.

True

Mitosis in the zone of proliferation in the epiphyseal plate is how a long bone like the femur grows in length.

True

Osteoid is the term used to denote unmineralized bone matrix.

True

The Schwann cell makes the myelin that surrounds a peripheral myelinated neuron axon process.

True

Actin is the fibrillar protein present in the I band of striated skeletal muscle cells.

Truw

Which part of this muscle tissue are the yellow arrows pointing to? Note: They are pointing to the small dark band that is inside of the large lighter-stained band. (Choices: I-Band, A-Band, Z-Disc, or H-Zone)

Z-disc

Examine the low power (left image), the medium power (right image) of the boxed in area in the low power view. Which is the correct description of the tissue region from the black dotted line to the space indicated by the two blue arrows? The region in question is enlarged below.

Zone of tangential (gliding) articular cartilage

What cell type is circled in this specimen of cartilage?

chondroblast

What processes are arrows pointing to here? (Hint they are all the same kind of process, so just give me the name for what one of them is called).

dendrite

Arrows are pointing to a connective tissue layer that is stained blue. Name the layer that is a component of the tissue in this field?

endomysium

What type of cell makes up the layer that surrounds the three structures indicated by the arrows? Observe an enlargement on the right of the layer indicated between the dashed lines.

fibroblasts

What is the circled structure?

intercalated disc

What type of ossification is shown?

intramembranous ossification

The three blue lines indicate a repeating component of compact bone tissue. What is represented by the blue lines?

lamellae

Identify the peripheral blood cell encircled.

monocyte

What type of white blood cell is circled?

monocyte

What type of white blood cell is circled?

neutrophil

Examine the two higher power views of the tissue enclosed in the yellow rectangle in the left image of his specimen. In the middle higher power view that area is shown in more detail. Identify the component in the blue rectangular area that in shown in more detail in the right image. The component we are asking for is part of the histological structure of one of the specialized tissues you have studied.

not perichondrium

What part of a neuron is circled here?

perikaryon (soma; cell body; perikaryon; ganglion cell perikaryon; body; ganglion cell body)

What is circled in this blood smear?

platelets (thrombocyte)

Two cell bodies are encircled. Identify the cell type?

pyramidal neurons

What cells are circled here?

satellite (cells)

Which of the 3 muscle types is shown here?

smooth (muscle)

What zone of the epiphyseal plate is outlined by the yellow line?

zone of hypertrophy