Biological Bases of Behavior 2.0

Which process does the image above represent?

Afferent signals

Clara suffered a Traumatic brain injury less than a year ago. Prior to the injury, she would become anxious each time she was near a spider. However, since the injury, Clara, no longer becomes anxious when she encounters a spider. Which area of her brain was MOST likely affected by the injury?

Amygdala

Which of the following is NOT a class of drugs used to treat psychological disorders?

Anticoagulants

Which part of the neuron is responsible for sending neutral impulses into the synapse of connection with other neurons?

Axon terminal

After an accident, Barry had a specific part of his lateral hypothalamus damaged. What would be the MOST likely affect on berries behavior?

Barry would not have much appetite if any

Which of the following would be classified as a depressant?

Benzodiazepines

damage to occipital lobe is MOST likely to result in:

Blindness

Located in the left cerebral hemisphere, damage to what area of the brain causes a type of aphasia leaving one unable to produce coherent speech?

Broca's Area

Which of the following statements BEST describes consciousness?

awareness of one's self and the surrounding environment

The stress hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine are released from which of the following systems?

endocrine system

Hannah receives a text that a friend has had gone through a serious car accident. Which neurotransmitter will her body immediately release after reading the text?

epinephrine

Arousal of sympathetic nervous system leads to which of the following?

increase in perspiration

Which of the following sleep disorders is characterized by recurring problems falling or staying asleep?

insomnia

Which of the following statements is NOT true about a neuron that has reached its action potential?

sodium and potassium ion channels are blocked to prevent polarization of the membrane

The change in energy level and attention an individual experiences throughout the day is largely due to:

the circadian rhythm they experience

How does communication take place between neurons?

the electrical impulse in the axon triggers the release of chemicals that stimulate the dendrite in the receiving cell

the amount of neurotransmitter required to initiate an action potential in a neuron is referred to as....

the threshold

A CT scan measures the structure of the brain with a series of:

x-rays

What study subject BEST demonstrate the benefits of neuroplasticity?

Cerebral hemispheric surgery patients

Matthew is suffering from a drug addiction. His drug of choice is a stimulant that blocks the reuptake of dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine. The chemicals remain in a synapse And act as antagonists, which creates a dopamine dependency, Increased self-confidence, high levels of energy. When taking the drug, Matthew gets an immediate rush load by an intense crash. Matthew quickly built up a tolerance to the drug and requires more to get the same "high" Matthew is MOST likely addicted to which drug?

Cocaine

Under the influence of peer pressure, Jasper uses and unknown drug. At first, he feels very alert, happy, and energetic but within an hour he feels depressed. Jasper is MOST likely experiencing the effects of which drug?

Cocaine

Researchers removed part of a rats brain so that the two hemispheres of the rats brain can no longer communicate with each other. Which part of the brain did the researchers take out?

Corpus callosum

Someone under the influence of alcohol is MOST likely to experience:

Decreased inhibition

Which of the following reflects the order and direction of a neural impulse within a cell?

Dendrite to cell body to Axon

A drug that is an antagonist for the new transmitter serotonin is MOST likely to:

Depress mood

Which of the following is true regarding depressants?

Depressants are agonists for GABA and slow neutral activity

Oliver Sacks pioneered treatment of patients with movement disorders, similar to Parkinson's, by using a drug that closely resembles which neurotransmitter?

Dopamine

Trisomy 21, a disorder that causes intellectual disability, is more commonly known as:

Down syndrome

A college student Participates in a voluntary research study, during which she is shown pictures. The student has electrodes affixed to her scalp to provide data on her brain activity. This technique is called:

Electroencephalogram (EEG)

Bill trying to understand the report from his recent tests. He's looking at a long piece of paper on which these are thin blank lines, but no pictures or images. That is most likely looking at a report from his:

Electroencephalogram (EEG)

After going all season without getting in the game, Billy's coach called his number to come to bat in the last inning of the last game of the season. Billy was so nervous he could hardly hold on to his bat. Billy's endocrine system is MOST likely producing larger amounts of what hormone leading to his excitement?

Epinephrine

Kayla has a dream in which she is falling, and when she is about to land, she wakes up. After awakening, she spends hour researching the symbolism of her dream. Which sleep theory best describes Kayla's approach to researching her dream?

Freud's wish-fulfillment

Julie's sister suffered a stroke. Brain imaging showed decreased activity in Wernicke's Area and increased activity in the occipital lobe. Because of the brains plasticity, what will Julia's sister be likely to do in the future?

Have enhanced version because it's a decrease in language comprehension

Jason's brother returned from war suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Brain imaging showed increased amygdala reactivity and smaller hippocampal volumes. What will likely happen with Jason's brother due to the brain plasticity?

He will recover with the help of antidepressants and cognitive therapy

Which of the following choices is LEAST related to the endocrine system?

Heart

Which of the following psychoactive drugs is classified as a depressant?

Heroin

Which of the following statements regarding the relationship between high levels of adrenaline and cognition is TRUE?

High levels of adrenaline increase the ability to remember trauma but decrease the ability to concentrate

"Roid Rage," A common side effect of anabolic steroids leading to heightened aggression, may be attributed to:

Higher levels of testosterone

What hormone will the body produce in anticipation of breaking down the glucose ground in food?

Insulin

Which combination of neurological imaging techniques contains two methods that utilize magnetic imaging?

MRI and fMRI

Richard's doctor needs to see a detailed picture of his brain to check for damage that could be causing Richards symptoms and the CT scan image he has is not sufficient. The doctor is most likely to order which test for Richard?

Magnetic response image (MRI)

Artificial lightning at night affects the body's production of what hormones that helps one fall asleep?

Melatonin

Researchers have discovered a certain set of neurons that respond when watching an action. This neural activity while watching is similar to the activity in the brain when the observer is engaged in that particular activity. These neurons, which could be partially responsible for observational learning are called:

Mirror neurons

The fatty substance that helps protect the neuron and increases the speed of neural transmission is known as the:

Myelin

Which part of a neuron INCREASE the transmission speed of neural impulses?

Myelin sheath

Which of the following parts of a neuron serves as an insulator and speed up neural transmission's?

Myelin sheets

Which of the following is the best example of and antagonist?

Naloxone binds to receptors to block the effects of opioids

There brain's ability to restructure its neural networks to maximize functioning after an injury is known as:

Neuroplasticity

Margaret suffered an eye injury when her chemistry lab exploded, causing her to lose her site permanently. Since the accident, she has noticed her hearing is more acute. What might be the cause of this change in sensory sensitivity?

Nuroplasticity

Well training for a snowboard competition, Kevin suffered a Traumatic brain injury. Kevin's injury affected his memory, attention, and personality as well as, his balance and coordination. However, after more practice and rehabilitation, Kevin is able to return to snowboarding within a few months, though he still isn't as adept as he was before the injury. What does Kevin's return to snowboarding illustrate?

Nuroplasticity

At a concert, Joan is listening to the words of her favorite song and watching her favorite band preform. Which two lobes of her brain are activated during these activities?

Occipital and temporal

Which classification of drugs is used to help lessen the pain and anxiety by reducing the neural transmission of GABA or becoming endorphin agonists?

Opiates

16-year-old body is sitting on the couch holding hands with 16 year old Susie. He really likes her and feels like he can trust her enough to tell her secret. Which Mormon is MOST like they're responsible for his feelings?

Oxytocin

Jonathan 6 feet tall with a slim build. His hair is straight and brown. His eyes are brown as well.What are these exhibited traits called?

Phenotype

Which gland is responsible for secreting that stimulate other glands?

Pituitary

Marcus was in Tech Education, did not follow the safety protocols, and caught his hand in the jigsaw. He was rushed to the hospital, where doctors determined that they would have to amputate the index and pinky fingers on his left hand. Since his accident, Marcus has noticed the other fingers on his hand becoming more sensitive to sensory input. What is this example of?

Plasticity

Studies show that lesioning some animals' brains results in little to no effect on cognitive functioning. What aspect of the brain is responsible fir this?

Plasticity

In order to identify which of Lucy's brain areas were most active when she talked, neuroscientists gave her a temporary radioactive form of glucose and used which of the following neural measures?

Position emission tomography (PET)

To see brain activity, researchers can insert a nontoxic radioactive substance into the brain of their subject. This is part of which procedure?

Positron-Emission Tomography (PET)

Poor child to be born with PKU, both parents must carry the gene for the trait. Therefore, susceptibility to PKU is BEST described as:

Recessive

I knee-jerk reaction is triggered when stimulation of the _____ in the knee send a signal to the _____ in the spinal cord triggering a signal via _____ to kick the knee.

Sensory neurons, Interneurons, motor neurons

Many antidepressant medications block the reuptake of which neurotransmitter associated with happiness?

Serotonin

During adolescence, many secondary sex characteristics develop an a person. Which of the following is an OT considered a second sex characteristic?

Sex organs (ovaries and testicles)

One useful function of the fMRI diagnostic test is that the results?

Show precisely what is wrong with any given part of the brain

Which part of the nervous system is responsible for relying information from the brain to the muscle so they can walk across the room and pick something up?

Somatic nervous system

The function of myelin in the nervous system is to:

Speed up the rate of transmission within a neuron

Which part of an individual's consciousness involves their habits and what song believe is the ability to multitask?

Subconscious

Recent studies of glial sells indicate that they play an important role in which of the following?

Synaptic plasticity

Which of the following BEST defines neuroplasticity?

The ability of brain tissue to take on new functions

Heritability of IQ is generally thought to be somewhere between 40% and 60%. This indicates that:

The difference in IQ scores between two individuals is likely between 40% and 60% due to genetic factors

Which of the following statements BEST describes the implications that new discoveries in epigenetics and brain plasticity hold for the nature vs nurture debate in psychology?

The expression of genetic predisposition and brain physiology are both influenced by environmental factors, therefore nature and nurture are interrelated

Why is rapid-eye movement (REM) sleep often called paradoxical sleep?

The nervous system is highly active, while the voluntary muscles hardly move.

Reuptake

The process through which neurotransmitters are reabsorbed by cell

When a neuron is capable of firing, it is said to have reached its:

Threshhold

In order to BEST determine the role of genetic and human traits, psychologist make use of:

Twin studies