Biology 1: KTB
Stem cells begin to transform into different types of cells in the human body in a process known as cell
differentiation
Which is NOT true of cancer cells?
diffusion through the cell membrane.
Mitosis is responsible for growth, repair, and maintenance in an organism because
exact duplicates of each mother cell are produced.
When the sperm meets the egg during sexual reproduction, a zygote is formed. This single-cell zygote is the first step of a much more complex multi-cellular organism. Which statement describes the process the zygote undergoes immediately after fertilization?
the zygote undergoes mitosis to create general, non-specialized cells.
The following diagram demonstrates the flow of water when a cell is placed in different aqueous solutions. Review the labels at the top of each picture. If a marine plant is placed in a salt water aquarium, predict the flow of water and salt into/out of the plant's cells. A) Both the water and the salt will move into the plant cells. The cells will swell. B) Because the solution is isotonic, there will be no net movement of either water or salt. C) The salt will move into the cells; the water will move out and the plant cells will undergo plasmolysis. D) Because the solution is isotonic, only the salt will move into the plant cells. There will be no net movement of water.
B) Because the solution is isotonic, there will be no net movement of either water or salt.
Which mutation provided an advantage for food collecting, but was detrimental when it came to food eating? A) Group A long nails B) Group B paddle hands C) Group D hands fused D) Group E webbing on hands and feet
B) Group B paddle hands
Which substance from the light-dependent reactions is a source of energy for the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis? A) ADP B) NADPH C) water D) pyruvic acid
B) NADPH
Which of these is a segment of DNA that contains the information necessary to produce a protein? A) a base B) a gene C) a codon D) a chromosome
B) a gene
The movement of carbon dioxide out of cells and oxygen into cells can best be explained by which process? A) osmosis B) diffusion C) exocytosis D) active transport
B) diffusion
One active transport process that occurs in the electron transport process in the membrane of the _____________ is the transport of protons to produce a proton gradient to power the production of ATP. A) chloroplast B) mitochondria C) nucleus D) ribosome
B) mitochondria
This is the chemical reaction that occurs during photosynthesis; identify which of these is a product in this chemical reaction. A) water B) oxygen C) hydrogen D) carbon dioxide
B) oxygen
Fats are broken into saturated fats and unsaturated fats. Which of these explains the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats? A) Saturated fats have no hydrogen in the molecule. B) Saturated fats have more carbon atoms than unsaturated fats. C) Saturated fats have only single bonds on all the carbon atoms. D) Saturated fats have only double and triple bonds on the carbon atoms.
C) Saturated fats have only single bonds on all the carbon atoms.
Climate changes cause a drought. There is no food to collect. To survive, the animals must become predators, catch and kill prey for food. Which group(s) would you expect to survive and reproduce, passing on the traits to future offspring?*
group A
What is the purpose of your answer for question #1? * (protein channels)
to assist in the movement of substances across the membrane by facilitated diffusion or active transport
According to cell theory, viruses are considered nonliving because they
lack the ability to reproduce without a host.
Mitosis results in
two identical daughter cells.
__________ can be used by cells to store energy, form biological membranes, and serve as chemical messengers.
lipids
Another student group tested the pH specificity of catalase. In this case, the students used the same food sample, a piece of raw potato. A two gram potato sample was placed in test tubes contain water. The pH of the water was modified and then the peroxide was added. Student results can be seen here. *
7.0
In the world of biotechnology and genetic engineering, what is a vector? *
A vector is a plasmid or virus used to move foreign genes into desired host cells.
During the light independent reaction of photosynthesis, light energy is converted to the energy currency of ALL cells. This energy-carrying molecule is needed to produce glucose. This molecule is A) ATP B) CO2 C) H2O D) NADPH
A) ATP
Energy from food must be transformed into the bonds of _________ before it can be used by cells. A) ATP B) GNC C) NADP D) cellulose
A) ATP
All BUT ONE describes a function of apoptosis. That is A) Cell death that occurs when cells are exposed to toxins or are injured. B) Maintain a balance within the immune system by getting rid of spent immune cells. C) Cells undergo cellular suicide when they receive certain cues indicating that the cell is damaged. D) Occurs during embryological development to make sure that extra body tissues are not present once the embryo has developed.
A) Cell death that occurs when cells are exposed to toxins or are injured.
What is the product P? A) Energy B) Glucose C) Hydrogen D) Nitrogen
A) Energy
Enzymes, such as the one shown in the picture, work by fitting onto the substrate molecule like a lock-and-key action. Which statement is true, with regard to the enzyme and the substrate? A) The enzyme weakens chemical bonds in the substrate and catalyzes a change into the product. The enzyme itself remains unchanged. B) The enzyme weakens chemical bonds in the substrate and catalyzes a change into the product. The enzyme is also consumed in the reaction. C) The substrate reacts with the enzyme in the active site to produce a product. The enzyme, though changed, does not become a part of the product. D) The substrate reacts with the enzyme in the active site to produce a product. Both the enzyme and the substrate combine and change into a product.
A) The enzyme weakens chemical bonds in the substrate and catalyzes a change into the product. The enzyme itself remains unchanged.
During the winter time, the total number of hours of sunlight decreases. What effect would this have on the process of photosynthesis? A) The rate of photosynthesis would decrease and less glucose would be produced. B) The rate of photosynthesis would increase and more glucose would be produced. C) The amount of available sunlight does not influence the rate of photosynthesis. D) It would have no effect on plants having needles instead of leaves, that stay green all year long.
A) The rate of photosynthesis would decrease and less glucose would be produced.
A change in a sequence of DNA bases in a bacterial cell has resulted in a mutation. This mutation has increased the ability of the bacteria to break down and digest organic molecules in the environment. Bacteria with this mutation are better able to find and utilize food sources. According to the theory of natural selection, what is MOST likely to occur in future generations of this bacteria? A) The relative frequency of the mutation will increase as time passes. B) Because the mutation has changed the DNA of the bacteria, a new species will be formed. C) Because the mutation is abnormal, the mutation will become more rare with every passing generation. D) Bacteria with the mutation will increase in number until the food supply is exhausted, causing the bacteria to become extinct.
A) The relative frequency of the mutation will increase as time passes.
magine there are two different cells, cell A and cell B. Explain why lactic acid, carbon dioxide and only 2 ATP are produced in cell A and carbon dioxide, water and up to 32 ATP are produced in cell B. A) cell A is in an animal cell in an anaerobic environment and cell B is an animal cell in an aerobic environment B) cell A is an animal cell in an aerobic environment and cell B is an animal cell in an anaerobic environment C) cell A is a yeast cell in an anaerobic environment and cell B is an animal cell in an aerobic environment D) cell A is an animal cell in an aerobic environment and cell B is a yeast cell in an aerobic environment
A) cell A is in an animal cell in an anaerobic environment and cell B is an animal cell in an aerobic environment
Stem cells begin to transform into different types of cells in the human body in a process known as cell A) differentiation. B) saponification. C) separation. D) speciation.
A) differentiation.
Based on the data collected, the highest rising bread would use yeast, warm water and the addition of A) glucose. B) oxygen. C) sucrose. D) sunlight.
A) glucose.
Which of these would increase the rate of photosynthesis and lead to the production of more glucose? A) increase in available sunlight and available carbon dioxide B) decrease in available sunlight and available carbon dioxide C) increase in available sunlight and decrease in available carbon dioxide D) decrease in available sunlight and increase in available carbon dioxide
A) increase in available sunlight and available carbon dioxide
The process of _____________ is modeled in the plant cell diagrams seen here. A) osmosis B) tonicity C) active transport D) facilitated transport
A) osmosis
What is the independent variable based on the data shown? A) temperature B) plant growth C) rate of photosynthesis D) cannot determine based on information given
A) temperature
Plant cells undergo photosynthesis to produce glucose, a usable form of chemical energy. The energy produced by plants becomes the base of an energy pyramid. Given the situation seen above, what reactant is missing in order for photosynthesis to occur? A) water B) ozone C) chlorophyll D) radiant energy
A) water
The picture shows an experimental set up for the process of osmosis. The potato has a cavity on top, as shown in the picture. Some sugar solution is poured into the cavity and the potato is placed in a beaker of water. After some time, it is observed that there is a rise in the level of liquid in the cavity. This confirms that A) water from the beaker has moved into the cavity. B) sugar has moved out of the sugar solution in the cavity. C) the sugar solution in the cavity has become more concentrated. D) there is equilibrium between the liquids in the beaker and the cavity.
A) water from the beaker has moved into the cavity
Which chemical reaction would result in the greatest release of energy for an organism? A) ADP + P --> ATP B) ATP + Oxygen --> ADP + P C) Pyruvic acid + NADH --> lactic acid + NAD+ D) Carbon Dioxide + Water --> Glucose + Oxygen
B) ATP + Oxygen --> ADP + P
During the light independent reaction of photosynthesis, the two energy-carrying molecules that are products of the light dependent reaction are used to drive the reduction of carbon dioxide into glucose. These two compounds are A) ADP and ATP B) ATP and NADPH C) ATP and cytochrome D) ATP synthase and hydrogen
B) ATP and NADPH
When a muscle cell demands energy to contract, what happens to ATP? A) ATP makes more ATP B) ATP is hydrolyzed and turned into ADP C) ATP is phosphorylated D) ATP is shuttled to the mitochondria
B) ATP is hydrolyzed and turned into ADP
During metabolism, the complete breakdown of one molecule of glucose results in a maximum yield of 38 molecules of A) ADP. B) ATP. C) GTP. D) NADH.
B) ATP.
How are genetic mutations passed from parent to offspring? A) Sex cells divide to create new cells. B) Mutated gametes (sex cells) fuse to create offspring. C) Genetic mutations occur during DNA replication. D) Genetic mutations only occur during meiosis, never mitosis.
B) Mutated gametes (sex cells) fuse to create offspring.
What is the main difference between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells? A) Eukaryotic cells are smaller than prokaryotic cells. B) Only eukaryotic cells have its genetic material surrounded by a membrane. C) Prokaryotic cells have many organelles, each with their own specialization function. D) Eukaryotic cells have a cell membrane and a cell wall; prokaryotes have a membrane only.
B) Only eukaryotic cells have its genetic material surrounded by a membrane.
In order for a genetic mutation in a species to result in the formation of a new species, what must occur? A) The original species must become extinct. B) The new species must be unable to breed with the original species. C) The new species must be visibly different from the original species. D) The new species must have a larger population than the original species.
B) The new species must be unable to breed with the original species.
Which statement correctly describes the diagram? A) The products of photosynthesis cannot be used by other organisms. B) The products of respiration can be used by plants for photosynthesis. C) The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs only in respiration. D) The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs only in photosynthesis.
B) The products of respiration can be used by plants for photosynthesis.
The image models the process of photosynthesis. Plants use sunlight, plus carbon dioxide and water to produce food, or glucose (a sugar). The by-product of photosynthesis is oxygen, which is added to our atmosphere. During a summer drought, what can we expect to happen to these strawberry plants? A) They will become extinct. B) There will be less sugar produced. C) There will be an excess of oxygen produced. D) The plant will require more carbon dioxide to make sugar.
B) There will be less sugar produced.
All BUT one of the following is a component of nucleic acids. Nucleic acids DO NOT contain A) phosphates. B) amino acids. C) ribose sugars. D) nitrogenous bases.
B) amino acids
Homeostasis is the regulation of an organism's internal environment to maintain conditions suitable for life. Homeostasis requires A) competition between the body's systems. B) balance between all of the body's systems. C) the body's systems to act independently of each other. D) maximum growth of all types of cells and tissues within the body.
B) balance between all of the body's systems.
Yum! Strawberries are sweet to eat! The sugar in the strawberries are produced by this plant through photosynthesis. What compounds are rearranged to make the sugars? A) carbon and hydrogen B) carbon dioxide and water C) carbon, oxygen and hydrogen D) carbon dioxide and sunlight
B) carbon dioxide and water
In any food web, plants are considered to be producers. They convert sunlight (solar energy) into usable chemical energy (glucose). When we eat plants our bodies are using that chemical energy. What elements are rearranged to make glucose in plants? A) water and oxygen B) carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen C) carbon dioxide and sunlight D) carbon, oxygen, and solar energy
B) carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
Lipids are important to living things for all of the following reasons, EXCEPT that they are A) needed to form cell membranes. B) chained together to form proteins. C) used for insulation in Arctic animals. Eliminate D) used for long-term energy storage in hibernating animals.
B) chained together to form proteins.
Animals store most of their excess energy reserves as _______ because A) glucose; it is easy to break down. B) fat; they store twice as much energy per gram. C) protein; it is a compact source of energy in their bodies. D) carbohydrates; they store twice as much energy per gram of glucose.
B) fat; they store twice as much energy per gram.
Look carefully at the model. Plants take in and release carbon dioxide. Plants require carbon dioxide for the process of A) condensation. B) photosynthesis. C) respiration. D) transpiration.
B) photosynthesis.
A ___________ chain is a sequence of amino acids that is the foundation for the basic structure of a protein. A) polynomial B) polypeptide C) polysaccharide D) polyunsaturated
B) polypeptide
Biomolecules are essential to all living things. Which biomolecule is "C" from the above table? A) lipid Eliminate B) protein C) carbohydrate D) nucleic acid
B) protein
DNA plays a major role in heredity, composing the genes that are passed down from parent to offspring. It also plays a major role in the everyday workings of your cells. It does this by creating molecules, such as enzymes, that regulate cell functions. These enzymes belong to a larger class of molecules known as A) RNA. B) proteins. C) ion pumps. D) amino acids.
B) proteins.
A section of DNA is transcribed to produce a strand of mRNA. The original DNA has the following sequence of nitrogen bases: ATG GCC CAA TCG TGA Due to a point mutation, transcription results in the mRNA sequence of: UAC CGG GUU AGU ACU Transcription in this case will result in A) a mutated protein that is potentially harmful. B) the correct sequence of amino acids in the synthesized protein. C) a situation where protein synthesis does not "stop" translating. D) the incorrect sequence of amino acids in the synthesized protein.
B) the correct sequence of amino acids in the synthesized protein.
On average, how many molecules of ATP are gained through the process of aerobic cellular respiration from one glucose molecule? A) 2 B) 140-150 C) 34-36 D) 6-8
C) 34-36
The process of photosynthesis can be represented by the chemical formula A) C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy B) C6H12O6 + 6H20 → 6CO2 + 6H2O C) 6CO2 +6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2 D) 6CO2 + H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2
C) 6CO2 +6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2
The structure of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is shown here. Which statement best explains how energy stored in the chemical bonds of ATP can be released. A) Adenine is removed by hydrolysis from an ATP molecule. B) Electrons are removed by hydrolysis from an ATP molecule. C) A phosphate is removed by hydrolysis from an ATP molecule. D) A phosphate group is added to an ATP molecule with the addition of H2O.
C) A phosphate is removed by hydrolysis from an ATP molecule.
Which of these is NOT part of cellular respiration? A) electron transport chain B) glycolysis C) Calvin Cycle D) Krebs Cycle
C) Calvin Cycle
During the light dependent reaction of photosynthesis, ________ is decomposed to supply hydrogen ions to produce NADPH, and important energy-carrying molecule used to help produce glucose during the light independent reaction. A) ATP B) CO2 C) H2O D) NADPH
C) H2O
Which of these processes can be associated with producing genetic abnormalities? A) I only B) I and III only C) I, II, III, and IV D) none of these cause genetic abnormalities
C) I, II, III, and IV
This is a model of a bacterial cell. What statement about the structure and function of bacterial cell parts is correct? A) DNA is contained in a primitive nucleus. B) Energy for movement is generated in the pilli. C) Ribosomes are the location for protein synthesis. D) Cellular respiration takes place within the mitochondria.
C) Ribosomes are the location for protein synthesis.
_________ fats or lipids form animal body fat that is used for stored energy and insulation. A) Hydrogenated B) Reconstituted C) Saturated D) Unsaturated
C) Saturated
__________ fats or lipids form animal body fat that is used for stored energy and insulation. A) Hydrogenated B) Reconstituted C) Saturated D) Unsaturated
C) Saturated
Living organisms use osmoregulation to balance solute and water concentrations in their cells, tissues and organs. Many marine organisms have internal solute concentrations that are similar to their environment. However, this is not typically true of freshwater and terrestrial organisms. What is likely to happen to the cells of a marine plant if placed in a freshwater environment? A) The cells will become flaccid. B) The cells will undergo plasmolysis. C) The cells will swell and become turgid. D) There will be no obvious change in the plant cells.
C) The cells will swell and become turgid.
While cleaning a saltwater aquarium, students placed a family of fiddler crabs from the saltwater aquarium into a container of distilled water. What effect will this have on the crabs? A) The crabs will not be affected at all. B) The crabs will excrete excess salts left in their systems. C) The crabs will die if left in the freshwater, their cells will burst. D) The crabs will die if left in the freshwater, their cells will shrink
C) The crabs will die if left in the freshwater, their cells will burst.
You are growing yeast cells in a culture. After a few days of consistent growth, you notice that cell growth has slowed considerably. After some testing you note gas bubbles in the culture fluid along with the presence of ethanol. What is the most likely cause of the decrease in cell growth? A) There is too much oxygen in the culture medium. B) There is too much glucose in the culture medium. C) The ethanol levels begin to be toxic to the yeast cells. D) There must be a problem as the yeast cells should continue to grow exponentially forever.
C) The ethanol levels begin to be toxic to the yeast cells.
Given two areas with equal sunlight and available water. Area I has a high amount of atmospheric carbon dioxide while Area II has a low amount of atmospheric carbon dioxide. How does the rate of photosynthesis in Area I compare to that in Area II? A) Atmospheric carbon dioxide has no affect on the rate of photosynthesis. B) The rate of photosynthesis increases with a decrease in carbon dioxide. C) The rate of photosynthesis increases with an increase in carbon dioixde. D) The level of carbon dioxide increases with the level of available oxygen
C) The rate of photosynthesis increases with an increase in carbon dioxide.
This simple bacteria cell has the same structure as more complex cells. It controls what comes in to and leaves the cell and also maintains homeostasis. It is the
membrane
Saltwater fish, like the squirrelfish, live in saltwater that contains 3.5% salt. Surprisingly, the cells in the squirrelfish contain only about 1% salt, like most other living things. What explains how the squirrelfish solve this problem? A) They never drink the saltwater around them. B) They constantly drink the saltwater around them. C) Their kidneys remove the salt in urine and retain water from what they drink. D) Their kidneys remove the water in urine and retain the salt from what they drink.
C) Their kidneys remove the salt in urine and retain water from what they drink.
The model above shows the metabolic processes occurring in green plants. Plants use sunlight, plus carbon dioxide and water to produce glucose. The by-product of photosynthesis is oxygen, which is added to our atmosphere. Plants also respire; creating ATP, the energy they need to continue to grow, develop and reproduce. Imagine it is summer; there is a drought. How will the summer drought influence the model we see here? A) In a response to the drought, stomata will open more frequently. There will be higher outputs of CO2 and O2 as a result. B) An increase in temperature will cause an increase in chemical activity. There will be increases in all chemical inputs and outputs in the model. C) Water will be a limiting reactant in the model. As a result, less glucose will be produced. There will be less CO2 in and O2 and H2O out. D) Water will be a limiting reactant in the model. There will be less H2O in through the roots and less H2O out via transpiration. The other inputs and outputs will remain constant.
C) Water will be a limiting reactant in the model. As a result, less glucose will be produced. There will be less CO2 in and O2 and H2O out.
Chemical changes in the structure shown are most likely to happen during A) exposure to water. B) exposure to high humidity. C) exposure to mutagenic agents. D) exposure to high oxygen levels.
C) exposure to mutagenic agents.
The karyotype indicates a problem with chromosome 18. What is the problem and what is the BEST explanation for why it occurred? A) extra chromosome; insertion B) foreign chromosome; deletion C) extra chromosome; nondisjunction D) mutated chromosome; crossing over
C) extra chromosome; nondisjunction
When DNA replication occurs before meiosis, the original DNA strand GGT CTC CTC ACT CCA is copied into complementary strand CCA GAG GAG TAG GGT. What type of mutation has occurred? A) deletion B) insertion C) inversion D) substitution
C) inversion
Plant cells use specific organelles for photosynthesis in order to produce glucose. Plant cells contain another organelle that functions as a storage tank for excess glucose or starch. That is the A) centriole. B) chloroplast. C) leucoplast. D) nucleolus.
C) leucoplast.
All living things need energy; it is a requirement for life. In a typical cell, ATP, the high energy molecule, is produced in the __________ in the presence of a sugar (glucose) and ______________. A) nucleus; oxygen B) ER; carbon dioxide. C) mitochondria; oxygen. D) vacuole; water vapor.
C) mitochondria; oxygen
Both aerobic and anaerobic respiration yield a net gain of ATP molecules to be used as energy for living things. The processes of _________ would yield the highest number of ATP. A) glycolysis B) fermentation C) oxidative phosphorylation D) the Krebs Cycle
C) oxidative phosphorylation
During the first step of cellular respiration, glucose is converted into A) ATP. B) NADPH. C) pyruvate. D) citric acid.
C) pyruvate.
The ATP molecule shown is the universal energy source for cellular activities. Which of these processes is used to break down glucose into ATP that is usable by the cell? A) chemosynthesis B) photosynthesis C) respiration D) transpiration
C) respiration
All organisms contain DNA, and every organism's DNA is made of the same four nucleotides. The differences between organisms is simply based on the order of these nucleotides. Since all organisms have the same basic, universal structure for DNA, which of these must also be universal? A) All organisms have the same proteins. B) All living things must have the same amount of DNA. C) All organisms must be genetically identical to each other. D) All codons in all organisms' DNA code for the same amino acids
D) All codons in all organisms' DNA code for the same amino acids
During photosynthesis, sugar C6H12O6 is produced from carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight. Which statement BEST explains what happens during photosynthesis? A) Atoms are gained when sugar is formed. B) Single atoms are converted into molecules . C) Atoms from compounds are lost when sugar is formed. D) Atoms of compounds are rearranged to form new compounds.
D) Atoms of compounds are rearranged to form new compounds.
During this process, the nucleus of a cell divides to form two nuclei that are identical to the original cell.
mitosis
Plant and animal cells make exact copies through the process of
mitosis
Two potted plants were used in an experiment to study the amount of starch formed in leaves under different conditions. The table describes the conditions the plants were subjected to and the results of testing the leaves with potassium iodide to detect the presence of starch. Which of these conclusions is BEST validated, based on the experimental data? A) Sunlight is essential for photosynthesis. B) Starch is not produced during photosynthesis. C) Oxygen is not produced during photosynthesis. D) Carbon dioxide is essential for photosynthesis.
D) Carbon dioxide is essential for photosynthesis.
Almonds may be small, but they pack a great number of nutrients, including protein, vitamin E, and vitamin B2. Almonds also contain antioxidants and monounsaturated fat, a "good" type of fat that, like the omega-3 fatty acids, reduces the risk of heart disease. Review the graph that represents the whole class data. Notice that the almond samples provide a large amount of chemical energy. What is the BEST explanation for this large amount of available energy? A) Vitamins, like vitamin E and B2, contain large amounts of usable chemical energy. B) Fats and proteins are molecules with many chemical bonds; the bonds release much energy when broken. C) The energy provided by the almonds is related to mass rather than the chemical composition of the almond. D) Monounsaturated fats, the good fats, contain many chemical bonds that release large amounts of chemical energy.
D) Monounsaturated fats, the good fats, contain many chemical bonds that release large amounts of chemical energy.
All BUT one product of the light dependent reaction of photosynthesis is utilized in the light independent reaction. That is A) ATP B) H+ C) NADPH D) O2
D) O2
Albinism is a genetic mutation that results in some animals being born without the enzyme that produces the pigment for skin and eye color. All BUT one statement is a possible explanation for this mutation. Which is NOT an explanation? A) A DNA base in the gene for the enzyme was removed. B) A DNA base in the gene for the enzyme was substituted. C) The wrong mRNA code caused the wrong protein to form. D) The organism gained an extra chromosome because of a non-disjunction.
D) The organism gained an extra chromosome because of a non-disjunction.
Read the prompt and study the diagram above. What cause and effect prediction can be used to test the assumptions in the model? A) limiting water will limit sugar production of the plant B) limiting sunlight will limit sugar production of the plant C) limiting carbon dioxide will limit sugar production of the plant D) limiting sunlight, water, or carbon dioxide will limit sugar production of the plant
D) limiting sunlight, water, or carbon dioxide will limit sugar production of the plant
Biomolecules are essential to all living things. Which biomolecule is "D" from the above table? A) lipid B) protein C) carbohydrate D) nucleic acid
D) nucleic acid
Gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide cross the plasma membrane by A) special gas transport proteins. B) osmosis through the lipid bilayer. C) active transport through protein channels. D) passive diffusion through the lipid bilayer
D) passive diffusion through the lipid bilayer
This experimental data confirms the A) role of water in photosynthesis. B) role of sunlight in photosynthesis. C) role of nutrients in photosynthesis. D) role of carbon dioxide in photosynthesis.
D) role of carbon dioxide in photosynthesis.
All BUT one is a monomer of a disaccharide. That is A) fructose B) galactose C) glucose D) sucrose
D) sucrose
Study the photosynthesis model above. What is a correct assumption about the inputs and outputs of photosynthesis? A) without light energy from the sun, photosynthesis would still occur B) oxygen is an input into photosynthesis; carbon dioxide is an output C) carbon dioxide is the source of energy; oxygen is the chemical energy produced D) sunlight is the source of energy; plant sugars are the chemical energy produced
D) sunlight is the source of energy; plant sugars are the chemical energy produced
The cellular process of creating two new DNA molecules from one original copy is called replication. Which statement is the BEST description of this process?
DNA opens up and each strand is used as a template for a new strand.
One side (one polymer of nucleotides) of the DNA molecule is said to be complementary to the other side of the molecule. How does the structure of DNA pair perfectly to the process of DNA replication?
During DNA replication, the molecule splits at the weak hydrogen bonds, and each side provides a template for the new side of the ladder.
The two energy containing compounds created in the light-dependent reactions that are used in the light-independent reactions are ________ and _________. *
NADPH and ATP
The table above shows the results of an experiment done by Juan and Cindy. Juan and Cindy placed hydrogen peroxide on several food samples and recorded the relative amount of fizz that each produced. The fizz was produced by oxygen bubbles released by the action of the enzyme catalase, which is found in almost every living cell. Which of these is a valid conclusion from their data? *
Raising the temperature of the food denatures the enzyme.
Why would too much salt intake cause someone to develop high blood pressure?
Salt in the bloodstream causes fluids to enter the blood from surrounding cells, due to osmosis.
In gene tests for inherited colon cancer, scientists scan a patient's DNA sample for mutated sequences using short pieces of DNA, called probes. The sequences of the probes are complementary to the mutated sequences. What happens after a probe DNA is inserted into a patient's genome? *
The DNA probe binds to the mutated sequence and flags the mutation.
If a person has just eaten a meal containing a large amount of sugars and other carbohydrates, which statement BEST describes how the pancreas will respond?
The amount of insulin produced by the pancreas will increase to reduce the amount of glucose in the bloodstream.
ATP is a usable form of energy for cells. This energy is contained in a chemical bond that can be released and used to drive other reactions that require energy. Where is this usable energy contained? *
The bond between the second and third phosphate is a high energy bond.
Plants have a cell wall made of cellulose. What is the function of the cell wall in plants?
The cell wall provides structure to the cell
The picture shows the transport of sodium and potassium ions.The picture shows an Na+/K+ ATPase pump. What is a CORRECT interpretation of the picture?
The energy for the action of the pump is released by the utilization of ATP.
Lipids, mainly phospholipids, make up the bulk of the cell membrane. How is the structure of the phospholipid so perfectly paired to the function of the cell membrane?
The head of the phospholipid, which is hydrophilic, helps to control the movement of large hydrophobic molecules, and the tails of the phospholipid, which are hydrophobic, help to control the movement of large hydrophilic molecules.
Which of these is a possible risk associated with stem cell therapy?
The host's body could reject the transplanted stem cells.
Scientists use this analogy: ATP is like a rechargeable battery that powers cellular process. Elaborate on this. *
The hydrolysis of ATP to ADP is reversible: the reverse reaction combines ADP + Pi to regenerate ATP from ADP.
Before a cell can divide, it must copy its DNA one ___________ at a time in a process called DNA replication.
nucleotide
The sequence of ________________ in a DNA molecule determines the protein that will be produced.
nucleotides
Enzymes are both pH and temperature specific. Seen here are the reaction rates of three common digestive enzymes. Based on the data, which enzyme(s) require(s) the addition of HCl for optimum activity?
pepsin
Viral characteristics include all BUT which one?
Viruses do not contain any nucleic acids.
In humans, excess blood glucose is stored in the liver and in muscle tissue in the form of glycogen. Glycogen is a long chain of glucose molecules bonded together. Because of this, glycogen is called a _____________________.
polysaccharide
Which type of macromolecule is made of amino acids?
proteins
DNA replication or repair occurs in a cell in all of the following situations, EXCEPT when
proteins are synthesized.
The sodium-potassium pump is an example of
active transport.
During the process of protein synthesis, each tRNA carries one
amino acid
How is ATP used? It is used as... *
an energy source for cell processes.
Before mitosis begins, a cell makes a copy of the DNA in the nucleus. What term is used to describe this process of making an exact copy of the DNA?
replication
Each of these four organisms began life as a single 2N cell. Cells in each organisms divided and differentiated. Probably the single most important process that ensured genetic continuity in all four organisms was DNA
replication
The ATP molecule shown consists of a base,__________, and a chain of three phosphates.
ribose
Besides regulating what enters and leaves the cell, what is another function of your choice from question #1? * (cell membrane)
serve as a site for cell adhesion and cell signaling
In mitosis of a single cell, the nucleus
splits into two
There are many people opposed to stem cell research based on ethical grounds. This is because the stem cells used are most often taken from human embryos. However, many are still in favor of stem cell research. One of the reasons is
that stem cells can treat diseases with no other cure.
Consider the diagram of a eukaryote and a prokaryote. According to cell theory,
both are single cells that carry out the functions of life.
As a cell grows, the surface area to volume (SA:V) decreases and the cell must divide or die. The decreased SA:V ratio decreases would affect all BUT
the number of stages involved in cell division.
Osmosis, or the movement of water into and out of a cell, is directly related to the concentration gradient on both sides of the cell membrane and indirectly to the fact that
the polarity of water molecules make it the universal solvent.
Arrange the stages of mitosis shown in the diagrams in sequential order. Use the ABCDE labels on the drawings to indicate the order.
c - d - e - b - a
Many experts believe that if we continue to use fossil fuels at the rate we are now, we will run out of this natural resource by the middle to end of the twenty-first century. Fossils fuels, the remains of once living plants and animals, primarily recycle the element __________ and when burned, these fuels add the element back into our atmosphere. *
carbon
During cell division, or mitosis, an exact duplicate of the original cell is produced. The instructions for cell division are found in the __________ in the __________.
chromosomes:nucleus
